Chemical composition and biological activities of Portulaca oleracea

Portulaca oleracea(P.oleracea)is a traditional Chinese herbal that has the effects of soothing the liver and clearing collaterals,strengthening the spleen and stomach,moistening the intestines and detoxifying.With the development of the pharmaceutical industry,the medicinal value of P.oleracea is becoming increasingly prominent.It is commonly used in clinical practice for clearing heat and detoxifying,inhibiting bacteria,preventing and treating diseases such as hypertension,coronary heart disease,and cerebral infarction,indicating its broad application prospects.This study reviews the chemical components and pharmacological activities of P.oleracea in recent decades.

Chemical Constituents from Portulaca oleracea L.

Portulaca oleracea L. is distributed widely in China and some othercountries, which is included in the pharmacopoeias of China. In tradition, it is used in thetreatment of atheroma, and also used as antifungal and antiviral agents now. It also decreases bloodsugar, enhances immunity and adjusts blood lipids. The anticancer and antifungal effects ofPortulaca oleracea L. were reported in several patents. But no active component has been found. Inthis study, the chemical compositions from Portulaca oleracea L. were investigated to provideevidence for the activity of Portulaca oleracea L. .

Study on the Insecticidal and Antifeedant Activity of Extracts from Portulaca oleracea L. on Aphis sp.

[Objective] The experiment studied on insecticidal and antifeedant action of on Portulaca oleracea L.to provide theoretical basis for developing a new botanical insecticide by taking Portulaca oleracea L.as a raw material.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the ethanol extracts and 5 kinds of extracts with petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,water from Portulaca oleracea L..against Aphis sp.was studied;Leaves are using drug treatments of 5 extracts anti-feedant activity of Aphis sp.[Result] The results showed that 95% ethanol extract displayed high contact activity to Aphis sp.The corrected mortality after 48 h reached 95.4 % under the concentration of 50.00 mg·ml-1 and the insecticidal activities of 5 extracts against Aphis sp.was in the order that petroleum ether > chloroform > n-butanol > ethyl acetate >water.Five kinds of anti-feeding activity in the extract of the order for the water> ethyl acetate> n-butanol > chloroform >petroleum ether.[Conclusion] The extract from Portulaca oleracea L.has a strong contact toxicity of pesticide active on Aphis sp.substances and for a small polar compounds,the strong anti-feeding activity is a kind of larger polar compounds.

恶性杂草马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)种子萌发特性的研究

为了明确恶性杂草马齿苋种子的萌发特性,本文研究了温度、光照、pH、水势、盐分及土层深度对其种子萌发的影响。结果表明:马齿苋种子在光照L∥D=14h∥10h、温度白天32℃,晚上28℃的变温条件下萌发率最高,为92%。马齿苋种子萌发适宜的酸碱度范围较宽,在5<pH<10范围内,60%以上的种子均可萌发。马齿苋种子萌发率在水势为0～-0.8MPa范围内从89.17%降低至43.33%,即马齿苋种子在较干旱的环境下仍可以萌发。马齿苋种子耐盐性较强,当NaCl浓度为160mmol/L时,其种子萌发率仍高达53.33%。当马齿苋种子位于土壤表层时,其萌发率最高,达90.83%,土层深度的增加会严重抑制其萌发生长。说明马齿苋种子的萌发受环境影响较大,掌握各种环境因子对其种子的影响,采取并制定有效的综合管理措施以遏制其进一步危害叶菜类蔬菜。

马齿苋Portulaca oleracea的化学成分

从马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到4个化合物,经MS和NMR等波谱技术分析,并结合文献对照,确定其结构分别为谷甾-4-烯-3-醇(1),谷甾-5-烯-3-醇(2),friedelan-4-αmethyl-3-βOH(3)和β-胡萝卜甙(4),其中化合物1,2,4为首次从该类植物中分离.初步评价了化合物3的抗肿瘤活性.

