Structural Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Carbon Emission Spatial Association Network:A Case Study of Yangtze River Delta City Cluster,China

City cluster is an effective platform for encouraging regionally coordinated development.Coordinated reduction of carbon emissions within city cluster via the spatial association network between cities can help coordinate the regional carbon emission management,realize sustainable development,and assist China in achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.This paper applies the improved gravity model and social network analysis(SNA)to the study of spatial correlation of carbon emissions in city clusters and analyzes the structural characteristics of the spatial correlation network of carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)city cluster in China and its influencing factors.The results demonstrate that:1)the spatial association of carbon emissions in the YRD city cluster exhibits a typical and complex multi-threaded network structure.The network association number and density show an upward trend,indicating closer spatial association between cities,but their values remain generally low.Meanwhile,the network hierarchy and network efficiency show a downward trend but remain high.2)The spatial association network of carbon emissions in the YRD city cluster shows an obvious‘core-edge’distribution pattern.The network is centered around Shanghai,Suzhou and Wuxi,all of which play the role of‘bridges’,while cities such as Zhoushan,Ma'anshan,Tongling and other cities characterized by the remote location,single transportation mode or lower economic level are positioned at the edge of the network.3)Geographic proximity,varying levels of economic development,different industrial structures,degrees of urbanization,levels of technological innovation,energy intensities and environmental regulation are important influencing factors on the spatial association of within the YRD city cluster.Finally,policy implications are provided from four aspects:government macro-control and market mechanism guidance,structural characteristics of the‘core-edge’network,reconfiguration and optimization of the spatial layout of the YRD city cluster,and the application of advanced technologies.

Function Evolution and Landscape Planning Strategy of Inland Rivers in Beilun Port City of Ningbo

In the history, the main roles of inland rivers in Beilun Port City of Ningbo were desalination,blocking tides, shipping, and flood control. Nowadays, with the continuous spread and deepening ofurbanization, the ecological environment of river courses has been destroyed. In the past, remediationmeasures based on engineering and technology played a certain role, but can not “cure the root cause”. Itshould respect the historical evolution process of river courses, and highlight the ecological service functionand leisure tourism value of river courses from the coordination perspective of urban and rural ecologicalenvironment, economic industries, society and culture in the planning ideas of ecology, production, andlife integration. Four aspects of the measures are as below: protecting and repairing the ecological matrixof river courses;building green space system and maintaining flood control functions through the waternetwork;protecting cultural heritage along the rivers;developing waterfront leisure tourism scenic area.

Spatial Pattern and Heterogeneity of Port & Shipping Service Enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta,2002–2016

Using the ‘theoretical hypothesis—empirical study—case verification' method, this paper studies the spatial distribution and differentiation of port & shipping service enterprises(PSSE), as well as the variation process and underlying mechanism in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD). First, through inductive and deductive reasoning, we propose the following hypothesis: the regional distribution of different types of PSSE would show different spatial agglomeration-decentralization tendency; and there would be distinct regional differentiation in the industrial structure of the enterprises. Second, based on data obtained from enterprises, empirical research is conducted using Gini coefficient and spatial interpolation simulation methods. Results show that: 1) The overall enterprise distribution is decentralized within a city. 2) Different types of enterprises show different spatial agglomeration-decentralization tendencies. At 3000 m×3000 m grid scale, there is an agglomeration tendency along seas and rivers in the spatial distribution of enterprises. Shanghai has been identified consistently as a hot spot. 3) There is significant regional differentiation in 12 port cities with respect to the industrial structures of enterprises. Finally, the transportization and the increase of shipping service demand, the globalization and the expansion of multinational corporate activities, the hierarchization and the cooperation among port cities as well as the decentralization and the behavioral difference between the central and local states can be seen as main driving mechanism of the spatial phenomenon.

Research on Logistics Competitiveness of Yangtze River Delta Ports from the Perspective of Niche

The logistics industry is likened to be the “catalyst” of economic growth. It is one of China’s top ten key revitalization and adjustment industries, and port logistics is the main force to promote regional logistics and regional economic development. This paper, which is based on the niche theory and its corresponding measurement method, establishes the niche evaluation indicator dimension of the development competitiveness of port logistics in the Yangtze river delta. In this paper, the niche width model, niche overlap model, niche suitability and evolutionary momentum model were used to conduct an empirical study on the development competitiveness of nine typical ports in the Yangtze river delta region from 2013 to 2017. Finally, according to the expansion of ecological niche, the separation of ecological niche and the symbiosis of ecological niche, the paper put forward the suggestions for the sustainable development of port logistics in the Yangtze river delta region.

