The physical-mechanical properties of Populus x canadensis Moench and Populus x euramericana （Dode） Guinier cv. Gelrica were studied to provide theoret- ical and scientific bases for the directional breeding and eff...The physical-mechanical properties of Populus x canadensis Moench and Populus x euramericana （Dode） Guinier cv. Gelrica were studied to provide theoret- ical and scientific bases for the directional breeding and efficient use of artificial forests with P. canadensis and P. euramericana Gelrica. The results showed the air-dried density, basic density of P. canadensis were 0.468 g/cm3 and 0.372 g/cm3, respectively; the shrinkage coefficient of radial, tangential and volume were 0.133%, 0.270% and 0.553%, respectively;the modulus of elasticity in static bending, the bending strength and the compressive strength parallel to grain were 9 302.99 MPa, 79.69 MPa and 40.32 Mpa, respectively. As for the P. euramericana Gelrica, the air-dried density, basic densitywere 0.453 and 0.355 g/cm3, respectively; the shrink- age coefficient of radial, tangential and volume were 0.205%, 0.304% and 0.554%, respectively; the modulus of elasticity in static bending, the bending strength and the compressive strength parallel to grain were 9 014.44, 55.87 and 33.09 Mpa respectively. Comprehensive analysis of the indicators showed that the properties of P. canadensis were better than those of P.euramericana Gelrica.展开更多
The purpose of the present study was to establish a regeneration procedure for Populus × euramericana ＇Neva＇ by using in vitro shoots tips and leaves. For sterilization, 0.1% （w/v） mercuric chloride （HgCl2）...The purpose of the present study was to establish a regeneration procedure for Populus × euramericana ＇Neva＇ by using in vitro shoots tips and leaves. For sterilization, 0.1% （w/v） mercuric chloride （HgCl2） solution for 8 to 10 min was the optimal treatment for this poplar cultivation. The effects of benzyladenine （BA） and α-naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA） added to Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium were tested on organogenesis. The highest regeneration rate and numbers of shoots/explant from shoot tips （96.7%, 9.8） and leaves （90.0%, 8.7） were obtained on the half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA. The optimal medium for in vitro rooting of shoots was on a half-strength MS medium containing 1 mg/L indolebutyric acid （IBA） with the highest rooting frequency （93.3%） and numbers of roots/explant （8.2）. For acclimatization, in vitro rooted plantlets were transferred to plastic cups containing vermiculite and peat （1： 1）. After acclimatization, transplanted plantlets grew well in a shade house. Therefore, we believe that this efficient plant regeneration protocol especially by leaf explants is very important for in vitro clonal propagation of Populus×euramericana ＇Neva＇.展开更多
Plant species produce different types of allelopathic chemicals in nature;however,little is known about the differential regulation of plant allelopathy.Because allelopathy caused by p-hydroxybenzoic acid(pHBA)is one ...Plant species produce different types of allelopathic chemicals in nature;however,little is known about the differential regulation of plant allelopathy.Because allelopathy caused by p-hydroxybenzoic acid(pHBA)is one of the main obstacles to continuous cropping of Populus×euramericana ‘Neva’,we examined gene expression dynamics in Neva leaves induced by pHBA.The expression of genes related to photosynthesis and respiration changed,while mRNA involved in regulating gene expression during allelopathy was degraded.Some miRNAs that are involved in plant allelopathy target crucial genes for regulating reactive oxygen species.Moreover,coexpression regulatory networks were constructed based on profiles of the identified miRNA-target interactions and the differentially expressed miRNA-target pairs.These findings provide a mechanistic framework for understanding allelopathy in plants.展开更多
