Distributed multichannel medium access control protocol without common control channel for single-hop cognitive radio networks

A novel distributed cognitive radio multichannel medium access protocol without common control channel was proposed.The protocol divided a transmission interval into two parts for exchanging control information and data,respectively.In addition to evaluating system saturation throughput of the proposed protocol,a three-dimensional multi channel Markov chain model to describe the sate of the cognitive users (CUs) in dynamic spectrum access was presented.The proposed analysis was applied to the packet transmission schemes employed by the basic,RTS/CTS access mechanism adopted in the normal IEEE 802.11.Analyzing the advantage of the two methods,a hybrid access mechanism was proposed to improve the system throughput.The simulation results show that the experiment results are close to the value computed by the model (less than 5%),and the proposed protocol significantly improves the performance of the system throughput by borrowing the licensed spectrum.By analyzing the dependence of throughput on system parameters,hybrid mechanism dynamically selecting access mechanism can maintain high throughput.

A DUAL RESERVATION CDMA-BASED MAC PROTOCOL WITH POWER CONTROL FOR AD HOC NETWORKS

This paper proposes a new multi-channel Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol named as Dual Reservation Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) based MAC protocol with Power Control (DRCPC). The code channel is divided into common channel,broadcast channel and several data chan-nels. And dynamic power control mechanism is implemented to reduce near-far interference. Compared with IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) protocol,the results show that the pro-posed mechanism improves the average throughput and limits the transmission delay efficiently.

DQCA:a New Medium Access Control Protocol for MANs

A new medium access control protocol for MANs named DQCA(Distributed QueueCyclic Access)is presented in this paper.When the users of DQCA MAN transfer long files,the network will reach a steady state which is fair after a transient period.The transient pe-riod is shorter than that of DQDB.DQCA MAN has the flexibility in bandwidth allocation:the users can achieve different throughputs if the parameters,Pmax(i),are set to be differ-ent.The implementation of priority mechanism is simpler than that of DQDB.

A new multi-channel MAC protocol based on CDMA for ad hoc networks

This paper proposes a novel multichannel medium access control （MAC） protocol based on CDMA that improves network performance and reduces collision probability in wireless ad hoc networks. In the scheme, the code channel is divided into common channel, broadcast channel and several data channels. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can achieve significantly better performance than the IEEE 802.11 standard.

AN MAC PROTOCOL SUPPORTING MULTIPLE TRAFFIC OVER MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

This letter presents the design and performance of a multi-channel MAC protocol that supports multiple traffics for IEEE 802.11 mobile ad-hoc networks. The dynamic channel selection scheme by receiver decision is implemented and the number of the data channel is independent of the network topology. The priority for real-time traffic is assured by the proposed adaptive back off algorithm and different IFS. The protocol is evaluated by simulation and the results have shown that it can support multiple traffics and the performance is better than the performance that IEEE 802.11 standard provides.

REA-MAC:A low latency routing-enhanced asynchronous duty-cycle MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks

Many energy efficiency asynchronous duty-cycle MAC(media access control) protocols have been proposed in recent years.However,in these protocols,wireless sensor nodes almost choose their wakeup time randomly during the operational cycle,which results in the packet delivery latency increased significantly on the multiple hops path.To reduce the packet delivery latency on multi-hop path and energy waste of the sender's idle listening,a new low latency routing-enhanced asynchronous duty-cycle MAC protocol was presented,called REA-MAC.In REA-MAC,each sensor node decided when it waked up to send the beacon based on cross-layer routing information.Furthermore,the sender adaptively waked up based on the relationship between the transmission request time and the wakeup time of its next hop node.The simulation results show that REA-MAC reduces delivery latency by 60% compared to RI-MAC and reduces 8.77% power consumption on average.Under heavy traffic,REA-MAC's throughput is 1.48 times of RI-MAC's.

基于6LoWPAN的智慧校园公共安全异常监控系统设计

在智慧校园网络中,监控系统无法准确捕获异常人员信息,是造成公共安全事件的主要原因;为提高智慧校园公共安全性,设计基于6LoWPAN的智慧校园公共安全异常监控系统;建立6LoWPAN网络,并在其中规范协议栈堆叠形式,完成基于6LoWPAN的智慧校园监控协议栈开发;利用6LoWPAN协议栈,划分功能性模块,以此为基础,建立人员信息采集模块、环境监测模块、门禁控制模块之间的连接关系,实现异常监控系统的应用部件设计;采用监控系统上位机节点,设置各级部件结构的模块运行条件,并联合相关应用部件,实现基于6LoWPAN的智慧校园公共安全异常监控系统设计;实验结果表明,在同一帧图像中,设计系统可以全部提取异常人员信息,且不会出现错误提取的情况,监控准确率高达100%,能够有效提高智慧校园公共安全性和异常监控准确性。

