BACKGROUND Gut microbiota(GM)affects the progression and response to treatment in liver diseases.The GM composition is diverse and associated with different etiologies of liver diseases.Notably,alterations in GM alter...BACKGROUND Gut microbiota(GM)affects the progression and response to treatment in liver diseases.The GM composition is diverse and associated with different etiologies of liver diseases.Notably,alterations in GM alterations are observed in patients with portal hypertension(PH)secondary to cirrhosis,with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection being a major cause of cirrhosis in China.Thus,understanding the role of GM alterations in patients with HBV infection-related PH is essential.AIM To evaluate GM alterations in patients with HBV-related PH after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)placement.METHODS This was a prospective,observational clinical study.There were 30 patients(with a 100%technical success rate)recruited in the present study.Patients with esophagogastric variceal bleeding due to HBV infection-associated PH who underwent TIPS were enrolled.Stool samples were obtained before and one month after TIPS treatment,and GM was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing.RESULTS One month after TIPS placement,8 patients developed hepatic encephalopathy(HE)and were assigned to the HE group;the other 22 patients were assigned to the non-HE group.There was no substantial disparity in the abundance of GM at the phylum level between the two groups,regardless of TIPS treatment(all,P>0.05).However,following TIPS placement,the following results were observed:(1)The abundance of Haemophilus and Eggerthella increased,whereas that of Anaerostipes,Dialister,Butyricicoccus,and Oscillospira declined in the HE group;(2)The richness of Eggerthella,Streptococcus,and Bilophila increased,whereas that of Roseburia and Ruminococcus decreased in the non-HE group;and(3)Members from the pathogenic genus Morganella appeared in the HE group but not in the non-HE group.CONCLUSION Intestinal microbiota-related synergism may predict the risk of HE following TIPS placement in patients with HBVrelated PH.Prophylactic microbiome therapies may be useful for preventing and treating HE after TIPS placement.展开更多
BACKGROUND Portal shunt and immune status related to the spleen are related to the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy(HE).It is unknown whether spleen volume before transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS...BACKGROUND Portal shunt and immune status related to the spleen are related to the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy(HE).It is unknown whether spleen volume before transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is related to postoperative HE.AIM To investigate the relationship between spleen volume and the occurrence of HE.METHODS This study included 135 patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent TIPS,and liver and spleen volumes were elevated upon computed tomography imaging.The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to compare the difference in the incidence rate of HE among patients with different spleen volumes.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the factors affecting overt HE(OHE).Restricted cubic spline was used to examine the shapes of the dose-response association between spleen volumes and OHE risk.RESULTS The results showed that 37(27.2%)of 135 patients experienced OHE during a 1-year follow-up period.Compared with preoperative spleen volume(901.30±471.90 cm3),there was a significant decrease in spleen volume after TIPS(697.60±281.0 cm^(3))in OHE patients.As the severity of OHE increased,the spleen volume significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with patients with a spleen volume≥782.4 cm^(3),those with a spleen volume<782.4 cm^(3) had a higher incidence of HE(P<0.05).Cox regression analysis showed that spleen volume was an independent risk factor for post-TIPS OHE(hazard ratio=0.494,P<0.05).Restricted cubic spline model showed that with an increasing spleen volume,OHE risk showed an initial increase and then decrease(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Spleen volume is related to the occurrence of OHE after TIPS.Preoperative spleen volume is an independent risk factor for post-TIPS OHE.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt(IPSVS)is a rare hepatic disease with different clinical manifestations.Most IPSVS patients with mild shunts are asymptomatic,while the patients with severe shunts pre...BACKGROUND Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt(IPSVS)is a rare hepatic disease with different clinical manifestations.Most IPSVS patients with mild shunts are asymptomatic,while the patients with severe shunts present complications such as hepatic encephalopathy.For patients with portal hypertension accompanied by intrahepatic shunt,portal hypertension may lead to hemodynamic changes that may result in exacerbated portal shunt and increased shunt flow.