Effects of Portulaca Oleracea on Insulin Resistance in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: To study the effects of Portulaca oler acea, a Chinese medicinal herb, on insulin resistance in rats with type 2 diabet es mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Experimental model of T2DM was established by injection of streptozotocin (25mg/kg) and feeding with high calorie forage. The effects o f Portulaca oleracea on oral glucose tolerance, serum levels of insulin, triglyc eride, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins cholesterol and free f atty acids, and insulin sensitivity index were all observed. Results: Portulaca oleracea could reduce the body weight, improve the impaired glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism, decrease serum free fatty acids, attenuate hyperinsulinemia and elevate insulin sensitivity. Conclusion: Portulaca oleracea could improve insulin resistance i n rats with T2DM, and the mechanism might be related to its actions in improving lipid metabolism and decreasing free fatty acids.

热带花卉植物半支莲(Portulaca grandiflora Hook.)观赏性状的化学调控研究

为了解决热带花卉植物半支莲(Portulaca grandiflora Hook.)茎干生长过长又肉质柔软而影响观赏期这一缺陷,培育出优良的半支莲盆花,以半支莲盆花为材料,选用不同浓度的植物生长调节剂氯化氯胆碱、PP333和S-3307D的单剂和复配剂,对其观赏性状进行化学调控。结果表明,对半支莲盆花地上部喷施50%氯化氯胆碱400倍液+5%S-3307D800倍液和50%氯化氯胆碱200倍液+5%S-3307D400倍液2种复配剂,在20d时测定,盆花的主茎生长速率显著小于对照和其他处理,第1种复配剂的花朵数增长率和花蕾数增长率显著大于对照和其他所有处理;40d时测定,此2种复配剂的主茎生长速率仍显著小于对照和其他处理,但第1种复配剂的花朵数增长率和花蕾数增长率仍显著大于对照和其他所有处理,其观赏性状的调控效果显著优于对照和其他处理。且50%氯化氯胆碱400倍液+5%S-3307D800倍液的配伍显著优于氯化氯胆碱和S-3307D各自单剂的调控效果,2种药品此浓度的配伍具有显著的协同调控作用。氯化氯胆碱和S-3307D原料来源较丰富,价格便宜,剂型较稳定,是具有较好开发前景的半支莲盆花观赏性状的化学调控剂。

Optimization of ISSR-PCR System and Conditions for Portulaca oleracea L.

With Portulaca oleracea L. as an experimental material, its total DNA was extracted by the improved CTAB method, the ISSR-PCR primers were screened, and the ISSR-PCR reaction system and reaction conditions for P. oleracea were Optimized. The results showed that there were 8 primers suitable for ISSR-PCR of P. oleracea. The optimal reaction system had a volume of 25 μl, including 2 x Taq Platinum PCR Master Mix 12.5 μl, primer 2 μl, ddH20 9.5 μl, and DNA template 1μl. The optimized ISSR-PCR of P. oleracea was started with pre-denaturation at 94 ℃ for 360 s, followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 94 ℃ for 60 s, annealing at 54 ℃ for 60 s and extension at 72 ℃ for 90 s, and completed by extension at 72 ℃ for 300 s.

Study on Seed Dormancy and Germination Characteristics of Portulaca pilosa

To improve understanding of Portulaca pilosa seed germination and lay technical foundation for seedling cultivation,this paper studies the characteristics of dormancy and germination of Portulaca pilosa seed. Research indicates that its primary seed dormancy period is about25 d,dormancy can be completely released by storage at room temperature for 30 d; the seed is positively photoblastic seed that can't sprout and can be induced into dormancy in low light conditions; the dormancy-released seed is more sensitive to light when compared with the freshly picked seed,and the germination peak arises 1 d earlier; Portulaca pilosa seed favorites humid conditions,and the higher the soil moisture,the higher the germination rate and germination energy of the seed. The dormancy-released seeds should be used for Portulaca pilosa seedling cultivation,and after the germination is accelerated for 2- 3 d in the light conditions,the seeds are sown on the soil surface,and covered with transparent plastic film to keep moisture and light,which is conducive to the emergence of seeds.

Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution by <i>Portulaca oleracea</i>Leaves: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies

Portulaca oleracea leaves are tested as an agriculture adsorbent material for reducing Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The pH of solution, adsorbent dose, shaking speed and particles size of adsorbent were constants at all adsorption experiments. Effects of contact time on adsorption capacity of Pb(II) onto Portulaca oleracea leaves were studied. The adsorption capacity increased as the contact time increased and reached equilibrium at one hour. Kinetic models including a first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion equations were selected to follow the adsorption process. The process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic and the intra-particle diffusion is the main step to interpret the mechanism of adsorption. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radush Kevich (D-R) isotherm models were applied to describe adsorption equilibrium data. Results proved that the Langmuir isotherm model gave an acceptable fit to the experimental data more than Freundlich isotherm model. Maximum adsorption capacities obtained were 192.3, 333.3 and 434 mg/g at 295, 303 and 310 K, respectively. According to D-R isotherm data, the adsorption process is classified as physical adsorption. Thermodynamically, the adsorption process is non spontaneous, endothermic and random in nature.

Portulaca oleracea Leaf Aqueous Lyophilized Extract Reduces Hyperglycemia and Improves Antioxidant Status of Red Blood Cells and Liver in Streptozotocin-lnduced Diabetic Wistar Rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of Po （Portulaca oleracea） lyophilised aqueous extract in diabetic male Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced intraperitonially by a single injection of STZ （streptozotocin） （60 mg/kg bw （body weight））. Twenty diabetic rats, weighing 263 ± 5 g, were divided into two groups fed a casein diet supplemented or not with Po extract （1 g/kg bw）, for four weeks. Control group （n = 6） received 0.23-0.25 mL of citrate buffer and was fed a standard diet during the experiment. The study was carried out at Oran University, Algeria and the entire experiments lasted from September 2011 to July 2012. Blood was obtained from the abdominal aorta of rats after fasting overnight and standard methods were used for the extraction of spices, determination of glycemia, insulinemia, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activities. Portulaca oleracea treated compared to untreated rats, glycemia and HbAIc values were respectively 2.8- and 1.7-fold lower. TBARS （thiobarbituric acid reactive substances） concentrations were reduced in RBC （red blood cells） （-54%） and plasma （-65%）. Moreover, in liver and kidney, TBARS values were respectively 1.8- and 2-fold lower. SOD （superoxide dismutase） and GSH-Px （glutathione peroxidase） activities were increased respectively by ＋38% and ＋85%, in liver. GSSG-Red （glutathione reductase） activity was 1.9-fold higher in kidney, while CAT （catalase） was improved in kidney （＋48%）. In RBCs, SOD, GSH-Px, GSSH-Red and CAT activities were increased by 31%, 42%, 56% and ＋50%, respectively. These data have cast a new light on the actions of Portulaca oleracea and its antioxidant potential benefits in preventing diabetes and its complications.

Nutraceutical health benefit and safety utility of Portulaca oleracea: A review focus on neuroendocrine function

Background:Portulaca oleracea L.,a traditional medicine with bioactive compounds like flavonoids and omega-3 fatty acids,has gained interest in its neuroendocrine and toxicological effects.Objectives:The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on the neuroendocrine and toxicological activities of Portulaca oleracea.This review also highlights the potential mechanisms of action of these activities.Methods:A literature search was conducted using various databases such as PubMed,ScienceDirect,and Google Scholar.Keywords such as’Portulaca oleracea’,’purslane’,’neuroendocrine activity’,and’toxicological activity’were used to identify relevant articles.Only studies published in English were included in this review.Results:Portulaca oleracea has been found to improve testicular and cognitive function as well as memory in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral ischemia due to its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory properties,anti-anxiety and anti-depressant effects.On the other hand,Portulaca oleracea has also been reported to possess toxicological activities.Studies have shown that high doses of Portulaca oleracea extract can cause liver and kidney damage in animal models.The toxic effects of Portulaca oleracea are thought to be due to the presence of oxalates and nitrates in the plant.However,these toxic effects have not been observed in human studies,where Portulaca oleracea was found to be safe for consumption.Conclusion:In conclusion,Portulaca oleracea,a medicinal plant with potential health benefits,has neuroendocrine effects like neuroprotective,anxiolytic,and anti-depressant properties.However,high doses should be used cautiously due to potential toxicological effects.

