Plant species produce different types of allelopathic chemicals in nature;however,little is known about the differential regulation of plant allelopathy.Because allelopathy caused by p-hydroxybenzoic acid(pHBA)is one ...Plant species produce different types of allelopathic chemicals in nature;however,little is known about the differential regulation of plant allelopathy.Because allelopathy caused by p-hydroxybenzoic acid(pHBA)is one of the main obstacles to continuous cropping of Populus×euramericana ‘Neva’,we examined gene expression dynamics in Neva leaves induced by pHBA.The expression of genes related to photosynthesis and respiration changed,while mRNA involved in regulating gene expression during allelopathy was degraded.Some miRNAs that are involved in plant allelopathy target crucial genes for regulating reactive oxygen species.Moreover,coexpression regulatory networks were constructed based on profiles of the identified miRNA-target interactions and the differentially expressed miRNA-target pairs.These findings provide a mechanistic framework for understanding allelopathy in plants.展开更多
The absorption and enrichment of heavy metal elements by leaves of Populus×euramericana cv.’Neva’ were analyzed through content assessing of heavy metal elements in soils of three forest lands at Fangshan Distr...The absorption and enrichment of heavy metal elements by leaves of Populus×euramericana cv.’Neva’ were analyzed through content assessing of heavy metal elements in soils of three forest lands at Fangshan District in the southern suburb of Beijing. These forest lands with P.×euramericana cv. ’Neva’plantation were around with the various sources of pollution such as cement mill,stone mill, sewage and garbage.Some of heavy metal elements such as Cd,Pb,Cu,and Zn were found in the soil samples and leaves of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ grown on the three forest lands which were investigated.The results of investigation showed that the soils of three forest lands were polluted with Pb, Cd,Cu and Zn in varying degrees.The contents of Pb,Cu and Zn in soils were significantly different among the three forest lands,whereas the average content of Cd(0.077 6 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) was less but that of Pb,Cu,and Zn(37.61,26.25 and 90.3 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> ) were more than the average background value of Beijing.The contents of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in leaves of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ were different among three forestlands.With the changes of heavy metal contents in soil samples,there was no regularity on the changes of different heavy metal contents in leaves of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ grown on different forest land.P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ can absorb and accumulate Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in soil but showed different capacities of absorption and accumulation with the order of Cd】Zn】Cu】Pb.Especially,its absorption and accumulation capacity for Cd was strong with maximum enrichment factor higher than 16 and showed high accumulation on low background,whereas its enrichment capacities for Pb and Cu were relatively poorer with average enrichment factor of less than 1.At different forest lands,there existed great difference on absorption capacity of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ with the same heavy metal.展开更多
Compared with the species of Leuce section,the difficulty in plant regeneration during tissue culture for the species of Aigeiros section is a key limiting factor for their application in genetic engineering of forest...Compared with the species of Leuce section,the difficulty in plant regeneration during tissue culture for the species of Aigeiros section is a key limiting factor for their application in genetic engineering of forest trees.In this study,the plant growth regulators combination,copper concentration,light intensity,and the selection pressures of kanamycin were investigated using leaves of Populus×euramericana cl.’Bofeng’ as explants,and a stable and high efficient regeneration system was established.Using this system,both the shoot regeneration rate and rooting rate were up to 100%,and the average number of differentiated shoots in each leaf explant was up to 20,and the survival rate of seedlings reached 98%.The optimal selection pressure of kanamycin in shoot inducement for leaf-explant was 40 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>,and the optimal selection pressure of kanamycin in root inducement of adventitious bud was 20 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>.The authors also found that differentiation rate of adventitious buds of P.×euramericana cl.’Bofeng’ could be significantly promoted by increased copper concentration,and this is the first report about the key role of copper(Cu) in explant regeneration of Poplars.This regeneration system with high frequency which was established by the authors was as good as that of species of Leuce section,and it provides a good technological platform for genetic engineering of forest tree which uses the species of Aigeiros section as model materials.展开更多