Impact of urban expansion on regional temperature change in the Yangtze River Delta

Based on non-radiance-calibrated DMSP/OLS nighttime light imagery from 1992 to 2003, urban land area statistical data, meteorological data and land surface temperature data retrieved by MODIS and NOAA/AVHRR data, the influence of urbanization on regional climatic trend cf temperature in the Yangtze River Delta （YRD） was analyzed. Conclusions are as follows： 1） There is a significant urbanization process from 1992 to 2003 in the YRD. Four city clusters of Nanjing-Zhenjiang-Yangzhou, Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou, Shanghai and Hangzhou Bay form a zigzag city belt. The increase rate of annual mean air temperature in city-belt is 0.28-0.44℃/10a from 1991 to 2005, which is far larger than that of non-city-belt. 2） The urban heat island （UHI） effect on regional mean air temperature in different seasons is summer〉autumn〉spring〉winter. 3） The UHI intensity and the urban total population logarithm are creditably correlated. 4） The UHI effect made the regional annual mean air temperature increased 0.072℃ from 1961 to 2005, of which 0.047℃ from 1991 to 2005, and the annual maximum air temperature increased 0.162℃, of which 0.083℃ from 1991 to 2005. All these indicating that the urban expansion in the YRD from 1991 to 2005 may be regarded as a serious climate signal.

Efficiency Pattern and Spatial Strategy of Ports in Yangtze River Delta Region

This paper measures the efficiency of ports in the Yangtze River Delta Region(YRDR) in 2008 and 2013 using port berth quantity, quay length, and human resources as input indicators, using cargo and container throughput as output indicators, and considering traditional(foreign trade dependence and industrialization level) and modern environmental factors(traffic line density, financial development level, and informatization level). To achieve such aim, this study constructs a multi-stage data envelopment analysis model(DEA) that identifies effective port decision-making units(DMUs) and generates a highly accurate conclusion by eliminating the interference from the exogenous environment and random errors. First, the external environment significantly affects port efficiency, with the traditional environmental factors showing huge fluctuations and the modern environmental factors producing great benefits. Second, the efficiency of ports in YRDR has increased from 2008 to 2013 primarily because of their pure technical efficiency. Third, the weighted standard deviation ellipse(SDE) analysis results reveal that the efficiency pattern of ports significantly deviates from their throughput pattern, while the center of SDE of port efficiency moves from the eastern coastal regions to the northwest regions. Based on these findings, this paper proposes spatial development strategies for YRDR, such as creating an unblocked environment where spatial elements can freely circulate, intensifying port-city joint development, implementing differentiated policies, and focusing on the spatial collaboration of port efficiency.

Urban Development and Water Management in the Yangtze River Delta

Throughout the history of the world, the development of the cities are related to the large water systems and the ocean. Where the river is abundant, the trade and regional centres could be formed. However, along with the prosperity of the water-cities, massive urban construction and environmental issues are enormous challenges in human process. A “scientific” urban planning, “Sponge City”, “Resilient City”, regional and urban culture and characteristics get more and more attention. The theme of “water and city” is clearly of great historical value and practical significance for the new resilient urban and water management strategies. The paper will summarize characteristics of geographical, historical, socio-cultural and political realms in metropolitan deltas and the historical governance as well as the recent developments in the Yangtze River Delta. It will introduce urban development and water management in four water cities: the canal and the city-Yangzhou, the river and the city-Nanjing, the lake and the city-Suzhou and the sea and the city-Shanghai. And then it will analyze the inner motivation of the interaction between water and cities in Yangtze River Delta. Furthermore, learning from successful historical experiences, the paper will provide suggestions for future sustainable urban development.