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old man,with the medical history of chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis,was admitted to our hospital with abnormal behavior for 10 mo.He had received the esophageal varices ligation and entecavir therapy 1 year ago.Comparing with former examination results,the degree of esophageal varices was significantly reduced,while the right branch of the portal vein was significantly expanded and tortuous.Meanwhile,abdominal ultrasound presented the right posterior branch of portal vein connected with the retrohepatic inferior vena cava.The imaging findings indicated the diagnosis of IPSVS and hepatic encephalopathy.Instead of radiologic interventions or surgical therapies,this patient had only accepted symptomatic treatment.No recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy was observed during 1-year follow-up.CONCLUSION Hemodynamic changes may exacerbate intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.The intervention or surgery should be carefully applied to patients with severe portal hypertension due to the risk of hemorrhage.展开更多
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is an established procedure for treating the complications of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis.While the pathogenesis of postoperative TIPS-related hepatic ence...Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is an established procedure for treating the complications of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis.While the pathogenesis of postoperative TIPS-related hepatic encephalopathy(HE)has yet to be fully understood,intraoperative portosystemic shunts may provide a pathological basis for the occurrence of postope-rative HE in patients with liver cirrhosis.Studies at home and abroad have expressed mixed opinions about TIPSrelated HE.This study presents a literature review on the risk factors for and prevention and treatment of perioperative TIPS-related HE in patients with liver cirrhosis,aiming to optimize the procedure and reduce the incidence of postoperative HE.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)is the gold standard for diagnosis of portal hypertension(PH),invasiveness and potential risks in the process of measurement limited its widespread use.AIM To investiga...BACKGROUND Hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)is the gold standard for diagnosis of portal hypertension(PH),invasiveness and potential risks in the process of measurement limited its widespread use.AIM To investigate the correlation of computed tomography(CT)perfusion parameters with HVPG in PH,and quantitatively assess the blood supply changes in liver and spleen parenchyma before and after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS).METHODS Twenty-four PH related gastrointestinal bleeding patients were recruited in this study,and all patients were performed perfusion CT before and after TIPS surgery within 2 wk.Quantitative parameters of CT perfusion,including liver blood volume(LBV),liver blood flow(LBF),hepatic arterial fraction(HAF),spleen blood volume(SBV)and spleen blood flow(SBF),were measured and compared before and after TIPS,and the quantitative parameters between clinically significant PH(CSPH)and non-CSPH(NCSPH)group were also compared.Then the correlation of CT perfusion parameters with HVPG were analyzed,with statistical significance as P<0.05.RESULTS For all 24 PH patients after TIPS,CT perfusion parameters demonstrated decreased LBV, increased HAF, SBV and SBF, with no statistical difference in LBF. Compared withNCSPH, CSPH showed higher HAF, with no difference in other CT perfusion parameters. HAFbefore TIPS showed positive correlation with HVPG (r = 0.530, P = 0.008), while no correlation wasfound in other CT perfusion parameters with HVPG and Child-Pugh scores.CONCLUSIONHAF, an index of CT perfusion, was positive correlation with HVPG, and higher in CSPH thanNCSPH before TIPS. While increased HAF, SBF and SBV, and decreased LBV, were found afterTIPS, which accommodates a potential non-invasive imaging tool for evaluation of PH.展开更多
BACKGROUND Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) is currently used for the treatment of complications of portal hypertension. The incidence of hepatic encephalopathy(HE) remains a problem in TIPS placeme...BACKGROUND Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) is currently used for the treatment of complications of portal hypertension. The incidence of hepatic encephalopathy(HE) remains a problem in TIPS placement. It has been reported that the right branch mainly receives superior mesenteric venous blood while the left branch mainly receives blood from the splenic vein. We hypothesized that targeted puncture of the left portal vein would divert the non-nutritive blood from the splenic vein into the TIPS shunt; therefore, targeted puncture of the left branch of the intrahepatic portal vein during TIPS may reduce the risk of HE.AIM To evaluate the influence of targeted puncture of left branch of portal vein in TIPS on HE.