【目的】分析镉胁迫下中辽1号杨的转录水平,筛选差异表达基因,挖掘与镉胁迫相关的功能基因,为深入探索中辽1号杨对镉胁迫响应的分子机制提供理论依据。【方法】以中辽1号杨为试验材料,采用盆栽试验的方法将其扦插于土壤Cd含量为20 mg/kg...【目的】分析镉胁迫下中辽1号杨的转录水平,筛选差异表达基因,挖掘与镉胁迫相关的功能基因,为深入探索中辽1号杨对镉胁迫响应的分子机制提供理论依据。【方法】以中辽1号杨为试验材料,采用盆栽试验的方法将其扦插于土壤Cd含量为20 mg/kg(M20)的花盆中,以不加Cd为对照(CK),80 d后采集不同处理中辽1号杨叶片进行转录组测序,使用DESeq2软件筛选CK与M20处理中辽1号杨的差异表达基因,将得到的差异基因在基因本体数据库(gene ontology,GO)、京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)、蛋白相邻类聚簇数据库(clusters of orthologous groups of proteins,COG)中进行注释,分析差异表达基因在不同数据库中的注释信息。随机挑选6个差异表达基因(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(STK)、脱落酸(ABA)、T复合蛋白1(TCP1)、MYB基因(MYB)、丝裂原活蛋白激酶12(MAPK12)),利用Primer 5软件设计特异性引物进行实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)试验,检测这6个基因表达水平的变化,验证转录组结果的准确性。【结果】在CK和M20处理的中辽1号杨中,共发现3812个差异表达基因,其中上调表达的有2209个,下调表达的有1603个。GO分析发现,差异表达基因注释到3大类49个功能组中,其中与代谢过程有关基因最多。转录组KEGG代谢通路分析发现,差异表达基因主要在信号转导途径、代谢途径和生物合成途径富集。COG分析发现,1455个差异基因被注释到22种分类中,其中一般功能预测基因注释最多,其次是信号转导机制基因。结合各数据库分析结果发现,Cd胁迫下中辽1号杨转录组的注释结果中代谢过程和信号转导过程相关基因较多。镉胁迫下差异表达基因最多的家族是ABC、MYB、WRKY、bHLH和NAC基因家族,挖掘出与镉胁迫相关基因WRKY家族基因47(WRKY47)、硝酸盐转运蛋白基因(NRT)、ABC家族转运蛋白基因2(ABC2)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶基因(GSTs)、NAC家族基因2(NAC2)的表达量显著上调,MYB家族基因44(MYB44)、重金属相关异戊二烯化植物蛋白基因39(HIPP39)的表达量显著下调。RT-qPCR结果显示,随机挑选6个差异表达基因表达量的变化趋势与转录组测序结果一致。【结论】镉胁迫后中辽1号杨转录组的差异表达基因主要富集在代谢过程和信号转导过程,挖掘出与镉胁迫相关基因,分别是WRKY47、NRT、ABC2、MDH、GSTs、NAC2、MYB44、HIPP39,为深入探索杨树对镉胁迫响应的分子机制提供了理论依据。展开更多
: It was generally assumed that the accumulation of vegetative storage protein (VSP) in poplar trees and/or temperate hardwoods did not occur in spring. To test this assumption, the accumulation of the 32-kDa VSP and ...: It was generally assumed that the accumulation of vegetative storage protein (VSP) in poplar trees and/or temperate hardwoods did not occur in spring. To test this assumption, the accumulation of the 32-kDa VSP and the differential expression of a gene encoding for the protein in poplars were investigated using light and electron microscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We report, for the first time, that poplar trees initiated VSP accumulation in new shoots during the development of new shoots in spring under conditions of high temperature and long days. The amount of 32-kDa VSP increased gradually in the stem of new shoots and in two-year-old branches, but there were no detectable changes in its abundance in the bark tissues of trunks during new shoot development. Based on the presence of a 286-bp DNA fragment that is identical to the VSP gene bspA, encoding for the 32-kDa VSP in Populus deltoids Bartr. ex Marsh., the differential expression of the 32-kDa VSP gene in P. canadensis Moench was revealed by RT-PCR. The results indicated that the 32-kDa VSP gene was expressed strongly in new shoots, relative weakly in two-year-old branches and was not expressed in the trunk during new shoot development. This pattern of VSP accumulation and VSP gene space-time differential expression may be an important mechanism by which stored nitrogen compounds are used preferentially to exogenously available nitrogen and, in addition, the dynamic pattern may also have a role in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism, especially nitrogen uptake by the roots.展开更多
The absorption and enrichment of heavy metal elements by leaves of Populus×euramericana cv.’Neva’ were analyzed through content assessing of heavy metal elements in soils of three forest lands at Fangshan Distr...The absorption and enrichment of heavy metal elements by leaves of Populus×euramericana cv.’Neva’ were analyzed through content assessing of heavy metal elements in soils of three forest lands at Fangshan District in the southern suburb of Beijing. These forest lands with P.×euramericana cv. ’Neva’plantation were around with the various sources of pollution such as cement mill,stone mill, sewage and garbage.Some of heavy metal elements such as Cd,Pb,Cu,and Zn were found in the soil samples and leaves of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ grown on the three forest lands which were investigated.The results of investigation showed that the soils of three forest lands were polluted with Pb, Cd,Cu and Zn in varying degrees.The contents of Pb,Cu and Zn in soils were significantly different among the three forest lands,whereas the average content of Cd(0.077 6 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) was less but that of Pb,Cu,and Zn(37.61,26.25 and 90.3 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> ) were more than the average background value of Beijing.The contents of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in leaves of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ were different among three forestlands.With the changes of heavy metal contents in soil samples,there was no regularity on the changes of different heavy metal contents