In order to select a suitable genotype for the studies on genetic transformation, the difference among three genotypes (DN04-18, DN04-25 and DN04-26) of Populus × euramericana (Populus deltoides × P. nigra) ...In order to select a suitable genotype for the studies on genetic transformation, the difference among three genotypes (DN04-18, DN04-25 and DN04-26) of Populus × euramericana (Populus deltoides × P. nigra) in terms of shoot regeneration was investigated in this paper. An efficient in vitro micropropagation method was successfully established for genotype DN04-18. The high frequency shoot regeneration (90.0%) from leaf discs was obtained in genotype DN04-18 on the modified Murashige and Skoog (mMS) medium with 30 g/L sucrose and 5.5 g/L agar (pH: 5.8) which was supplemented with 0.8 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (6-BA), while the shoot regeneration rates of DN04-25 and DN04-26 were below 40.0% even on the same medium. The optimum rooting medium was 1/2 mMS medium supplemented with 0.3-0.4 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for three genotypes. The results showed that genotype is a key factor for restricting shoot regeneration in establishing regeneration system of P. × euramerican hybrids. This micropropagation system of DN04-18 is expected to be suitable for the studies on gene transformation to improve drought tolerance of P. × euramerican.展开更多
从代谢物质变化的角度,探寻‘中红’杨(Populus euramericana‘Zhonghuahongye’)芽变叶片在成熟过程中的变化规律。以表现为绿叶的‘中红’杨芽变枝条叶片为试材,对叶片由幼嫩到成熟不同时期的代谢物进行测定和代谢组分析。在G1 VS G2...从代谢物质变化的角度,探寻‘中红’杨(Populus euramericana‘Zhonghuahongye’)芽变叶片在成熟过程中的变化规律。以表现为绿叶的‘中红’杨芽变枝条叶片为试材,对叶片由幼嫩到成熟不同时期的代谢物进行测定和代谢组分析。在G1 VS G2组合中,检测到64种差异代谢物,包含26种上调差异表达代谢物,38种下调差异表达代谢物。在G1 VS G3组合中,检测到80种差异代谢物,包含38种上调差异表达代谢物,42种下调差异表达代谢物。在G2 VS G3组合中,检测到43种差异代谢物,包含21种上调差异表达代谢物,22种下调差异表达代谢物。差异代谢物均显著富集在黄酮和黄酮醇的生物合成途径中。代谢物发生差异的主要途径为异黄酮生花色苷物合成(ko00944)、黄酮类生物合成(ko00941)、黄酮和黄酮醇的生物合成(ko00943)、花色苷生物合成(ko00942)。叶片幼叶至变成熟叶片过程中化合物变化多样,其中最重要的就是黄酮类化合物,其他化合物辅助叶片成熟。展开更多
Background:In reclaimed land,the growth environment for plants may be unfavorable and the initial establishment and growth of seedlings could be limited because of low nutrient and water availability.Fertilization and...Background:In reclaimed land,the growth environment for plants may be unfavorable and the initial establishment and growth of seedlings could be limited because of low nutrient and water availability.Fertilization and control of understory vegetation that competes with seedlings may be of help in ameliorating soil physical and chemical properties,resulting in better seedling growth and reclamation success.However,the amount of nutrients understory vegetation absorbs in this ecological process has been rarely studied.Thus,we aimed to investigate the effect of soil amendment on biomass production and nutrient uptake by weeds in the nutrient-poor reclaimed area.We applied three levels of torrefied wood chip(TWC;0,2.5,and 5 Mg ha^(−1))and two levels of vermicompost(VC;0 and 2.7 Mg ha^(−1))as soil physical improvements and organic soil amendments in reclaimed land in the Republic of Korea,with Populus euramericana used as the crop tree.Results:TWC did not influence weed biomass,but 2.7 Mg ha^(−1) VC significantly increased weed biomass by 21%compared to 0 Mg ha^(−1) VC treatments.Nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg),and sodium(Na)concentrations in weeds were the highest in control,but there was no statistical difference among treatments.However,VC treatment did marginally increase nutrient uptake in weeds,especially P,K,Ca,and Na.No treatments influenced crop tree height.Conclusion:We conclude that VC can be used as an organic source of nutrients in reclaimed soil and that weed management is necessary to increase treatment effects on crop trees in this salt-affected reclaimed land.展开更多
基金the National Public Welfare Industry Research Project of China(201504406)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770706)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870379)Science Research Projects of Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong(2018YY031)。