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 1244 patients with portal-hypertension-related complications of refractory ascites or variceal bleeding who underwent TIPS from January 2000 to January 2013 was performed. Patients were divided into group A(targeting left branch of portal vein, n = 937) and group B(targeting right branch of portal vein, n = 307). TIPS-related HE and clinical outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS The symptoms of ascites and variceal bleeding disappeared within a short time.By the endpoint of follow-up, recurrent bleeding and ascites did not differ significantly between groups A and B(P = 0.278, P = 0.561, respectively).Incidence of HE differed significantly between groups A and B at 1 mo(14.94% vs36.80%, χ~2 = 4.839, P = 0.028), 3 mo(12.48% vs 34.20%, χ~2 = 5.054, P = 0.025), 6 mo(10.03% vs 32.24%, χ~2 = 6.560, P = 0.010), 9 mo(9.17% vs 31.27%, χ~2 = 5.357, P =0.021), and 12 mo(8.21% vs 28.01, χ~2 = 3.848, P = 0.051). There were no significant differences between groups A and B at 3 years(6.61% vs 7.16%, χ~2 = 1.204, P =0.272) and 5 years(5.01% vs 6.18%, χ~2 = 0.072, P = 0.562). The total survival rate did not differ between groups A and B(χ~2 = 0.226, P = 0.634, log-rank test).CONCLUSION Targeted puncture of the left branch of the intrahepatic portal vein during TIPS may reduce the risk of HE but has no direct influence on prognosis of portalhypertension-related complications.展开更多
AIM To assess for passive expansion of sub-maximally dilated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts(TIPS) and compare outcomes with maximally dilated TIPS.METHODS Polytetrafluoroethylene covered TIPS(Viatorr) ...AIM To assess for passive expansion of sub-maximally dilated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts(TIPS) and compare outcomes with maximally dilated TIPS.METHODS Polytetrafluoroethylene covered TIPS(Viatorr) from July 2002 to December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed at two hospitals in a single institution. Two hundred and thirty patients had TIPS maximally dilated to 10 mm(m TIPS), while 43 patients who were at increased risk for hepatic encephalopathy(HE), based on clinical evaluation or low pre-TIPS portosystemic gradient(PSG), had 10 mm TIPS sub-maximally dilated to 8 mm(sm TIPS). Group characteristics(age, gender, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, post-TIPS PSG and clinical outcomes were compared between groups, including clinical success(ascites or varices), primary patency,primary assisted patency, and severe post-TIPS HE. A subset of fourteen patients with sm TIPS underwent follow-up computed tomography imaging after TIPS creation, and were grouped based on time of imaging(< 6 mo and > 6 mo). Change in diameter and crosssectional area were measured with 3D imaging software to evaluate for passive expansion.RESULTS Patient characteristics were similar between the sm TIPS and m TIPS groups, except for pre-TIPS portosystemic gradient, which was lower in the sm TIPS group(19.4 mm Hg ± 6.8 vs 22.4 mm Hg ± 7.1, P = 0.01). Primary patency and primary assisted patency between sm TIPS and m TIPS was not significantly different(P = 0.64 and 0.55, respectively). Four of the 55 patients(7%) with sm TIPS required TIPS reduction for severe refractory HE, while this occurred in 6 of the 218 patients(3%) with m TIPS(P = 0.12). For the 14 patients with follow-up computed tomography(CT) imaging, the median imaging follow-up was 373 d. There was an increase in median TIPS diameter, median percent diameter change, median area, and median percent area change in patients with CT follow-up greater than 6 mo after TIPS placement compared to follow-up within 6 mo(8.45 mm, 5.58%, 56.04 mm^2, and 11.48%, respectively, P = 0.01).CONCLUSION Passive expansion of sm TIPS does occur but clinical outcomes of sm TIPS and m TIPS were similar. Sub-maximal dilation can prevent complications related to overshunting in select patients.展开更多
Background and aim:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is a technique successfully used to treat portal hypertension and its complications.However,the choice of the branch,left(L)or right(R),of the port...Background and aim:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is a technique successfully used to treat portal hypertension and its complications.However,the choice of the branch,left(L)or right(R),of the portal vein resulting in a better outcome is still under debate.Therefore,this meta-analysis aims to evaluate which branch has a better curative effect on patients treated with TIPS.Methods:PubMed,EMBASE,Web of science,Cochrane Library databases,Wanfang database and CBM were used for our search in October 2019 and updated in June 2021.The following parameters were used in evaluation:overall mortality,hepatic encephalopathy,shunt dysfunction,variceal rebleeding and rate of postoperative ascites.Results:There were seven studies included.The sample size was 1940.A lower risk of mortality was observed in TIPS-L-treated patients compared with TIPS-R-treated ones(OR=0.65,95%CI=0.50-0.85,p=0.002).A lower risk of shunt dysfunction was observed in TIPS-L-treated patients compared with TIPS-R-treated ones(OR=0.53,95%CI=0.33-0.87,p=0.01).And the TIPS-L group had a significantly higher hepatic encephalopathy-free rate than the TIPS-R group(OR=0.59,95%CI=0.44-0.78,p=0.0002).However,the rate of rebleeding(OR=0.75,95%CI=0.55-1.03,p=0.07)and incidence of postoperative ascites(OR=1.14,95%CI=0.86-1.51,p=0.38)was not statistically significant between the two groups.Conclusions:Based on the currently available evidence,the technique of TIPS through the left branch of the portal vein can significantly reduce the occurrence of overall postoperative mortality,hepatic encephalopathy and shunt dysfunction.展开更多
