POLYGENETIC COMPOUND ORE DEPOSITS AND THEIR ORIGIN IN THE CONTEXT OF REGULARITIES IN CRUSTAL EVOLUTION

Polygenetic compound ore deposits are here defined as those ore deposits which evidently possess n1any sided genetic characteristics as a comprehensive result of more than one rnineralization stages, from many rnaterial sources, and of many genetic types. They are formed most commonly during the diwa (geo(lepression) stage in the process of crustal evolution and, therefore, spread most widely in diwa regions. At the present stage of our knowledge, they may be subdivided into three principal models and many types of metallogenesis, controlled by different geotectonic conditions and being distributed in time and in space according to the corresponding regularities. This is a newly rccognizcd, third gcnetic type of ore deposits, being not reasonable to be simply referred to either pure endogenic or pure exogenic origin. They are very important and are of great study significance, becausc they comrnonly are rich and have a large amount of reserve with high economic value.

KEY ROLE OF METALLOGENIC THEORY OF POLYGENETIC COMPOUND ORE DEPOSITS IN LOCATION PREDICTION OF HIDDEN ORE DEPOSITS IN DIWA REGIONS

The metallogenic theory of polygenetic compound ore deposit is the important basis for location prediction of hidden ore deposits in diwa regions. It can play an important role in each step of prediction research, targeting procedure, acquiring information and integrating information. In this paper, the authors discusses how to construct geological concept by using of the metallogenic theory of polygenetic ore deposits for predicting targeting area, to arrange investigation and detection for getting enough useful information, and to analyze and integrate information for reaching a trustful prediction conclusion. According to these strategies, we conduct a successful prediction of location of hidden ore bodies in the outer of the Fenghuangshan copper mine, a principal producing mine in Tongling Cu Au district.

Cr/CrN Compound Films Prepared by Ion Beam Assisted Deposition for Improving the Performance of Bearing Steel

With the development of industry, much attention has been paid to lengthening the life span of bearings. As reported in this paper, we investigated the Cr/CrN compound films formed on the specimens of W9Cr4V2Mo bearing steel by ion beam assisted deposition for improving the performance of bearing steels. The Vicker＇s microhardness, pin-on-disc, electrochemical measurement, XRD and SEM tests were used to characterize and analyze the treated samples. All results indicated that the mechanical properties of the treated samples were good, with the microhardness greater than that of the uncoated specimen, and the wear resistance, the passivity and pitting corrosion resistance increased considerably, the films possessed alternate Cr and CrN compound phases and produced different effects on the improvement of the performance of W9Cr4V2Mo bearing steels with different composing phases.

金属基石墨烯复合材料的合成机理及工艺方法

石墨烯具有良好的力学性能、导电导热和耐腐蚀性能,大部分纯金属只有在某些方面有着单一的良好性能,而不具备多维度的优良材料性能,金属基复合材料可以弥补纯金属在单一方面性能的不足,具有比单一基体更优异的性能;石墨烯/金属基复合材料(Gr-MMC)在航空航天、汽车、电子和军事领域有着广泛的应用。详细介绍了微观层面金属基表面沉积石墨烯的机理,在不同的金属表面石墨烯会表现出不同的行为,其中铜、钌、铱、镍是比较有代表性的几种金属,通过研究在不同金属上的沉积机理能够更好地从微观层面指导金属基复合材料的制备;金属基石墨烯复合材料的制备工艺针对不同的金属大致可以分为液相法、固相法和沉积处理,对于每种工艺方法的特点和不足也有所提及。

FDM用ABS复合材料的改性及其应用研究进展

丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)具有良好的力学性能和可加工性。近年来,随着熔融沉积成型(FDM)三维(3D)打印技术的不断成熟和发展,ABS及其各类改性复合材料也相应被广泛应用于FDM。本文重点基于FDM技术,首先系统整理了金属类填料、无机非金属类填料、有机高分子类填料、回收废旧聚合物类填料等改性ABS基复合材料的现状,并对其相关性能进行了归纳。同时,对相应的各类ABS改性复合材料的FDM打印制品在医学、民用工业、军用电磁与吸波等领域的前沿应用进行了综述。最后,结合FDM打印技术和ABS改性现状,对未来FDM打印方法以及ABS改性技术提出了几点思考。

基于铯铟硒薄膜特性的研究

该文通过共蒸发CsF、In、Se的方法制备了含Cs的铟硒化合物薄膜(Cs-In-Se),对其物质特性及光学特性进行分析,并以此为例研究重碱金属铟硒化合物提升Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)太阳电池效率的影响因素.研究发现Cs-In-Se薄膜所起的积极作用如下:1)Cs-In-Se薄膜带隙具有可调节性,可以作为中间层来调节异质结之间带隙失配的问题;2)Cs-In-Se薄膜对光有高透射和低吸收的特性,作为附加层存在对Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)薄膜的光吸收不会产生较大的负面影响;3)Cs-In-Se薄膜表面更为平滑,有利于减少异质结界面复合.

