Opportunities of Doubling Indian Farmers Income by Post Harvest Value Addition to Agricultural Produce

The governments across the developing countries are facing a challenge of steadily increasing population,maintaining balance in demand and supply of food and upliftment in socio-economic status of farming community.Among the leading developing countries,India has successfully increased agricultural crop production by fourfold,thus having at most potential for adoption of secondary agriculture practices after harvest of farm produce.Post-harvest processing of agricultural produce like milling of cereals and pulses,extraction of oil from oilseed crops,development of value added ready to eat and ready to serve food product etc.not only facilitate efficient utilization of crop produce but also check losses fetching better returns to the farmers/entrepreneurs.Post-harvest processing operations at the production catchment area helps in minimizing post harvest losses,helps in generating employment opportunities in rural areas,purity assured products in turn open window for the developed products to qualify for wider market.

Farmers’ Practices for the Orchard’s Maintenance and Post-Harvest Treatment of Cocoa in Infiltrated Classified and Unclassified Zone of Méagui (South-West, Côte d’Ivoire)

An important part of Ivorian cocoa production comes from infiltrated classified forests. The objective of this study is to investigate orchard maintenance and post-harvest cocoa treatment practices used by cocoa farmers in infiltrated classified and unclassified areas of Méagui. To do this, 110 producers in two localities of the said zone were individually interviewed from February to April 2022, using a declarative questionnaire. It was found that cocoa orchards in the zone are aging. Nearly 68.55% of producers were heirs and 58.33% of those interviewed were under 46 years of age, with an average age of 43 years. Nearly 84.55% of the producers surveyed mainly use chemical insecticides to control the pests of greatest concern in these localities. Regarding the frequency of insecticide treatments, 11.82% of producers make 1 to 2 applications a year, 29.09% make 3 to 5 applications a year, and 43.64% make at least 6 applications a year. The active substances of the most used products belong to 99% of the Neonicotinoid and Pyrethroid families. Regarding cocoa harvesting and post-harvest operations, 93.64% of the producers carry out a single harvest/month;all do the shelling with mini machetes. Beans are fermented mainly in black plastic tarpaulins or in bags, for a period of 3 to 5 days (65.45%). Drying is done almost entirely (91.82%) on the black plastic tarp. This study shows that cocoa farmers in the areas surveyed do not respect the recommendations issued on phytosanitary practices and post-harvest treatment of cocoa. This non-compliance with the standards of good practices prescribed is particularly more accentuated in the locality located in infiltrated classified zone. It would, therefore, be judicious to revise or redefine the phytosanitary recommendations and carry out sensitization and training-follow-up programs for producers in this important cocoa production area of C?te d’Ivoire.

Influence of Harvest Periods on Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Agronomic Traits and Physiological Response to Post-Harvest Physiological Deterioration

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the third largest source of calories in tropical countries and the sixth most important food crop in the World. However, the short shelf life of its storage roots after harvest due to a rapid post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD) makes the roots to be considered as a risky product to market. The objectives of this work were to investigate the influence of two harvest periods on cassava agronomic parameters and their physiological response to PPD. Three cassava cultivars 96/1414, I070593 and LMR were selected for the experiment and harvested at 10 and 12 months after planting (MAP). The response to PPD was assessed during storage at 0, 3, 8 and 15 days after harvest (DAH). Total proteins content, soluble sugars and starch, total polyphenols compounds, polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activities were recorded during storage. Results showed large variation among the parameters at the two harvest periods across the cultivars. High number of tubers was recorded in all the cultivars at 12 MAP and a significant increase in storage roots length was observed in 96/1414 and LMR from 10 MAP to 12 MAP (25 ± 5.1 to 41.3 ± 5.9 and 22.6 ± 3.3 to 27.9 ± 4.8) respectively. A reduction of about 49% of tubers weight was observed in I070593 from 10 to 12 MAP while an increase of about 36% and 11% were recorded in LMR and 96/1414 respectively. Tubers from I070593 showed less susceptibility to PPD when harvested at 10 MAP compared to those from LMR and 96/1414 where less susceptibility to PPD were recorded at 12 MAP. An increase in soluble sugars content, total proteins content and peroxidase activity subsequently to a decrease in starch content were recorded during storage from 8 to 15 days after harvest especially at 10 MAP in I070593 and at 12 MAP in LMR and 96/1414. High content of total phenolic compounds and less activity of polyphenol oxidase were correlated to PPD susceptibility. This work opens a new insight issue of the consideration of the appropriate harvest time of the cultivars as a tool to better control the onset of postharvest physiological deterioration.