AIM:To assess the effectiveness of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt(TIPSS) in refractory hepatic hydrothorax(RHH) in a systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis.METHODS:A comprehensive literatu...AIM:To assess the effectiveness of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt(TIPSS) in refractory hepatic hydrothorax(RHH) in a systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis.METHODS:A comprehensive literature search was conducted on MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Pub Med covering the period from January 1970 to August 2014.Two authors independently selected and abstracted data from eligible studies.Data were summarized using a random-effects model.Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test.RESULTS:Six studies involving a total of 198 patients were included in the analysis.The mean(SD) age of patients was 56(1.8) years.Most patients(56.9%) had Child-Turcott-Pugh class C disease.The mean duration of follow-up was 10 mo(range,5.7-16 mo).Response to TIPSS was complete in 55.8%(95%CI:44.7%-66.9%),partial in 17.6%(95%CI:10.9%-24.2%),and absent in 21.2%(95%CI:14.2%-28.3%).The mean change in hepatic venous pressure gradient post-TIPSS was 12.7 mm Hg.The incidence of TIPSS-related encephalopathy was 11.7%(95%CI:6.3%-17.2%),and the 45-d mortality was 17.7%(95%CI:11.34%-24.13%).CONCLUSION:TIPSS is associated with a clinically relevant response in RHH.TIPSS should be considered early in these patients,given its poor prognosis.展开更多
The Baveno VII criteria redefine the management of decompensated liver cirrhosis,introducing the concept of hepatic recompensation marking a significant departure from the conventional view of irreversible decline.Cen...The Baveno VII criteria redefine the management of decompensated liver cirrhosis,introducing the concept of hepatic recompensation marking a significant departure from the conventional view of irreversible decline.Central to this concept is addressing the underlying cause of cirrhosis through tailored therapies,including antivirals and lifestyle modifications.Studies on alcohol,hepatitis C virus,and hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis demonstrate the efficacy of these interventions in improving liver function and patient outcomes.Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)emerges as a promising intervention,effectively resolving complications of portal hypertension and facilitating recompensation.However,optimal timing and patient selection for TIPS remain unresolved.Despite challenges,TIPS offers renewed hope for hepatic recompensation,marking a significant advancement in cirrhosis management.Further research is needed to refine its implementation and maximize its benefits.In conclusion,TIPS stands as a promising avenue for improving hepatic function and patient outcomes in decompensated liver cirrhosis within the framework of the Baveno VII criteria.展开更多
Nowadays,transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)has become a mainstay treatment option for the management of portal hypertension-related complications in liver cirrhosis.Accumulated evidence has shown that...Nowadays,transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)has become a mainstay treatment option for the management of portal hypertension-related complications in liver cirrhosis.Accumulated evidence has shown that its indications are being gradually expanded.Notwithstanding,less attention has been paid for the selection of an appropriate stent during a TIPS procedure.Herein,we attempt to review the current evidence regarding the diameter,type,brand,and position of TIPS stents.Several following recommendations may be considered in the clinical practice:(1)a 10-mm stent may be more effective than an 8-mm stent for the management of portal hypertension,and may be superior to a 12-mm stent for the improvement of survival and shunt patency;(2)covered stents are superior to bare stents for reducing the development of shunt dysfunction;(3)if available,Viatorr stent-grafts may be recommended due to a higher rate of shunt patency;and(4)the placement of a TIPS stent in the left portal vein branch may be more reasonable for decreasingthe development of hepatic encephalopathy.However,given relatively low quality of evidence,prospective well-designed studies should be warranted to further confirm these recommendations.