空心球状碳纳米管-MXene-钴复合物对硝基芳烃化合物的电化学检测

本文通过超声喷雾热解法一步制备出Co空心球(Co hollow sphere, Co HS),然后通过浸渍法将MXene纳米片包覆其上,制得MXene/Co空心球。采用化学气相沉积法,以乙炔作为碳源,氢气作为还原气体,在Co HS的催化作用下在其表面生长碳纳米管(Carbon nanotubes, CNT),成功制备出CNT-MXene/Co空心球复合材料(CNT-MXene/Co HS)。将此电极材料修饰到玻碳电极表面可实现对硝基芳烃化合物的精准电化学检测。结果表明,CNT-MXene/Co HS修饰电极对4-硝基苯酚(4-NP)、2,4-二硝基甲苯(DNT)、间二硝基苯(DNB)、1-氯-2,4-二硝基苯(Cl-DNB)和间硝基苯(TNB)的检出限(S/N=3)分别为6.6、11.6、10.9、10.7和21.4 nmol·L^(-1)。本方法具有良好的抗干扰能力,在环境监测及水样分析领域具有极大的应用前景。

金矿堆浸场地降氰菌、产表面活性剂菌的复合微生物淋洗

金矿堆浸场尾渣含有氰化物、硫氰化物、金属-氰络合物以及重金属等复合污染物,严重危害周边环境健康。微生物法处理金矿堆浸尾渣具有成本低、效率高且二次污染小的特点,是一种绿色高效的治理方法,但降氰菌株功能单一,具有局限性,因此,本文采用复合菌群对堆浸尾渣进行处理。筛选出一株耐受重金属且具有降解氰化物能力的功能菌TCD-1,研究了其降解氰化物与金属-氰络合物的降解性能,并与硫氰化物降解菌TDB-1、产表面活性剂菌Z-90混合,制成复合微生物淋洗液。建立了金矿堆浸场地复合菌群淋洗工艺,明确了淋洗最佳尾渣粒径、最佳pH值和最佳菌液比。在堆浸尾渣粒径为20目、pH值为8、菌液比为TDB-1∶TCD-1∶Z-90=2∶1∶1的条件下,对尾渣中硫氰化物及重金属的处理效果最好。小规模放大试验表明,淋洗后堆浸尾渣和淋洗液中污染物含量达到相关标准要求。最后,对淋洗工艺产生的淋洗液进行深度净化,利用双氧水的氧化能力对淋洗液中残留金属-氰络合物进行破络处理,同时利用絮凝剂对重金属进行絮凝沉淀,达到淋洗液中络合物与重金属同时去除的效果。

添加剂对5μm电解铜箔性能及形貌的影响

电解铜箔因其具有强度高、延展性良好等优势被广泛应用于新能源领域,目前对于5μm电解铜箔性能的影响因素研究较少。本文采用单一变量法考察了PEG、HVP和HP等添加剂对Cu电沉积的影响,通过正交试验探究PEG、HVP和HP复合添加剂对5μm电解铜箔性能的影响,并对比了不同添加剂对5μm电解铜箔外观形貌的影响,得到如下结论:PEG和HVP具有增强极化的作用,且随着浓度的增加极化作用增强,HP具有去极化的作用,且随着浓度的增加去极化作用增强;通过正交试验得出的最优复合添加剂的浓度为PEG 0.36 g/L、HVP 0.12 g/L、HP 0.05 g/L,在此条件下得到的较佳性能为抗拉强度485.17 MPa、延伸率3.72%、粗糙度1.31;相比于单一添加剂,最优配比复合添加剂下的复合镀层表面更加均匀平整,且颗粒细小。

Geological Characteristics and Ore-controlling Factors of the Beiya Gold–Polymetallic Ore Deposit, Northwestern Yunnan Province