PORT DEVELOPMENT IN YANGTZE RIVER DELTA

The Yangtze river delta has the largest port group in China.On the coast are sea ports,Yangkou Shanghai Beilun,aligned on a north-south axis which,together with ports along the Lower Yangtze river,form a T-shaped port association.This is unique in the country.For rational port localization and development,it is suggested that Shanghai should retain its undisputed position as an international and domestic hub port of China.Beilun and Yangkou,with their deep-water berths,should be transshipment ports of imported bulky goods (ore,crude oiletc.) and inter-continental international containers for Shanghai and the Yangtze valley above Nanjing,while ports on the lower Yangtze river will

City Network Evolution Characteristics of Smart Industry: Evidence from Yangtze River Delta, China

The dual-path model of industrial evolution and spatial progression has been widely acknowledged and incorporated into the strategic planning to promote the development of urban industries and regional collaborations.However,current research on inter-enter-prise city networks mainly focuses on the single sector of flows on all enterprise branches,such as product value chains and production factors,but neglects that of particular industry department.Built upon the new economic geography and city networks theory,this paper develops a methodological framework that focuses on the analysis of city network evolution characteristics of smart industry.Particu-larly,a conceptual model of smart industry enterprise-industry-city is proposed and then applied to a case study of smart industry in the Yangtze River Delta Region,China.Using enterprise supplier-customer data,a city network of smart industry is constructed and sub-sequently analyzed with the proposed model.Findings indicate that the smart industry network in Yangtze River Delta Region exhibits a hierarchical structure and the expansion of the network presents a small-world network characteristic.The study not only makes a meth-odological contribution for revealing the industrial and spatial evolution path of the current smart industry,but also provides empirical support for the formulation of new economic development policies focused on smart industries,demonstrating the role of city clusters as carriers of regional synergistic development.

Saigon River Valley: A Navigation, Trade, Mitigation, Invasion, Liberation, and Unification Pathway

The Saigon River is located in southern Vietnam with headwaters starting in southeastern Cambodia. The river flows southeast for about 225 km to the South China Sea. Most readers of Vietnam’s history know about the American-Vietnam War (1965-1973). However, centuries before that time, Vietnam fought with the Chinese, the Khmers, the Chams and the Mongols. The history of Vietnam begins in the Red River Delta, where farmers first cultivated rice. A millenia of struggle against the Chinese then followed. The Saigon River Valley was the pathway used by the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) to get from the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Cambodia to Saigon during the 1968 Tet Offensive. The NVA dug Cu Chi and Iron Triangle soil tunnels near Cu Chi in the Old Alluvium terrace to hide from American Forces and Air Force bombers. In 1962, the Tan Son Nhut Air Force base on the northern edge of Saigon received the first shipments of Agent Blue, the arsenic based herbicide, used to destroy the rice crop. The most dioxin TCDD and arsenic contaminated site in Vietnam was Bien Hoa Air Force base on the Saigon River just 30 km northeast east of Ho Chi Minh City. The adjacent Bien Hoa City has a population of over 800,000. The Port of Ho Chi Minh City is the most significant river port in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. The river is navigable by ships which draft up to 9 m. Vietnam only became a united country in the 19th century. Its independence was soon affected by French colonialism and then the destructive American intervention in the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War Archive no. 2 in Ho Chi Minh City houses residual correspondence between the Republic of Vietnam (RV) President Diem’s administration and US President Kennedy’s administration related to the Khai Huang program (hamlet strategy). In addition, the archive contains some of the tactical herbicide spray records of the RV military for the Mekong Delta. The primary objective this study is to document the role that the Saigon River Valley played, in modern warfare. The Saigon River Valley was used as a navigation, trade, invasion, liberation and unification pathway. The Vietnamese people have survived centuries of stormy, troubled times and their power of character has served them well.

长江中下游城市内涝与雨季污染协同治理对策

针对长江中下游城市内涝与雨季污染协同治理的突出问题,对城市水安全、雨季水体返黑返臭风险和河湖水生态退化三方面存在的问题进行了论述。发现长江中下游城市河网密度高、降水量大、暴雨多发,同时人口密集、经济发展水平高,内涝、污染、生态退化等水问题突出;城市内涝频发,雨季污染造成某些城市水体局部返黑返臭,严重影响城市水环境品质,成为制约长江中下游城市绿色发展的重要瓶颈问题。提出了建立三级内涝协同防治体系、构建城市“绿-灰-蓝”设施耦合工程体系、协同推进水体品质提升与生态修复等建议。