基于DRL的定向网络时隙复用和功率控制协议

近年来,无人机网络逐渐地广泛应用于各行各业,对无人机网络能提供的网络容量提出了更高的要求。定向天线结合无人机网络构成定向无人机网络以增加网络资源应对无人机网络中各个节点对网络有限通信资源的竞争造成网络容量低的问题。定向无人机网络通过定向天线的空间复用能力可以提高网络的时隙利用效率。针对TDMA协议在定向组网中时隙利用率过低导致网络容量受限的问题,该文提出了一种基于深度Q网络(DQN)的定向无人机网络时隙复用和功率控制协议。为了提高时隙利用率,考虑在单位时隙进行多个链路通信以实现时隙资源的复用。然而多个链路在同一个时隙通信会产生链路间的干扰,如何在考虑链路间相互干扰的情况下控制功率提高网络的容量是时隙复用研究的重点问题。为了解决该问题,首先考虑以功率要求和每条链路最小信道容量为约束,考虑相较于其他研究更为复杂更符合实际的链路互干扰模型,建模问题为最大全网容量问题。然后为了构建链路间的更复杂的互干扰环境,将多个链路的瞬时信道信息、定向增益状态融入到DQN框架的状态中,DQN的奖励为高于最小信道容量的链路信道容量的和。最后,将每个时隙的优化问题扩展到每一帧的优化问题,并利用多个DQN进行求解。仿真结果表明,在保证每个被分配时隙的最小信道容量前提下,相较于对比方法网络容量有了很大的提升。

无人机自组网中基于优先级和发送概率的低时延MAC协议设计

媒体接入控制(MAC)协议是满足数据传输质量服务需求的一项关键技术,其性能的优劣直接决定了网络的整体运行效率。相较于其他经典MAC协议,基于统计优先级的多址接入(SPMA)协议采用了多优先级接入、信道检测和流量控制等机制,因此它能更好地满足无人机自组网的低时延、区分服务、大规模组网等重要需求。其中,不同优先级阈值是影响该协议性能的关键指标之一,而现有研究中的阈值设置策略会导致无人机自组网吞吐量波动较大的问题。除此之外,在大规模节点组网的情况下,由于特殊的发送机制,该协议面临数据包冲突加剧的问题。针对以上问题,本文提出了一种新的阈值设置方法和低优先级数据概率性接入信道的方法。在大规模节点网络高业务量的情况下,该改进策略根据新的阈值和周期性负载统计的比较结果决定是否延迟或者拒绝相关数据的接入。与此同时,将SPMA协议的多优先级接入机制和排队论基本原理相结合,通过计算设定发送概率对不同低优先级数据进行接入控制。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够使得无人机自组网的吞吐量保持稳定,并为不同类型业务的差异性服务质量(QoS)需求提供良好支持,提高不同优先级数据的首发传输成功率的同时不会带来较大的额外时延损耗,性能优于现有的SPMA协议。

空基网络中定向自组网关键技术研究综述

基于定向天线的移动自组织网络被广泛应用于军事领域,尤其对于具有易实施、高隐蔽性、高保密性要求的空基网络,定向天线比全向天线更具有优势,它具有更远的传输范围,减小了节点间的相互干扰,能够实现空间复用能力的提升。但是定向天线的引入在增加通信距离的同时也会带来一些问题,给许多协议层带来破坏性的副作用。目前,国内外研究人员已提出多种算法来解决这些问题。结合空基网络的复杂性,研究了国内外提出的基于定向天线的移动自组网数据链路层和网络层的各类算法和协议,总结对比近年来定向邻居发现算法、媒体访问控制协议和定向路由协议三种关键技术,并提出更适合用于空基网络的技术与协议,最后对这些算法和协议的下一步研究提供了一些方向。

基于行为交互的集群编队网络自组织算法

针对恶劣条件下对集群编队网络自组织构建的要求,对无线自组织网络组网算法进行了研究,将几种媒体接入控制(Medium Access Control, MAC)协议进行深度融合,提出了基于行为交互的集群编队网络自组织算法。该算法通过随机竞争的方式来竞争主节点,避免装订节点身份过程繁琐或主节点被损毁导致网络陷入瘫痪的问题,提升编队组网的安全性;通过行为交互,每个节点获得专有的传输时隙,实现全网节点无冲突的数据传输,最终达到固定分配MAC协议的传输性能。最后,通过仿真对算法进行验证,结果表明16个节点在6s内完成组网,可有力支撑未来协同探测、协同制导等典型场景下对编队网络自组织构建的需求。

Modeling and Simulation of P-Aloha,CSMA /CA and MACAW Protocols for Underwater Acoustic Channel

Medium access control( MAC) protocol of underwater acoustic communication network is a key technology for underwater acoustic networks( UANs). Most of the MAC protocols for wireless terrestrial communication networks have been designed with negligible propagation delay. If it is deployed directly in an underwater environment,the UANs will perform inefficiently. In this paper,the characteristics of underwater acoustic channel are modeled and simulated by using the OPNET simulation tool,which are the speed of sound, propagation loss, and four sources for ambient noise: the turbulence,shipping,wind driven waves and thermal noise. The performance of pure Aloha( P-Aloha),carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance( CSMA / CA) and multiple access collision avoidance for wireless local area network( MACAW) protocols in underwater acoustic channel environment are evaluated. The different performance of protocols in underwater environment is compared in the simulation.