Based on comprehensive petrological, geochronological, and geochemical studies, this study analyzed the relationships between the Beiya gold-polymetallic skarn deposit and quartz syenite porphyries, and discussed the source（s） and evolution of magmas. Our results suggest that syenite porphyries（i.e. the Wandongshan, the Dashadi, and the Hongnitang porphyries）, which formed between the Eocene and the early Oligocene epochs, are the sources for the gold-polymetallic ores at the Beiya deposit. Carbonate rocks（T2 b） of the Triassic Beiya Formation in the ore district provide favorable host space for deposit formation. Fold and fault structures collectively play an important role in ore formation. The contact zone between the porphyries and carbonates, the structurally fractured zone of carbonate and clastic rocks, and the zone with well-developed fractures are the ideal locations for ore bodies. Four types of mineralization have been recognized： 1） porphyry-style stockwork gold–iron（copper） ore, 2） skarn-style gold-iron（copper and lead） ore in the near contact zone, 3） strata-bound, lense-type lead–silver–gold ore in the outer contact zone, and 4） distal vein-type gold–lead–silver ore. Supergene processes led to the formation of oxide ore, such as the weathered and accumulated gold–iron ore, the strata-bound fracture oxide ore, and the structure-controlled vein-type ore. Most of these ore deposits are distributed along the axis of the depressed basin, with the hypogene ore controlling the shape and characteristics of the oxide ore. This study provides critical geology understanding for mineral prospecting scenarios.

Geology and mineralization of the supergiant Shimensi granitic-type W-Cu-Mo deposit(1.168 Mt)in northern Jiangxi,South China:A Review

The Shimensi deposit is a recently discovered W-Cu-Mo polymetallic deposit located in the Jiangnan porphyry-skarn W belt in South China.The deposit has a resource of 0.74×10^(6)t of WO_(3)accompanied by 0.4×10^(6)t Cu and 28000 t Mo and other useful components like Ga,making it one of the largest W deposits in the world.This paper is aimed to reveal the ore-controlling mechanisms of the Shimensi deposit,involving the role of the ore-related granites,the tectonic background for its formation,and the metallogenesis model.The systematic geological survey suggests multi-types of alteration are developed in the deposit,mainly including greisenization,potassic-alteration,sericitization,chloritization,and silicification.Drilling engineering data and mining works indicate that the Shimensi deposit consists of two main orebodies of I and II.Therein,the W resource has reached a supergiant scale,and the accompanied Cu,Mo,Au,Bi,Ga,and some other useful components are also of economic significance.The main ore-minerals consist of scheelite,wolframite and chalcopyrite.Disseminated mineralization is the dominant type of the W-Cu-Mo polymetallic orebodies,and mainly distributes in the inner and external contact zone that between the Neoproterozoic biotite granodiorite and the Yanshanian granites.The main orebody occurs at the external contact zone,and the pegmatoid crust near the inner contact zone is an important prospecting marker of the W mineralization.Of them,the disseminated W ores within the wall rock of the Neoproterozoic biotite granodiorite is a new mineralization type identified in this paper.Combining previous geochronological and isotopic data,we propose that the mineralization of the Shimensi deposit is closely related to the intruding of the Yanshanian porphyritic biotite granite and granite porphyry.Geochemical data suggest that the biotite granodiorite is rich in Ca and had provided a large amount of Ca for the precipitation of scheelite in this area.Thus,it is a favorable wall rock type for W mineralization.The Shimensi deposit belongs to granitic-type W polymetallic deposit related to post-magmatic hydrothermal,and the ore-forming fluid was initially derived from the Yanshanian magmas.

PREDICTION OF LOCATION OF HIDDEN ORE DEPOSITS IN THE AGED ORE FIELDS: AN EXAMPLE FROM FENGHUANGSHAN ORE FIELD, TONGLING, CHINA

This paper discusses the strategy for successfully predicting the location of potential hidden ore bodies in aged ore field, and presents the result of location prediction of hidden ore bodies in Fenghuangshan ore field, Tongling. Innovative conceptual targeting procedures based on a genetic understanding of mineralization systems, carefully geological investigation and correct deduction, together with new geochemical and geophysical technology and integrating of comprehensive information are all very important for the successful prediction. In the aged Fenghuangshan ore field, through researching by application of the metallogenic theory of polygenetic compound ore deposits and triple frequency induced polarization method and exploration tectono geochemical method, we predicted location and quality of hidden ore bodies. According to the prediction, hidden high quality Cu Au ore bodies of skarn type and porphyry type have been discovered.

Geology and mineralization of the Pulang supergiant porphyry copper deposit(5.11 Mt)in Shangri-la,Yunnan Province,China:A review