Portulaca oleracea alleviates CCl4-induced acute liver injury by regulating hepatic S100A8 and S100A9

Objective: Acute liver injury(ALF) is a potential factor of many serious hepatopathies. Carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) is a possible environmental toxicant that can induce ALF. Portulaca oleracea(PO) is one of the most popular edible herbs and has several biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory effects. We explored the significance of PO in regulating inflammatory function in animal models and cultured hepatocytes during liver damage caused by CCl4.Methods: The effect of PO on ALF was evaluated by CCl4-induced mice models in vivo. Hepatic levels of transaminase activities and inflammatory factors were examined. The gene and protein expression of S100A8 and S100A9 were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Meanwhile, the efficacy of PO was certified by HepG2 cells in vitro. The transaminase activities, inflammatory factors, and the protein expression of S100A8 and S100A9 were also detected.Results: Animal tests showed that pretreatment with PO reduced the liver pathological tissue damage and the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALT and LDH, as well as reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-a) secretion in CCl4-induced liver injury mice. Simultaneously, Hep G2 cells pretreated with PO exhibited a significant decrease in the activities of ALT and AST. Moreover, PO resulted in a significant downregulation of the pro-inflammatory markers S100A8, S100A9 gene and protein expression on CCl4induced acute liver injury was demonstrated entirely in vivo and vitro experiments.Conclusion: PO may down-regulate S100A8 and S100A9 and inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines’ release,indicating a potential clinical effect for controlling the disease.

响应面法优化马齿苋总多酚提取工艺及其抗氧化活性分析

以马齿苋为原料,采用超声辅助提取马齿苋总多酚。以总多酚提取量为指标,在单因素试验的基础上通过响应面法优化提取工艺,并分析马齿苋总多酚的抗氧化活性。结果表明:最佳提取工艺为液料比30:1(mL/g)提取温度45℃、乙醇体积分数60%、提取时间40min,在此条件下马齿苋总多酚提取量为6.89mg/g。抗氧化试验表明,马齿苋总多酚具有较好的抗氧化活性。

纤维素酶辅助提取马齿苋总黄酮工艺优化及抑菌分析研究

用纤维素酶处理马齿苋,利用响应面设计,从纤维素酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度、酶解pH值四个因素优化纤维素酶处理后的黄酮提取率。对马齿苋提取物粗粉中的总黄酮进行抑菌试验。结果表明:脱脂后的马齿苋经测定黄酮类化合物含量为5.32%。最佳工艺条件为酶解温度50℃,酶的添加量0.6%,酶解时间1.8 h,酶解的pH值4.5,所得黄酮提取率6.09%,与未经酶处理相比,提取率提高1.14倍。对验证试验的黄酮粗粉进行抑菌试验,表明对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有抑制作用,其中对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果较好。马齿苋经过纤维素酶酶解后,黄酮分子从细胞内溶出,提高马齿苋黄酮的提取率,提取的黄酮粗粉有抑菌活性,本研究为马齿苋黄酮的分离纯化、功能性研究提供支持。

马齿苋活性成分及在化妆品中的功效

马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea L.)是一种常见的中草药植物,含有黄酮类化合物、生物碱类化合物、有机酸类化合物等丰富的活性成分,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗过敏等药理活性,且已被应用于化妆品中。对马齿苋活性成分及在化妆品中的功效等方面的研究进展进行了综述,以期为今后马齿苋的深入研究和开发应用提供理论支持。

茎叶处理除草剂对马齿苋的防除效果评价

为了筛选对马齿苋防除效果好的除草剂,采用盆栽试验比较分析10种茎叶处理除草剂对马齿苋的防效。结果表明,在试验所设剂量,20%氯氟吡氧乙酸乳油、25%氟磺胺草醚水剂对2叶期-4叶期和6叶期-8叶期马齿苋防效可达100%。38%莠去津悬浮剂、480 g·L^(-1)麦草畏水剂和480 g·L^(-1)灭草松水剂对2叶期-4叶期马齿苋防效达100%,对6叶期-8叶期马齿苋有很好的抑制作用,鲜重防效好。30%苯唑草酮悬浮剂对2叶期-4叶期马齿苋鲜重防效为90.7%,但不能有效防除6叶期-8叶期马齿苋。40 g·L^(-1)烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂、10%硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂、25%辛酰溴苯腈乳油和84%氯酯磺草胺水分散粒剂不能有效防除马齿苋。