Farmers’ Practices for the Orchard’s Maintenance and Post-Harvest Treatment of Cocoa in Infiltrated Classified and Unclassified Zone of Méagui (South-West, Côte d’Ivoire)

An important part of Ivorian cocoa production comes from infiltrated classified forests. The objective of this study is to investigate orchard maintenance and post-harvest cocoa treatment practices used by cocoa farmers in infiltrated classified and unclassified areas of Méagui. To do this, 110 producers in two localities of the said zone were individually interviewed from February to April 2022, using a declarative questionnaire. It was found that cocoa orchards in the zone are aging. Nearly 68.55% of producers were heirs and 58.33% of those interviewed were under 46 years of age, with an average age of 43 years. Nearly 84.55% of the producers surveyed mainly use chemical insecticides to control the pests of greatest concern in these localities. Regarding the frequency of insecticide treatments, 11.82% of producers make 1 to 2 applications a year, 29.09% make 3 to 5 applications a year, and 43.64% make at least 6 applications a year. The active substances of the most used products belong to 99% of the Neonicotinoid and Pyrethroid families. Regarding cocoa harvesting and post-harvest operations, 93.64% of the producers carry out a single harvest/month;all do the shelling with mini machetes. Beans are fermented mainly in black plastic tarpaulins or in bags, for a period of 3 to 5 days (65.45%). Drying is done almost entirely (91.82%) on the black plastic tarp. This study shows that cocoa farmers in the areas surveyed do not respect the recommendations issued on phytosanitary practices and post-harvest treatment of cocoa. This non-compliance with the standards of good practices prescribed is particularly more accentuated in the locality located in infiltrated classified zone. It would, therefore, be judicious to revise or redefine the phytosanitary recommendations and carry out sensitization and training-follow-up programs for producers in this important cocoa production area of C?te d’Ivoire.

Impact of post harvest treatment on antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of Moringa oleifera lam leaves

Moringa oleifera leaves are an important source of dietary phytochemicals,such as flavonoids with high antioxidant activity(AOA).These components are however influenced by the post-harvest treatments applied as well as the processing conditions.Hence,it is crucial to determine the most appropriate post-harvest treatment that preserves or enhances AOA.To this effect the influence of steam blanching,fermentation/oxidation,oven drying and roasting of fresh Moringa leaves on their AOA was investigated.Processing conditions of time and temperature for each treatment were optimised using response surface methodology.The effect of the different treatments at optimal conditions on phenolic profile and AOA were compared.Roasting achieved the most significant(p<0.05)improvement in phenolics(43%)and AOA(22–31%),which was accompanied by the formation of 2 new compounds,quercetin-3-O-acetylglucoside and Quercetine-3-O-rhamnoside.Steam blanching had the most deleterious effect on phenolics(-31%)and AOA.Post-harvest treatments qualitatively and quantitatively affect phytochemical profile of Moringa leaves.

Effects of Chlorine Dioxide Gas on Postharvest Physiology and Storage Quality of Green Bell Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.var.Longrum)