The porphyry copper belt in the Geza island arc in southwestern China is the only Indosinian porphyry copper metallogenic belt that has been discovered and evaluated so far.The Pulang porphyry copper deposit(also referred to as the Pulang deposit)in this area has proven copper reserves of 5.11×106 t.This deposit has been exploited on a large scale using advanced mining methods,exhibiting substantial economic benefit.Based on many research results of previous researchers and the authors’team,this study proposed the following key insights.(1)The Geza island arc was once regarded as an immature island arc with only andesites and quartz diorite porphyrites occurring.This understanding was overturned in this study.Acidic endmember components such as quartz monzonite porphyries and quartz monzonite porphyries have been identified in the Geza island arc,and the mineralization is mainly related to the magmatism of quartz monzonite porphyries.(2)Complete porphyry orebodies and large vein orebodies have developed in the Pulang deposit.Main orebody KT1 occurs in the transition area between the potassium silicate alteration zone of quartz monzonite porphyries and the sericite-quartz alteration zone.Most of them have developed in the potassium silicate alteration zone.The main orebody occurs as large lenses at the top of the hanging wall of rock bodies,with an engineering-controlled length of 1920 m and thickness of 32.5‒630.29 m(average:187.07 m).It has a copper grade of 0.21%-1.56%(average:0.42%)and proven copper resources of 5.11×10^(6) t,which are associated with 113 t of gold,1459 t of silver,and 170×10^(3) t of molybdenum.(3)Many studies on diagenetic and metallogenic chronology,isotopes,and fluid inclusions have been carried out for the Pulang deposit,including K-Ar/Ar-Ar dating of monominerals(e.g.,potassium feldspars,biotites,and amphiboles),zircon U-Pb dating,and molybdenite Re-Os dating.The results show that the porphyries in the Pulang deposit are composite plutons and can be classified into pre-mineralization quartz diorite porphyrites,quartz monzonite porphyries formed during the mineralization,and post-mineralization granite porphyries,which were formed at 223±3.7 Ma,218±4 Ma,and 207±3.9 Ma,respectively.The metallogenic age of the Pulang deposit is 213‒216 Ma.(4)The petrogeochemical characteristics show that the Pulang deposit has the characteristics of volcanic arc granites.The calculation results of trace element contents in zircons show that quartz monzonite porphyries and granite porphyries have higher oxygen fugacity.The isotopic tracing results show that the diagenetic and metallogenic materials were derived from mixed crust-and mantle-derived magmas.

Hydrothermal evolution and source of metallogenic materials of Beiya Au polymetallic deposit,western Yunnan,China

The Beiya porphyry-skarn gold-polymetallic deposit is one of the largest gold deposits in China and it also contains significant amounts of silver and base metals.The ore-bearing monzonitic granite porphyry occurs as a stock,of which the skarn type gold-copper-iron ore bodies are controlled by the contact zone between alkali-rich monzonitic granite porphyry and the limestone,and the gold-silver polymetallic mineralization is controlled by interlayer structure.Alteration and mineralization occur around the intrusion and exterior of monzonitic granite porphyry.Ore mineral formation sequence is as follows:skarn minerals→magnetite→pyrite→chalcopyrite/bornite+pyrite+gold→pyrite+galena+gold(silver).Petrographic studies of fluid inclusions indicate that the following types of inclusions exist in the pre-mineralization quartz-pyrite stage:gas-liquid two-phase inclusions(L-type),three-phase inclusions with daughter minerals(D-type)and gas-rich inclusions(V-type).The colorless transparent quartz in the main gold-chalcopyrite-pyrite stage mainly consists of L-type and V-type inclusions,whereas the inclusions in the late gold-silver-galena stage are mainly L-type.The evolution of ore-forming fluids shows a trend from high temperature,high salinity to medium-low temperature and low salinity.Medium-low density fluids play a dominant role in mineral component migration and transportation.Fluid cooling and boiling are the main mechanisms of gold-copper precipitation,while the involvement of atmospheric water and pH reduction are the main mechanisms of gold-silver polymetallic precipitation.The fluids in the quartz-pyrite stage before mineralization and the main gold-chalcopyrite-pyrite stage are dominated by magmatic water,while in the gold-silver-galena stage the fluids are dominated by atmospheric water.Isotope tracers show that S and Pb are mainly derived from monzonitic granite porphyry,not from limestone of the Beiya Formation.

High Quality Zinc Sulfide Epitaxial Layers Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapour Deposition

ZnS films were successfully grown by metallorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) at atmospheric pressure on (100) GaAs substrates. The deposition was carried out at a substrate temperature between 280 approximately 550°C with optimisation of reactor design and growth conditions. The gas phase prereaction is effectively restrained. These epilayers exhibit high crystallographic quality and reveal a mirror surface morphology. The peak halfwidths of X-ray diffraction patterns from their (400) faces are within 0.06 approximately 0.09°. The epilayers grown on (111) GaAs, (112¯0) Al2O3 and (100) Si have proven to be single crystalline feature. The optical and electrical characteristics of ZnS epilayers are measured by photoluminescence, cathodeluminescence, and the Van der Pauw method. The results indicate that there are not a large number of deep centers that could be detected both at 77K and at room temperature. A broad CL peak around 2.897eV and 2.672eV was observed only under very strong excitation. Their origin has not been examined. All epilayers present high resistivities up to 1013Ω&middotcm.