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Gut microbiota(GM)affects the progression and response to treatment in liver diseases.The GM composition is diverse and associated with different etiologies of liver diseases.Notably,alterations in GM alterations are observed in patients with portal hypertension(PH)secondary to cirrhosis,with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection being a major cause of cirrhosis in China.Thus,understanding the role of GM alterations in patients with HBV infection-related PH is essential.AIM To evaluate GM alterations in patients with HBV-related PH after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)placement.METHODS This was a prospective,observational clinical study.There were 30 patients(with a 100%technical success rate)recruited in the present study.Patients with esophagogastric variceal bleeding due to HBV infection-associated PH who underwent TIPS were enrolled.Stool samples were obtained before and one month after TIPS treatment,and GM was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing.RESULTS One month after TIPS placement,8 patients developed hepatic encephalopathy(HE)and were assigned to the HE group;the other 22 patients were assigned to the non-HE group.There was no substantial disparity in the abundance of GM at the phylum level between the two groups,regardless of TIPS treatment(all,P>0.05).However,following TIPS placement,the following results were observed:(1)The abundance of Haemophilus and Eggerthella increased,whereas that of Anaerostipes,Dialister,Butyricicoccus,and Oscillospira declined in the HE group;(2)The richness of Eggerthella,Streptococcus,and Bilophila increased,whereas that of Roseburia and Ruminococcus decreased in the non-HE group;and(3)Members from the pathogenic genus Morganella appeared in the HE group but not in the non-HE group.CONCLUSION Intestinal microbiota-related synergism may predict the risk of HE following TIPS placement in patients with HBVrelated PH.Prophylactic microbiome therapies may be useful for preventing and treating HE after TIPS placement.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program),No.82200650the Key Research and Development Projects of Shanxi Province,No.202102130501014the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,No.202203021211021,No.202203021212046,and No.20210302123258.
文摘BACKGROUND Portal shunt and immune status related to the spleen are related to the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy(HE).It is unknown whether spleen volume before transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is related to postoperative HE.AIM To investigate the relationship between spleen volume and the occurrence of HE.METHODS This study included 135 patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent TIPS,and liver and spleen volumes were elevated upon computed tomography imaging.The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to compare the difference in the incidence rate of HE among patients with different spleen volumes.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the factors affecting overt HE(OHE).Restricted cubic spline was used to examine the shapes of the dose-response association between spleen volumes and OHE risk.RESULTS The results showed that 37(27.2%)of 135 patients experienced OHE during a 1-year follow-up period.Compared with preoperative spleen volume(901.30±471.90 cm3),there was a significant decrease in spleen volume after TIPS(697.60±281.0 cm^(3))in OHE patients.As the severity of OHE increased,the spleen volume significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with patients with a spleen volume≥782.4 cm^(3),those with a spleen volume<782.4 cm^(3) had a higher incidence of HE(P<0.05).Cox regression analysis showed that spleen volume was an independent risk factor for post-TIPS OHE(hazard ratio=0.494,P<0.05).Restricted cubic spline model showed that with an increasing spleen volume,OHE risk showed an initial increase and then decrease(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Spleen volume is related to the occurrence of OHE after TIPS.Preoperative spleen volume is an independent risk factor for post-TIPS OHE.
文摘BACKGROUND Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt(IPSVS)is a rare hepatic disease with different clinical manifestations.Most IPSVS patients with mild shunts are asymptomatic,while the patients with severe shunts present complications such as hepatic encephalopathy.For patients with portal hypertension accompanied by intrahepatic shunt,portal hypertension may lead to hemodynamic changes that may result in exacerbated portal shunt and increased shunt flow.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old man,with the medical history of chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis,was admitted to our hospital with abnormal behavior for 10 mo.He had received the esophageal varices ligation and entecavir therapy 1 year ago.Comparing with former examination results,the degree of esophageal varices was significantly reduced,while the right branch of the portal vein was significantly expanded and tortuous.Meanwhile,abdominal ultrasound presented the right posterior branch of portal vein connected with the retrohepatic inferior vena cava.The imaging findings indicated the diagnosis of IPSVS and hepatic encephalopathy.Instead of radiologic interventions or surgical therapies,this patient had only accepted symptomatic treatment.No recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy was observed during 1-year follow-up.CONCLUSION Hemodynamic changes may exacerbate intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.The intervention or surgery should be carefully applied to patients with severe portal hypertension due to the risk of hemorrhage.