马齿苋中抗炎活性物质的提取、分离及结构鉴定

以活性物质示踪为导向,建立脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型对马齿苋中的抗炎物质进行跟踪,采用柱层析提取法、硅胶柱色谱分离法、制备液相色谱法及气相色谱-质谱联用技术对抗炎物质进行提取分离和结构鉴定。结果表明,石油醚-乙醇、无水乙醇和纯水溶剂依次对马齿苋样品进行提取,三种粗提物将细胞中一氧化氮(Nitric Oxide,NO)的分泌量分别减少至33.13、25.83和20.53μmol/L,其中石油醚相粗提物的抑制效果最强(P<0.05)。对石油醚相进一步分离得到四个组分,Fr.1、Fr.2和Fr.3组分具有较强的抗炎效果,但Fr.1和Fr.2组分含有潜在的毒性成分,选择Fr.3组分继续分离。Fr.3组分经硅胶柱分离得到三个组分,Fr.3.1组分表现出最强的抑制NO的分泌量效果(11.80μmol/L)。经制备液相色谱进一步纯化及气质分析,确定Fr.3.1组分的主要成分为硬脂酸(47.09%)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(13.21%)和其他成分。该研究建立了一种从马齿苋中分离纯化出抗炎物质方法,为马齿苋的开发利用提供理论参考。

低糖马齿苋紫薯酱加工工艺优化及其产品品质评价

为了满足消费者对口味多样化、健康饮食的需求,开发一种低糖、零防腐剂的新型复合果酱的科学配方和先进制造方法。以富含人体健康功能因子的马齿苋和紫薯为主要原料,通过单因素实验和正交试验优化了马齿苋紫薯酱的配方,并对最终产品及其贮藏期间的营养物质、理化和卫生指标进行了测定。结果表明,低糖马齿苋紫薯酱的最佳配方为:马齿苋茎叶汁紫薯块根浆质量比为5:5,柠檬酸添加量为0.3%,山梨糖醇添加量为25%,增稠剂添加量为0.4%。按此配方制得的马齿苋紫薯酱色泽呈紫红色,酱体均匀,口感细腻,酸甜适中,具有马齿苋和紫薯特有的香味,感官评分为90.5±0.4分。最终产品的可溶性固形物为42.32%±1.43%,总糖为13.41±0.52 g/100 g,pH3.61±0.18,粗蛋白为0.83±0.08 g/100 g,VC为3.77±0.11 mg/100 g,黄酮为4.18±0.10 mg/g,多酚为2.05±0.13 mg/g,花青素为37.27±0.84 mg/100 g,以上理化指标及卫生指标均达到果酱类的国家标准。马齿苋紫薯酱对DPPH自由基的IC50值为7.071 mg/mL,表明该酱具有一定的抗氧化活性。马齿苋紫薯酱分别在25℃和37℃条件下贮藏1个月后,感官评分及各营养成分均有一定程度下降,菌落总数有所增加,但仍符合果酱国家标准。本项研究结果可为马齿苋和紫薯的精深加工及马齿苋紫薯酱的标准化生产提供参考依据。

多酚氧化酶催化马齿苋提取物对真丝织物的染色

为开发天然染料生态染色体系,选用漆酶、酪氨酸酶催化的马齿苋提取物对真丝织物进行染色。探讨生物酶种类、酶催化温度及染色参数对织物K/S值及色牢度的影响,综合运用多种表征手段分析染色过程及机理。结果表明,漆酶在40℃下催化提取物1 h即可提高织物的染色深度。在染色温度80℃、pH为7的条件下染色3 h,所得丝织物的K/S值为2.639,耐皂洗和耐摩擦色牢度达到4级及以上。漆酶催化提取物对丝织物的上染过程符合准二级动力学模型,属于化学吸附;电子鼻传感器响应雷达图显示提取物经漆酶催化后染得的织物散发出非常浓郁的芳香气味。