The effects of treatment of chlorine dioxide （C1Oz） gas on postharvest physiology and preservation quality of green bell peppers were studied. Green bell peppers were collected in bags and treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg L^-1 ClO2 gas at 10±0.5℃ for over 40 d, and the changes in postharvest physiology and preservation quality of the peppers were evaluated during the storage. The inhibition of rot of the peppers was observed for all the tested ClO2 gas treatments. The rot rates of the treated samples were 50% lesser than those of the control after day 40 of storage. The highest inhibitory effect was obtained after 50 mg L^-1 ClO2 gas treatment, where the peppers did not decay until day 30 and showed only one-fourth of the rot rate of the control at day 40 of storage. The respiratory activity of the peppers was significantly （P〈0.05） inhibited by 20 and 50 mg L^-1 ClO2 treatments, whereas no significant effects on respiratory activity were observed with 5 and 10 mg L^-1 ClO2 treatments （P〉0.05）. Except for 50 mg L^-1 ClO2, malondialdenyde （MDA） contents in the peppers treated with 5, 10, or 20 mg L^-1 ClO2 were not significantly （P〉0.05） different from those in the control. Degradation of chlorophyll in the peppers was delayed by 5 mg L-1ClO2, but promoted by 10, 20, or 50 mg L^-1 ClO2. The vitamin C content, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids of the peppers treated by all the tested ClO2 gas did not significantly change during the storage. The results suggested that ClO2 gas treatment effectively delayed the postharvest physiological transformation of green peppers, inhibited decay and respiration, maintained some nutritional and sensory quality, and retarded MDA accumulation.

Cannabis Indoor Growing Conditions, Management Practices, and Post-Harvest Treatment: A Review

Cannabis has attracted a new wave of research attention as an herbal medicine. To deliver compliant, uniform, and safe cannabis medicine, growers should optimize growing environments on a site-specific basis. Considering that environmental factors are interconnected, changes in a factor prompts adjustment of other factors. This paper reviews existing work that considers indoor growing conditions (light, temperature, CO2 concentration, humidity, growing media, and nutrient supply), management practices (irrigation, fertilization, pruning & training, and harvest timing), and post-harvest treatment (drying and storage) for cannabis indoor production.

Effect of Post-Harvest Handling and Ripening Methods on Quality and Shelf-Life of Banana

Banana (Musa spp.) is a highly perishable fruit that requires special handling. In Eritrea, post-harvest handling practices are characterized to be poor and as a result, poor fruit quality and high post-harvest loss are common. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different post-harvest handling and ripening methods on quality and shelf-life of banana. A Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used for evaluating a combination of two levels of post-harvest handling and four ripening methods in a factorial combination conducted in the laboratory of Horticulture at Hamelmalo Agricultural College. Peel colour change, physiological weight loss, pulp to peel ratio, total soluble solids (TSS), pulp pH, ripening period and shelf life were parameters studied. The results showed fruits treated with ripened tomato showed improved characteristics in all parameters compared to those treated with smoke from kerosene burning or mixed with moringa leaf. Similarly, fruits brought directly from the farm were better than those collected from the ripening room after passing the conventional post-harvest handling. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that ripening of banana with the help of tomato improves fruit quality and shelf life. Thus, it can be a safe and better alternative to smoking from kerosene burning. While moringa leaf has no potential as an alternative.

Identification of Post-Harvest Operations Related to the Contamination of <i>Arachis hypogaea</i>L. (Groundnut) by Mycotoxins in the Province of Mayo Kebbi Ouest in the Republic of Chad

Good practice in post-harvest operations depends on the contamination of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea) by mycotoxins. The objective of this study is to identify farmers’ practices that pose a risk to the post-harvest preservation of the fruits of Arachis hypogaea in the province of Mayo Kebbi Ouest. Data collection was carried out using a farmer survey sheet based on a questionnaire on drying and storage techniques and losses related to groundnut harvesting. The study revealed that the fruits of Arachis hypogaea are dried on the fields and stored in shells or pods in polyethylene bags. The latter can be kept for up to 6 months in the shop (44%), in the attic (25.3%), in living quarters (18.7%) and both in the attic and in houses (12%). The level of post-harvest losses is due on the one hand to post-harvest diseases (60%) and the presence of insects on the crops (32%) and on the other hand to the germination of seeds (8%) after the harvest due to heavy rains. This loss on a scale of 2% to 10% is 74.7% and 10% to 50% is 25.3%. Drying and storage techniques in these localities represent a risk of mycotoxin contamination of groundnuts. Raising farmers’ awareness of harvest management techniques to preserve the sanitary quality of groundnuts would be important.