A new real-time ethernet MAC protocol for time-critical applications

The authors propose a new persistent transmission based real time Ethernet MAC protocol that provides a predictable upper bound for the delivery delay of real time frames. Moreover, it is compatible with the protocol used by the existing Ethernet controllers for conventional datagram traffic and thus standard Ethernet stations can be used in the system without any modification. The paper describes the protocol in detail and analyses the maximum delivery delay for real time traffic and the efficiency of the channel.

A FULLY-HYBRID MAC PROTOCOL IN LANS

In announced hybrid protocols,there are two mechanisms usually employed.One operates in aCSMA family manner and the other follows a token passing family way.However,only one ofthem works efficiently when traffic is light or heavy.This results in an inefficient redundance and aburden to the protocol implementation.In this paper,we present a new hybrid concept and its idealmodel in which risky transmissions alternate with safe transmissions in response to the dynamicchange in traffic.Being similar to virtual time CSMA in the abstract,a single control mechanism isproposed to approach this ideal model.The mechanism is rather compact,and its implementationcan be designed to be simple,efficient,reliable,robust,and fully distributed without any centralizedelement at any instant.Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism performs well overthe entire range of the traffic load from light to heavy.

Exploration of Energy Conservation MAC Protocol of WSNs for Ubiquitous Environment

According to analyze the facade phenomenon of wire-less sensor networks（WSNs）,this paper proposes a feasible method to state clearly and improve the power control efficiency of wire-less sensor networks（WSNs）. One of the crucial problems for WSNs is the design of medium access control （MAC） protocol. Our method want to adjust the activities of the MAC protocols control to achieve the enery conservation when the wireless communication module of sensor nodes is running, which is the major consumer of energy consumed by sensors energy. The energy efficiency of MAC protocol makes a strong impact on the network performance. To some extent,our research work describes and analyze the sources of energy consumption in MAC layer and simultaneously present an optimal method for the design of MAC protocol. Then we discusses some factors impacting on the performance of MAC protocol and metrics of performance evaluation. Eventually, the coming research direction is summarized.

Traffic Scheduling in WDM Passive Optical Network with Delay Guarantee

WDM passive optical network becomes more favorable as the required bandwidth increases, but currently few media access control algorithms adapted to WDM acc ess network. This paper presented a new scheduling algorithm for bandwidth shari ng in WDM passive optical networks, which provides per-flow delay guarantee and supports variable-length packets scheduling. Through theoretical analysis and simulation, the end-to-end delay bound and throughput fairness of the algori thm was demonstrated.

An Arrangement of Channels and Transceivers in Optical Packet Switching Networks

Based on a media access and control（MAC）protocol,an arrangement of channels and transceivers in optical packet switching dense wavelength division multiplexing（DWDM）networks is proposed in this paper.In order to reduce the cost of nodes,fixed transmitters and receivers are used instead of tunable transmitters and receivers.Two fixed transmitters and many fixed receivers are used in each node in the scheme.The average waiting delay of this scheme is analyzed through mathematics and computer simulation.The result shows that the property of the scheme is almost the same as using tunable transmitter and receiver.Furthermore,if the tuning time of tunable transmitters is taken into account,the performance of the tunable transmitter scheme is poor than this scheme at the average waiting delay and throughput of the network.

一种水下接收端同步的并发媒体接入控制协议

针对水下声信号的低传播速度导致的时空不确定性问题,能够高效的利用水下声信道的长传播时延的信道预约技术,常被水下传感器网络的媒体接入控制协议的设计所采用,为了探索设计水下传感器网络的高性能媒体接入控制协议,以信道预约技术为基础,提出了一种新型的适用于移动水下传感器网络的,基于接收端同步的并发媒体接入控制协议,即CMACRS(concurrent medium access control based on receiver synchronization),新协议采用信道预约方法,实现了多个发送节点的并发传输。广泛的仿真结果显示,在吞吐量等性能方面,新协议优于非时隙级并发传输的水下媒体接入控制协议。

水声网络全双工定向碰撞避免媒体接入控制协议

近年来水声网络(UAN)技术飞速发展,但仍然面临诸多严峻挑战,能量效率成为水声网络的首要考虑因素。此外,水声信道传播时延大且可用带宽受限,严重制约了水声通信技术的可靠性和有效性,进而限制了水声网络的整体性能。定向通信技术可以有效改善上述情况,通过波束聚焦能力将声波能量聚集在一定角度范围内,获得比全向通信更高的通信范围和信噪比,提升整个网络的能耗效率和空间复用率。但该技术需要对目的节点的位置具备先验知识,且会面临“聋节点”问题,因此该文提出一个水声网络全双工定向碰撞避免(FDDCA)媒体接入控制(MAC)协议,通过装备两个分别处于不同工作频带的全向换能器和定向换能器解决“聋节点”问题,并通过降低节点的冲突域解决了“暴露终端”问题。仿真结果表明,与水下Aloha(UW-Aloha)和时隙地面多址接入(S-FAMA)协议相比,FDDCA在多汇聚节点的网络拓扑下吞吐量分别提升了140%和400%,网络能效上节省了90%和94%。