文摘Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is an established procedure for treating the complications of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis.While the pathogenesis of postoperative TIPS-related hepatic encephalopathy(HE)has yet to be fully understood,intraoperative portosystemic shunts may provide a pathological basis for the occurrence of postope-rative HE in patients with liver cirrhosis.Studies at home and abroad have expressed mixed opinions about TIPSrelated HE.This study presents a literature review on the risk factors for and prevention and treatment of perioperative TIPS-related HE in patients with liver cirrhosis,aiming to optimize the procedure and reduce the incidence of postoperative HE.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program,No. 81871461
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)is the gold standard for diagnosis of portal hypertension(PH),invasiveness and potential risks in the process of measurement limited its widespread use.AIM To investigate the correlation of computed tomography(CT)perfusion parameters with HVPG in PH,and quantitatively assess the blood supply changes in liver and spleen parenchyma before and after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS).METHODS Twenty-four PH related gastrointestinal bleeding patients were recruited in this study,and all patients were performed perfusion CT before and after TIPS surgery within 2 wk.Quantitative parameters of CT perfusion,including liver blood volume(LBV),liver blood flow(LBF),hepatic arterial fraction(HAF),spleen blood volume(SBV)and spleen blood flow(SBF),were measured and compared before and after TIPS,and the quantitative parameters between clinically significant PH(CSPH)and non-CSPH(NCSPH)group were also compared.Then the correlation of CT perfusion parameters with HVPG were analyzed,with statistical significance as P<0.05.RESULTS For all 24 PH patients after TIPS,CT perfusion parameters demonstrated decreased LBV, increased HAF, SBV and SBF, with no statistical difference in LBF. Compared withNCSPH, CSPH showed higher HAF, with no difference in other CT perfusion parameters. HAFbefore TIPS showed positive correlation with HVPG (r = 0.530, P = 0.008), while no correlation wasfound in other CT perfusion parameters with HVPG and Child-Pugh scores.CONCLUSIONHAF, an index of CT perfusion, was positive correlation with HVPG, and higher in CSPH thanNCSPH before TIPS. While increased HAF, SBF and SBV, and decreased LBV, were found afterTIPS, which accommodates a potential non-invasive imaging tool for evaluation of PH.
文摘BACKGROUND Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) is currently used for the treatment of complications of portal hypertension. The incidence of hepatic encephalopathy(HE) remains a problem in TIPS placement. It has been reported that the right branch mainly receives superior mesenteric venous blood while the left branch mainly receives blood from the splenic vein. We hypothesized that targeted puncture of the left portal vein would divert the non-nutritive blood from the splenic vein into the TIPS shunt; therefore, targeted puncture of the left branch of the intrahepatic portal vein during TIPS may reduce the risk of HE.AIM To evaluate the influence of targeted puncture of left branch of portal vein in TIPS on HE.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 1244 patients with portal-hypertension-related complications of refractory ascites or variceal bleeding who underwent TIPS from January 2000 to January 2013 was performed. Patients were divided into group A(targeting left branch of portal vein, n = 937) and group B(targeting right branch of portal vein, n = 307). TIPS-related HE and clinical outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS The symptoms of ascites and variceal bleeding disappeared within a short time.By the endpoint of follow-up, recurrent bleeding and ascites did not differ significantly between groups A and B(P = 0.278, P = 0.561, respectively).Incidence of HE differed significantly between groups A and B at 1 mo(14.94% vs36.80%, χ~2 = 4.839, P = 0.028), 3 mo(12.48% vs 34.20%, χ~2 = 5.054, P = 0.025), 6 mo(10.03% vs 32.24%, χ~2 = 6.560, P = 0.010), 9 mo(9.17% vs 31.27%, χ~2 = 5.357, P =0.021), and 12 mo(8.21% vs 28.01, χ~2 = 3.848, P = 0.051). There were no significant differences between groups A and B at 3 years(6.61% vs 7.16%, χ~2 = 1.204, P =0.272) and 5 years(5.01% vs 6.18%, χ~2 = 0.072, P = 0.562). The total survival rate did not differ between groups A and B(χ~2 = 0.226, P = 0.634, log-rank test).CONCLUSION Targeted puncture of the left branch of the intrahepatic portal vein during TIPS may reduce the risk of HE but has no direct influence on prognosis of portalhypertension-related complications.