基于生态位理论的长三角港口体系竞合关系识别与优化策略

基于生态位理论剖析港口体系竞合机制,构建港口生态位评价指标体系,定量识别2006—2021年长三角港口体系的生态位及竞合关系,并借鉴生态位理论探讨港口体系竞合优化策略。结果表明:长三角地区多数港口生态位宽度仍有较大提升空间;港口生态位宽度存在明显的空间分异特征,形成以上海港和宁波舟山港为优势港的“双枢纽”结构;港口生态位重叠度和综合生态位重叠度高值港口均偏多,且呈上升趋势;长三角地区高宽度-高重叠度、低宽度-高重叠度、高宽度-低重叠度和低宽度-低重叠度4类港口均有分布,低宽度-高重叠度的港口数量居多。最后,提出长三角港口体系生态位扩充、特化、错位和协同发展策略。

长江重庆段水样大气-水两相分配平衡实验研究

为模拟化学品泄漏后水中漂移扩散情况,通常使用数值模型,如Chemmap。Chemmap模型的设计仍存在多项不足之处。本研究通过实验测定苯、苯乙烯、萘、三氯乙烯四种单体以及苯和苯乙烯混合物在长江重庆段水样中大气-水分配平衡常数,建立了实验方法体系。结果发现,实验测定结果与理论值存在较大差异,建议在无法获得分配平衡系数或数据不可靠或理论估算值存在偏差的情况下,采用实际水样的实验方法获得相应系数。

创新企业的中微观集聚特征及邻近性机制研究——基于长三角地区4座典型城市的实证

在创新型经济重构空间使用逻辑的背景下,以解析城市内部创新要素的集聚和选址为出发点,构建创新企业集聚的邻近性框架,运用中小型创新企数据以及问卷调查数据,对长三角上海、南京、杭州、苏州4座典型的创新型城市进行研究,透视创新在空间利用上的新变化和新需求。研究得出以下结论:(1)集聚趋势。在我国内城更新与新城开发同步推进的城镇化语境下,创新企业的集聚兼具回归城区和近郊生长的双重动力,而且低密度、品质高的新兴园区与创新人才的需求形成了较好契合。(2)结构演化。创新企业的集聚结构与城市的空间转型、功能演化形成紧密互动。城市的区域职能分工、空间结构对企业的集聚有深刻影响。创新企业的集聚强度由中心向外围衰减,形成半径为1~3 km的核心-边缘结构。(3)区位逻辑。除政策、产业等传统因素外,创新企业不仅侧重于向“年轻集群”和应用导向的科研集群集聚,而且呈现出明确的生活指向,品质、氛围等软性因素成为不可忽视的高阶需求。

长三角合作共建园区转型路径与机制——基于“同质多形”视角

合作共建园区的转型发展作为重要区域治理现象在学术界备受关注。本文采用半结构化访谈法和文本分析法,援引“同质多形”理论视角并构建研究框架,尝试从尺度、网络、领域等多个维度揭示长三角合作共建园区转型的内在动力及其新发展趋势。研究发现:①长三角合作共建园区多维特征处于动态演化中,资本需求与行政治理困境共同构成最为关键的演化动力。园区经历了以企业转移为目标的早期形成阶段、2010年后的波折发展阶段以及2016年后以多元伙伴议程为导向的创新转型阶段,园区的转型发展由不同时期经济发展需求与行政治理困境共同推动。②长三角合作共建园区治理方式从政府间协同转向多元主体网络行动,使园区的尺度、网络、领域特征从早期迁出地主导的单中心治理方式向多元化发展。③长三角合作共建园区的建设从突出专业化经济优势转向囊括创新、生产、居住等要素的综合性整体系统转变,是当前区域治理日趋复杂的缩影,国家到地方、政府到市场的不同行动主体都参与其中。总之,本文揭示了合作共建园区治理的新趋势,并强调同质多形框架在认识与推动当前合作共建园区新发展中的理论与实践价值。

长江经济带沿线港口物流发展对城陵矶港口物流高质量发展的启示

湖南省城陵矶港是长江八大深水良港之一,随着世界经济一体化的推进和我国“一带一路”倡议的实施,我国各省积极深化港口合作,整合省内港口资源,进行一体化运营。本文通过调研长江经济带重要港口城市港口物流发展情况,将长江沿线港口货运量、城陵矶港及湘江内港口码头货运量和航运物流补贴政策进行对比分析,建议整合省内各港口资源、积极培育港口物流链、开展柔性化港口物流服务、做优港口集疏运体系和开展出口拼箱业务等,以促进城陵矶港高质量发展。