in leaves of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ grown on different forest land.P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ can absorb and accumulate Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in soil but showed different capacities of absorption and accumulation with the order of Cd】Zn】Cu】Pb.Especially,its absorption and accumulation capacity for Cd was strong with maximum enrichment factor higher than 16 and showed high accumulation on low background,whereas its enrichment capacities for Pb and Cu were relatively poorer with average enrichment factor of less than 1.At different forest lands,there existed great difference on absorption capacity of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ with the same heavy metal.展开更多
文摘The physical-mechanical properties of Populus x canadensis Moench and Populus x euramericana （Dode） Guinier cv. Gelrica were studied to provide theoret- ical and scientific bases for the directional breeding and efficient use of artificial forests with P. canadensis and P. euramericana Gelrica. The results showed the air-dried density, basic density of P. canadensis were 0.468 g/cm3 and 0.372 g/cm3, respectively; the shrinkage coefficient of radial, tangential and volume were 0.133%, 0.270% and 0.553%, respectively;the modulus of elasticity in static bending, the bending strength and the compressive strength parallel to grain were 9 302.99 MPa, 79.69 MPa and 40.32 Mpa, respectively. As for the P. euramericana Gelrica, the air-dried density, basic densitywere 0.453 and 0.355 g/cm3, respectively; the shrink- age coefficient of radial, tangential and volume were 0.205%, 0.304% and 0.554%, respectively; the modulus of elasticity in static bending, the bending strength and the compressive strength parallel to grain were 9 014.44, 55.87 and 33.09 Mpa respectively. Comprehensive analysis of the indicators showed that the properties of P. canadensis were better than those of P.euramericana Gelrica.
文摘The purpose of the present study was to establish a regeneration procedure for Populus × euramericana ＇Neva＇ by using in vitro shoots tips and leaves. For sterilization, 0.1% （w/v） mercuric chloride （HgCl2） solution for 8 to 10 min was the optimal treatment for this poplar cultivation. The effects of benzyladenine （BA） and α-naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA） added to Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium were tested on organogenesis. The highest regeneration rate and numbers of shoots/explant from shoot tips （96.7%, 9.8） and leaves （90.0%, 8.7） were obtained on the half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA. The optimal medium for in vitro rooting of shoots was on a half-strength MS medium containing 1 mg/L indolebutyric acid （IBA） with the highest rooting frequency （93.3%） and numbers of roots/explant （8.2）. For acclimatization, in vitro rooted plantlets were transferred to plastic cups containing vermiculite and peat （1： 1）. After acclimatization, transplanted plantlets grew well in a shade house. Therefore, we believe that this efficient plant regeneration protocol especially by leaf explants is very important for in vitro clonal propagation of Populus×euramericana ＇Neva＇.
基金the National Public Welfare Industry Research Project of China(201504406)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770706)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870379)Science Research Projects of Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong(2018YY031)。
文摘Plant species produce different types of allelopathic chemicals in nature;however,little is known about the differential regulation of plant allelopathy.Because allelopathy caused by p-hydroxybenzoic acid(pHBA)is one of the main obstacles to continuous cropping of Populus×euramericana ‘Neva’,we examined gene expression dynamics in Neva leaves induced by pHBA.The expression of genes related to photosynthesis and respiration changed,while mRNA involved in regulating gene expression during allelopathy was degraded.Some miRNAs that are involved in plant allelopathy target crucial genes for regulating reactive oxygen species.Moreover,coexpression regulatory networks were constructed based on profiles of the identified miRNA-target interactions and the differentially expressed miRNA-target pairs.These findings provide a mechanistic framework for understanding allelopathy in plants.