文摘Plant species produce different types of allelopathic chemicals in nature;however,little is known about the differential regulation of plant allelopathy.Because allelopathy caused by p-hydroxybenzoic acid(pHBA)is one of the main obstacles to continuous cropping of Populus×euramericana ‘Neva’,we examined gene expression dynamics in Neva leaves induced by pHBA.The expression of genes related to photosynthesis and respiration changed,while mRNA involved in regulating gene expression during allelopathy was degraded.Some miRNAs that are involved in plant allelopathy target crucial genes for regulating reactive oxygen species.Moreover,coexpression regulatory networks were constructed based on profiles of the identified miRNA-target interactions and the differentially expressed miRNA-target pairs.These findings provide a mechanistic framework for understanding allelopathy in plants.
文摘The absorption and enrichment of heavy metal elements by leaves of Populus×euramericana cv.’Neva’ were analyzed through content assessing of heavy metal elements in soils of three forest lands at Fangshan District in the southern suburb of Beijing. These forest lands with P.×euramericana cv. ’Neva’plantation were around with the various sources of pollution such as cement mill,stone mill, sewage and garbage.Some of heavy metal elements such as Cd,Pb,Cu,and Zn were found in the soil samples and leaves of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ grown on the three forest lands which were investigated.The results of investigation showed that the soils of three forest lands were polluted with Pb, Cd,Cu and Zn in varying degrees.The contents of Pb,Cu and Zn in soils were significantly different among the three forest lands,whereas the average content of Cd(0.077 6 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) was less but that of Pb,Cu,and Zn(37.61,26.25 and 90.3 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> ) were more than the average background value of Beijing.The contents of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in leaves of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ were different among three forestlands.With the changes of heavy metal contents in soil samples,there was no regularity on the changes of different heavy metal contents in leaves of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ grown on different forest land.P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ can absorb and accumulate Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in soil but showed different capacities of absorption and accumulation with the order of Cd】Zn】Cu】Pb.Especially,its absorption and accumulation capacity for Cd was strong with maximum enrichment factor higher than 16 and showed high accumulation on low background,whereas its enrichment capacities for Pb and Cu were relatively poorer with average enrichment factor of less than 1.At different forest lands,there existed great difference on absorption capacity of P.×euramericana cv.’Neva’ with the same heavy metal.
文摘Compared with the species of Leuce section,the difficulty in plant regeneration during tissue culture for the species of Aigeiros section is a key limiting factor for their application in genetic engineering of forest trees.In this study,the plant growth regulators combination,copper concentration,light intensity,and the selection pressures of kanamycin were investigated using leaves of Populus×euramericana cl.’Bofeng’ as explants,and a stable and high efficient regeneration system was established.Using this system,both the shoot regeneration rate and rooting rate were up to 100%,and the average number of differentiated shoots in each leaf explant was up to 20,and the survival rate of seedlings reached 98%.The optimal selection pressure of kanamycin in shoot inducement for leaf-explant was 40 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>,and the optimal selection pressure of kanamycin in root inducement of adventitious bud was 20 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>.The authors also found that differentiation rate of adventitious buds of P.×euramericana cl.’Bofeng’ could be significantly promoted by increased copper concentration,and this is the first report about the key role of copper(Cu) in explant regeneration of Poplars.This regeneration system with high frequency which was established by the authors was as good as that of species of Leuce section,and it provides a good technological platform for genetic engineering of forest tree which uses the species of Aigeiros section as model materials.