文摘AIM To assess for passive expansion of sub-maximally dilated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts(TIPS) and compare outcomes with maximally dilated TIPS.METHODS Polytetrafluoroethylene covered TIPS(Viatorr) from July 2002 to December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed at two hospitals in a single institution. Two hundred and thirty patients had TIPS maximally dilated to 10 mm(m TIPS), while 43 patients who were at increased risk for hepatic encephalopathy(HE), based on clinical evaluation or low pre-TIPS portosystemic gradient(PSG), had 10 mm TIPS sub-maximally dilated to 8 mm(sm TIPS). Group characteristics(age, gender, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, post-TIPS PSG and clinical outcomes were compared between groups, including clinical success(ascites or varices), primary patency,primary assisted patency, and severe post-TIPS HE. A subset of fourteen patients with sm TIPS underwent follow-up computed tomography imaging after TIPS creation, and were grouped based on time of imaging(< 6 mo and > 6 mo). Change in diameter and crosssectional area were measured with 3D imaging software to evaluate for passive expansion.RESULTS Patient characteristics were similar between the sm TIPS and m TIPS groups, except for pre-TIPS portosystemic gradient, which was lower in the sm TIPS group(19.4 mm Hg ± 6.8 vs 22.4 mm Hg ± 7.1, P = 0.01). Primary patency and primary assisted patency between sm TIPS and m TIPS was not significantly different(P = 0.64 and 0.55, respectively). Four of the 55 patients(7%) with sm TIPS required TIPS reduction for severe refractory HE, while this occurred in 6 of the 218 patients(3%) with m TIPS(P = 0.12). For the 14 patients with follow-up computed tomography(CT) imaging, the median imaging follow-up was 373 d. There was an increase in median TIPS diameter, median percent diameter change, median area, and median percent area change in patients with CT follow-up greater than 6 mo after TIPS placement compared to follow-up within 6 mo(8.45 mm, 5.58%, 56.04 mm^2, and 11.48%, respectively, P = 0.01).CONCLUSION Passive expansion of sm TIPS does occur but clinical outcomes of sm TIPS and m TIPS were similar. Sub-maximal dilation can prevent complications related to overshunting in select patients.
基金Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province(18JR2RA033)。
文摘Background and aim:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is a technique successfully used to treat portal hypertension and its complications.However,the choice of the branch,left(L)or right(R),of the portal vein resulting in a better outcome is still under debate.Therefore,this meta-analysis aims to evaluate which branch has a better curative effect on patients treated with TIPS.Methods:PubMed,EMBASE,Web of science,Cochrane Library databases,Wanfang database and CBM were used for our search in October 2019 and updated in June 2021.The following parameters were used in evaluation:overall mortality,hepatic encephalopathy,shunt dysfunction,variceal rebleeding and rate of postoperative ascites.Results:There were seven studies included.The sample size was 1940.A lower risk of mortality was observed in TIPS-L-treated patients compared with TIPS-R-treated ones(OR=0.65,95%CI=0.50-0.85,p=0.002).A lower risk of shunt dysfunction was observed in TIPS-L-treated patients compared with TIPS-R-treated ones(OR=0.53,95%CI=0.33-0.87,p=0.01).And the TIPS-L group had a significantly higher hepatic encephalopathy-free rate than the TIPS-R group(OR=0.59,95%CI=0.44-0.78,p=0.0002).However,the rate of rebleeding(OR=0.75,95%CI=0.55-1.03,p=0.07)and incidence of postoperative ascites(OR=1.14,95%CI=0.86-1.51,p=0.38)was not statistically significant between the two groups.Conclusions:Based on the currently available evidence,the technique of TIPS through the left branch of the portal vein can significantly reduce the occurrence of overall postoperative mortality,hepatic encephalopathy and shunt dysfunction.