人才驱动视角下地级城市医院协同创新模式与实践研究

高层次人才匮乏是困扰地级城市医院高质量发展的瓶颈问题。通过搭建政府主导的以人才驱动为核心的跨区域医疗合作平台,克服现有院际合作模式的局限性,构建跨区域医院协同创新模型。对案例医院运用此模型推动人才为载体的知识和技术在区域间转移流动进行总结,进一步就多元合作主体联系与协同,促进跨区域优势资源有效整合,实现地级城市公立医院高质量发展提出若干对策建议。

“跨界合作园区热”:尺度重组与空间转型——以长江三角洲地区为例

21世纪初以来,中国城市的增长经历了从竞争到合作的转变,“跨界合作园区热”接替“开发区热”成为转型期城市空间重构过程的集中展示。(1)研究立足长三角跨界合作园区的转型发展历程,探讨跨界合作园区历经的转移工业园、跨界新城到合作创新区的政策发展历程,及其空间转型的基本趋势;(2)基于空间转型与合作主体尺度重组活动的紧密联系,进一步探讨空间转型背后尺度重组的动力机制,并提出尺度上推、尺度融合与尺度多元化3个重组阶段及其所形成的托管、合署与企业式3种治理模式;(3)研究建构了跨界合作园区尺度权力重组与空间转型的逻辑框架,并从动态引导的政策支撑体系、劳酬对等的利益协调机制、省-地监管的分层管控机制等方面提出政策建议。

基于GTWR模型的长江中游城市群碳排放时空异质性分析

在双碳背景下,研究中部地区城市群碳排放时空异质性特征对于促进区域低碳发展具有重要意义.该文以长江中游城市群为研究对象,选取2011—2020年的面板数据,从碳排放量、人均碳排放和地均碳排放分析碳排放的时空异质特征;运用GTWR模型探究案例区碳排放之影响因素及其时空异质性.结果表明:1)2011—2020年长江中游城市群碳排放总量不断增长,但增速趋缓.排放量由98152.00万t增长至132226.12万t,增长率由8.23%减缓至4.85%;2)长江中游城市群碳排放具有很强的空间异质性,碳排放总量、人均碳排放量和地均碳排放量总体均呈现为武汉城市圈>环长株潭城市群>环鄱阳湖城市群,其中环鄱阳湖城市群与前两者差异尤为显著;3)人口总量、经济发展水平、工业结构、能源消耗强度等因素对地区碳排放具有显著的正向促进作用,作用强度同样呈现武汉城市圈>环长株潭城市群>环鄱阳湖城市群的特征.

可达性视角下高铁对于长三角地区“融城化、同城化、一体化”的空间影响

作为贯穿城市区域的重要通道,高铁的网络性与外部性使其呈现多维空间尺度属性,但现有研究缺乏对高铁多维空间效应的系统性分析。鉴于此,研究立足高铁的多维空间尺度属性,从城市内部、边界、区域3种尺度,架构不同尺度条件下可达性评价方法,系统测度高铁对于城市和区域发展的综合空间影响。结果发现:①“一城多站”已成为长三角城市高铁站点空间组织的普遍模式,高铁使中心城区和郊区县城的联系更加紧密,高铁公交化时代融城化发展趋势将更加明显。尤其对于浙江省而言,高铁已经成为其内部城市中心城区和郊区县城联系的重要纽带。②高铁已经成为重组相邻城市间生产、生活的关键纽带和桥梁,但从邻界尺度可达性指数空间分布格局来看,同城化发展格局存在明显的空间异质性特征,当前已初步形成7个同城化水平较高的区域,且基本围绕长三角重要中心枢纽城市(上海、南京、杭州、温州、合肥、徐州、无锡)展开。③高铁具有明显的中长途运输优势,使得其对区域一体化发展的影响更大,高铁影响下长三角一体化格局呈现较为明显的“Z”字型格局,且已经向西延伸至合肥,但周边城市参与区域一体化发展的程度依旧较低。