This research study evaluated the effect of different additives on the bait consumption by Indian crested porcupine,a serious forest and agricultural pest,under field conditions.Different additives(saccharin,common sa...This research study evaluated the effect of different additives on the bait consumption by Indian crested porcupine,a serious forest and agricultural pest,under field conditions.Different additives(saccharin,common salt,bone meal,fish meal,peanut butter,egg yolk,egg shell powder,yeast powder,mineral oil and coconut oil)at 2 and 5%each were tested for their relative preference,using groundnut-maize(1:1)as basic bait.All the additives were tested under a no-choice test pattern.For control tests,no additive was mixed with the basic bait.Saccharin at 5%concentration significantly enhanced the consumption of bait over the basic bait,while 2%saccharin supplemented bait resulted in a non-significant bait consumption.All other additives did not enhance the consumption of the bait material;rather,these worked as repellents.However,the repellency was lowest with the common salt,followed by egg yolk,egg shell powder,bone meal,peanut butter,mineral oil,fish meal and yeast powder,while coconut remained the most repellent compound.The present study suggested that groundnut-maize(1:1)supplemented with 5%saccharin was the preferred bait combination,and can be used with different rodenticides for the management of Indian crested porcupine.展开更多
Objective:To study nematode parasites morphology of Hystrix javanica(H.javanica),both through the feces and internal organs.Methods:Feces were observed by direct smear method,internal organs were observed after dissec...Objective:To study nematode parasites morphology of Hystrix javanica(H.javanica),both through the feces and internal organs.Methods:Feces were observed by direct smear method,internal organs were observed after dissecting the host.Specimens for light microscopy examination were fixed with 70%warm alcohol,cleared and mounted in lactophenol for wet mounting.Specimens for SEM examination were postfixed in cacodylate buffer and glutaraldehyde,dehydrated through a graded series of alcohol and freeze dried.The specimens were attached to stubs with double cello-tape,coated with gold and observed with a JSM5310LV electron microscope.Figures were made with the aid of a drawiug tube attached to Olympus compound microscope,other figures were photographs of scanning electron microscope images.Measurements were given in micrometers as the mean followed by the range in parentheses,unless otherwise stated.Results:The nematode species found in the intestine of H.javanica are Gireterakis girardi and a new species,Trihuris landak.The new species differs with previously reported species from Hystrix because of having stylet and short cervical alae.The pattern of bacillary band is closed to Trichuris trichiurus,the species that infect human,but differs because the surface of its vulva is not covered with densely spine.Conclusions:The species of nematodes found on H.javanica were Gireterakis girardi and a new species Trichuris landak n.sp.Those two species are newly recorded in Indonesia.展开更多
基金supported by Higher Education Commission of Pakistanthrough a financial support provided under its Indigenous PhD Fellowship Programme to Muhammad Mushtaq.
文摘This research study evaluated the effect of different additives on the bait consumption by Indian crested porcupine,a serious forest and agricultural pest,under field conditions.Different additives(saccharin,common salt,bone meal,fish meal,peanut butter,egg yolk,egg shell powder,yeast powder,mineral oil and coconut oil)at 2 and 5%each were tested for their relative preference,using groundnut-maize(1:1)as basic bait.All the additives were tested under a no-choice test pattern.For control tests,no additive was mixed with the basic bait.Saccharin at 5%concentration significantly enhanced the consumption of bait over the basic bait,while 2%saccharin supplemented bait resulted in a non-significant bait consumption.All other additives did not enhance the consumption of the bait material;rather,these worked as repellents.However,the repellency was lowest with the common salt,followed by egg yolk,egg shell powder,bone meal,peanut butter,mineral oil,fish meal and yeast powder,while coconut remained the most repellent compound.The present study suggested that groundnut-maize(1:1)supplemented with 5%saccharin was the preferred bait combination,and can be used with different rodenticides for the management of Indian crested porcupine.
文摘Objective:To study nematode parasites morphology of Hystrix javanica(H.javanica),both through the feces and internal organs.Methods:Feces were observed by direct smear method,internal organs were observed after dissecting the host.Specimens for light microscopy examination were fixed with 70%warm alcohol,cleared and mounted in lactophenol for wet mounting.Specimens for SEM examination were postfixed in cacodylate buffer and glutaraldehyde,dehydrated through a graded series of alcohol and freeze dried.The specimens were attached to stubs with double cello-tape,coated with gold and observed with a JSM5310LV electron microscope.Figures were made with the aid of a drawiug tube attached to Olympus compound microscope,other figures were photographs of scanning electron microscope images.Measurements were given in micrometers as the mean followed by the range in parentheses,unless otherwise stated.Results:The nematode species found in the intestine of H.javanica are Gireterakis girardi and a new species,Trihuris landak.The new species differs with previously reported species from Hystrix because of having stylet and short cervical alae.The pattern of bacillary band is closed to Trichuris trichiurus,the species that infect human,but differs because the surface of its vulva is not covered with densely spine.Conclusions:The species of nematodes found on H.javanica were Gireterakis girardi and a new species Trichuris landak n.sp.Those two species are newly recorded in Indonesia.