文摘AIM:To assess the effectiveness of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt(TIPSS) in refractory hepatic hydrothorax(RHH) in a systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis.METHODS:A comprehensive literature search was conducted on MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Pub Med covering the period from January 1970 to August 2014.Two authors independently selected and abstracted data from eligible studies.Data were summarized using a random-effects model.Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test.RESULTS:Six studies involving a total of 198 patients were included in the analysis.The mean(SD) age of patients was 56(1.8) years.Most patients(56.9%) had Child-Turcott-Pugh class C disease.The mean duration of follow-up was 10 mo(range,5.7-16 mo).Response to TIPSS was complete in 55.8%(95%CI:44.7%-66.9%),partial in 17.6%(95%CI:10.9%-24.2%),and absent in 21.2%(95%CI:14.2%-28.3%).The mean change in hepatic venous pressure gradient post-TIPSS was 12.7 mm Hg.The incidence of TIPSS-related encephalopathy was 11.7%(95%CI:6.3%-17.2%),and the 45-d mortality was 17.7%(95%CI:11.34%-24.13%).CONCLUSION:TIPSS is associated with a clinically relevant response in RHH.TIPSS should be considered early in these patients,given its poor prognosis.
文摘The Baveno VII criteria redefine the management of decompensated liver cirrhosis,introducing the concept of hepatic recompensation marking a significant departure from the conventional view of irreversible decline.Central to this concept is addressing the underlying cause of cirrhosis through tailored therapies,including antivirals and lifestyle modifications.Studies on alcohol,hepatitis C virus,and hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis demonstrate the efficacy of these interventions in improving liver function and patient outcomes.Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)emerges as a promising intervention,effectively resolving complications of portal hypertension and facilitating recompensation.However,optimal timing and patient selection for TIPS remain unresolved.Despite challenges,TIPS offers renewed hope for hepatic recompensation,marking a significant advancement in cirrhosis management.Further research is needed to refine its implementation and maximize its benefits.In conclusion,TIPS stands as a promising avenue for improving hepatic function and patient outcomes in decompensated liver cirrhosis within the framework of the Baveno VII criteria.
文摘Nowadays,transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)has become a mainstay treatment option for the management of portal hypertension-related complications in liver cirrhosis.Accumulated evidence has shown that its indications are being gradually expanded.Notwithstanding,less attention has been paid for the selection of an appropriate stent during a TIPS procedure.Herein,we attempt to review the current evidence regarding the diameter,type,brand,and position of TIPS stents.Several following recommendations may be considered in the clinical practice:(1)a 10-mm stent may be more effective than an 8-mm stent for the management of portal hypertension,and may be superior to a 12-mm stent for the improvement of survival and shunt patency;(2)covered stents are superior to bare stents for reducing the development of shunt dysfunction;(3)if available,Viatorr stent-grafts may be recommended due to a higher rate of shunt patency;and(4)the placement of a TIPS stent in the left portal vein branch may be more reasonable for decreasingthe development of hepatic encephalopathy.However,given relatively low quality of evidence,prospective well-designed studies should be warranted to further confirm these recommendations.
文摘目的评估内镜序贯经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)治疗肝硬化急性食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血(EGVB)的安全性及有效性。方法将2019年9月—2021年3月接受内镜序贯TIPS治疗的肝硬化急性EGVB 31例作为内镜序贯TIPS组,将接受单纯内镜序贯治疗的46例作为内镜序贯组。观察内镜序贯TIPS组门静脉压力梯度变化情况,比较2组静脉曲张改善程度及肝功能变化,术后1、3、6、12个月再出血率及肝性脑病发生率,随访结束后分析2组生存情况。结果内镜序贯TIPS组术后门静脉压力梯度低于术前(P<0.01)。内镜序贯TIPS组术后丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)术后1个月高于其他时点(P<0.05),术后3个月开始下降;内镜序贯TIPS组术后血清胆红素升高,术后3个月直接胆红素(DBIL)和间接胆红素(IBIL)升至高峰,术后6个月逐渐下降(P<0.05)。内镜序贯组术后3、7 d ALT、AST较术前降低,ALB较术前升高(P<0.05);术后1个月总胆红素(TBIL)水平低于术前(P<0.05);术后7 d及术后1、3个月DBIL低于术前(P<0.05)。2组术后静脉曲张根除率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。内镜序贯TIPS组术后6、12个月再出血率低于内镜序贯组(P<0.01);2组术后肝性脑病发生率及术后1年生存率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TIPS可降低门静脉压力,静脉曲张根除率与内镜序贯治疗相当,但可有效降低再出血率,而并不降低生存率且不增加肝性脑病发生率。内镜序贯TIPS治疗肝硬化EVGB安全有效。