文摘In order to select a suitable genotype for the studies on genetic transformation, the difference among three genotypes (DN04-18, DN04-25 and DN04-26) of Populus × euramericana (Populus deltoides × P. nigra) in terms of shoot regeneration was investigated in this paper. An efficient in vitro micropropagation method was successfully established for genotype DN04-18. The high frequency shoot regeneration (90.0%) from leaf discs was obtained in genotype DN04-18 on the modified Murashige and Skoog (mMS) medium with 30 g/L sucrose and 5.5 g/L agar (pH: 5.8) which was supplemented with 0.8 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (6-BA), while the shoot regeneration rates of DN04-25 and DN04-26 were below 40.0% even on the same medium. The optimum rooting medium was 1/2 mMS medium supplemented with 0.3-0.4 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for three genotypes. The results showed that genotype is a key factor for restricting shoot regeneration in establishing regeneration system of P. × euramerican hybrids. This micropropagation system of DN04-18 is expected to be suitable for the studies on gene transformation to improve drought tolerance of P. × euramerican.
文摘从代谢物质变化的角度,探寻‘中红’杨(Populus euramericana‘Zhonghuahongye’)芽变叶片在成熟过程中的变化规律。以表现为绿叶的‘中红’杨芽变枝条叶片为试材,对叶片由幼嫩到成熟不同时期的代谢物进行测定和代谢组分析。在G1 VS G2组合中,检测到64种差异代谢物,包含26种上调差异表达代谢物,38种下调差异表达代谢物。在G1 VS G3组合中,检测到80种差异代谢物,包含38种上调差异表达代谢物,42种下调差异表达代谢物。在G2 VS G3组合中,检测到43种差异代谢物,包含21种上调差异表达代谢物,22种下调差异表达代谢物。差异代谢物均显著富集在黄酮和黄酮醇的生物合成途径中。代谢物发生差异的主要途径为异黄酮生花色苷物合成(ko00944)、黄酮类生物合成(ko00941)、黄酮和黄酮醇的生物合成(ko00943)、花色苷生物合成(ko00942)。叶片幼叶至变成熟叶片过程中化合物变化多样,其中最重要的就是黄酮类化合物,其他化合物辅助叶片成熟。
基金This study was funded by'R&D Program for Forest Science Technology(Project No.2018112D10-1920-BB01)'provided by Korea Forest Service(Korea Forestry Promotion Insttitute)Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2018R1D1A3B07045079).
文摘Background:In reclaimed land,the growth environment for plants may be unfavorable and the initial establishment and growth of seedlings could be limited because of low nutrient and water availability.Fertilization and control of understory vegetation that competes with seedlings may be of help in ameliorating soil physical and chemical properties,resulting in better seedling growth and reclamation success.However,the amount of nutrients understory vegetation absorbs in this ecological process has been rarely studied.Thus,we aimed to investigate the effect of soil amendment on biomass production and nutrient uptake by weeds in the nutrient-poor reclaimed area.We applied three levels of torrefied wood chip(TWC;0,2.5,and 5 Mg ha^(−1))and two levels of vermicompost(VC;0 and 2.7 Mg ha^(−1))as soil physical improvements and organic soil amendments in reclaimed land in the Republic of Korea,with Populus euramericana used as the crop tree.Results:TWC did not influence weed biomass,but 2.7 Mg ha^(−1) VC significantly increased weed biomass by 21%compared to 0 Mg ha^(−1) VC treatments.Nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg),and sodium(Na)concentrations in weeds were the highest in control,but there was no statistical difference among treatments.However,VC treatment did marginally increase nutrient uptake in weeds,especially P,K,Ca,and Na.No treatments influenced crop tree height.Conclusion:We conclude that VC can be used as an organic source of nutrients in reclaimed soil and that weed management is necessary to increase treatment effects on crop trees in this salt-affected reclaimed land.