文摘【目的】分析镉胁迫下中辽1号杨的转录水平,筛选差异表达基因,挖掘与镉胁迫相关的功能基因,为深入探索中辽1号杨对镉胁迫响应的分子机制提供理论依据。【方法】以中辽1号杨为试验材料,采用盆栽试验的方法将其扦插于土壤Cd含量为20 mg/kg(M20)的花盆中,以不加Cd为对照(CK),80 d后采集不同处理中辽1号杨叶片进行转录组测序,使用DESeq2软件筛选CK与M20处理中辽1号杨的差异表达基因,将得到的差异基因在基因本体数据库(gene ontology,GO)、京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)、蛋白相邻类聚簇数据库(clusters of orthologous groups of proteins,COG)中进行注释,分析差异表达基因在不同数据库中的注释信息。随机挑选6个差异表达基因(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(STK)、脱落酸(ABA)、T复合蛋白1(TCP1)、MYB基因(MYB)、丝裂原活蛋白激酶12(MAPK12)),利用Primer 5软件设计特异性引物进行实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)试验,检测这6个基因表达水平的变化,验证转录组结果的准确性。【结果】在CK和M20处理的中辽1号杨中,共发现3812个差异表达基因,其中上调表达的有2209个,下调表达的有1603个。GO分析发现,差异表达基因注释到3大类49个功能组中,其中与代谢过程有关基因最多。转录组KEGG代谢通路分析发现,差异表达基因主要在信号转导途径、代谢途径和生物合成途径富集。COG分析发现,1455个差异基因被注释到22种分类中,其中一般功能预测基因注释最多,其次是信号转导机制基因。结合各数据库分析结果发现,Cd胁迫下中辽1号杨转录组的注释结果中代谢过程和信号转导过程相关基因较多。镉胁迫下差异表达基因最多的家族是ABC、MYB、WRKY、bHLH和NAC基因家族,挖掘出与镉胁迫相关基因WRKY家族基因47(WRKY47)、硝酸盐转运蛋白基因(NRT)、ABC家族转运蛋白基因2(ABC2)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶基因(GSTs)、NAC家族基因2(NAC2)的表达量显著上调,MYB家族基因44(MYB44)、重金属相关异戊二烯化植物蛋白基因39(HIPP39)的表达量显著下调。RT-qPCR结果显示,随机挑选6个差异表达基因表达量的变化趋势与转录组测序结果一致。【结论】镉胁迫后中辽1号杨转录组的差异表达基因主要富集在代谢过程和信号转导过程,挖掘出与镉胁迫相关基因,分别是WRKY47、NRT、ABC2、MDH、GSTs、NAC2、MYB44、HIPP39,为深入探索杨树对镉胁迫响应的分子机制提供了理论依据。
文摘: It was generally assumed that the accumulation of vegetative storage protein (VSP) in poplar trees and/or temperate hardwoods did not occur in spring. To test this assumption, the accumulation of the 32-kDa VSP and the differential expression of a gene encoding for the protein in poplars were investigated using light and electron microscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We report, for the first time, that poplar trees initiated VSP accumulation in new shoots during the development of new shoots in spring under conditions of high temperature and long days. The amount of 32-kDa VSP increased gradually in the stem of new shoots and in two-year-old branches, but there were no detectable changes in its abundance in the bark tissues of trunks during new shoot development. Based on the presence of a 286-bp DNA fragment that is identical to the VSP gene bspA, encoding for the 32-kDa VSP in Populus deltoids Bartr. ex Marsh., the differential expression of the 32-kDa VSP gene in P. canadensis Moench was revealed by RT-PCR. The results indicated that the 32-kDa VSP gene was expressed strongly in new shoots, relative weakly in two-year-old branches and was not expressed in the trunk during new shoot development. This pattern of VSP accumulation and VSP gene space-time differential expression may be an important mechanism by which stored nitrogen compounds are used preferentially to exogenously available nitrogen and, in addition, the dynamic pattern may also have a role in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism, especially nitrogen uptake by the roots.
文摘The absorption and enrichment of heavy metal elements by leaves of Populus×euramericana cv.’Neva’ were analyzed through content assessing of heavy metal elements in soils of three forest lands at Fangshan District in the southern suburb of Beijing. These forest lands with P.×euramericana cv. ’Neva’plantation were around with the various sources of pollution such as cement mill,stone mill, sewage and garbage.Some of heavy metal elements such as Cd,Pb,Cu,and Zn were found in the soil samples and leaves of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ grown on the three forest lands which were investigated.The results of investigation showed that the soils of three forest lands were polluted with Pb, Cd,Cu and Zn in varying degrees.The contents of Pb,Cu and Zn in soils were significantly different among the three forest lands,whereas the average content of Cd(0.077 6 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) was less but that of Pb,Cu,and Zn(37.61,26.25 and 90.3 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> ) were more than the average background value of Beijing.The contents of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in leaves of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ were different among three forestlands.With the changes of heavy metal contents in soil samples,there was no regularity on the changes of different heavy metal contents in leaves of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ grown on different forest land.P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ can absorb and accumulate Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in soil but showed different capacities of absorption and accumulation with the order of Cd】Zn】Cu】Pb.Especially,its absorption and accumulation capacity for Cd was strong with maximum enrichment factor higher than 16 and showed high accumulation on low background,whereas its enrichment capacities for Pb and Cu were relatively poorer with average enrichment factor of less than 1.At different forest lands,there existed great difference on absorption capacity of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ with the same heavy metal.