Influence of Post-Harvest Storage Technologies on Weight and Rate Losses and Sensory Profile of Cola Nuts (<i>Cola nitida</i>) Produced in Côte d’Ivoire

The conservation of cola nuts (Cola nitida) poses a real problem in C&ocirc;te d’Ivoire because of the post-harvest losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of post-harvest technologies on organoleptic and physical properties of cola nut during storage. A biopesticide, glucose syrup and biopesticide + glucose syrup were applied to fresh cola nuts before conditioning and kept at 28&deg;C for 6 weeks. Physicochemical and sensory analyses were performed to check the quality of the nuts during storage. The results showed that the biopesticide keep cola nuts better than the others methods with only 11.66% ± 3.04% and 13.66% ± 3.95% of loss rates for white and red cola nuts respectively. Cola nuts treated with bio-pesticide retain significantly their freshness with 62.00% ± 1.15% of moisture for white nuts and 64.00% ± 2.00% of moisture for red nuts compared to those treated with glucose syrup and bio-pesticide + glucose syrup (56.66% ± 1.15%). Cola nuts treated with biopesticide have a better acceptability compared to those subjected to others treatments. The use of biopesticide for the storage of cola nuts minimizes the losses and maintains the quality whatever the type of cola.

不同浓度柠檬酸溶液浸泡处理对带壳方竹鲜笋采后贮藏品质的影响

为探究柠檬酸溶液对带壳方竹鲜笋采后的保鲜效果,以带壳方竹鲜笋为试验材料,将采挖后的方竹鲜笋分组浸泡于蒸馏水、1%、4%、7%和10%的柠檬酸水溶液中3 min,取出后沥干表面水分,然后将其贮藏于(1.0±0.3)℃保鲜库内60 d,每15 d测定一次相关指标,以探索不同浓度的柠檬酸溶液对带壳方竹鲜笋的保鲜效果。结果表明,柠檬酸处理能有效降低方竹鲜笋的腐烂率、褐变率、失重率和呼吸强度,其中,LMS-7处理组在贮藏到60 d时,腐烂率、褐变率分别为25.32%和27.54%,而对照组的腐烂率(54.42%)为其2.15倍,褐变率(62.34%)为其2.26倍,此外,柠檬酸处理还能延缓方竹鲜笋中部和顶部硬度的上升,贮藏后期还能维持多酚、VC、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白的含量,贮藏60 d时,LMS-7处理组的VC含量(1.63 mg/100 g)是对照组(1.07 mg/100 g)的1.52倍。因此,采用柠檬酸处理带壳方竹鲜笋,能有效提升方竹鲜笋贮藏期间的品质,其中,以质量分数为7%的柠檬酸溶液处理综合效果最好。

粮食产后服务体系建设的国际经验与启示

减少粮食损耗是实现可持续发展和保障粮食安全的重要途径,粮食产后服务体系建设是减少粮食损耗的关键环节。本文在分析中国粮食产后服务发展现状与问题的基础上,梳理了美国、加拿大、日本三个典型国家在发展粮食产后服务方面的一些经验和做法,并结合中国实际情况,探讨了其对中国粮食产后服务体系建设启示和镜鉴。研究结果表明,粮食产业链全商业化运作是美国和加拿大建设完备粮食产后服务体系的基石,先进的全产业链节粮减损技术及政府、企业与农户的合作协调机制是其粮食产后服务体系运行的关键;日本则在引进先进技术的同时,构建了政府、农协、农户三方合力建设的层次分明、规范运作的粮食产后服务体系,有效保障了农民种粮收益。本文据此进一步提出了完善中国粮食产后服务体系建设的对策思路。

褪黑素在采后果品保鲜中的应用现状与研究进展

褪黑素是动植物体内广泛存在的一种小分子的神经内分泌激素,是天然的抗氧化剂,具有影响果品采后呼吸代谢及乙烯释放、影响成熟衰老、增强果品抗逆性等功效,目前已越来越多地应用于果品采后保鲜。该文就褪黑素对果品保鲜的作用机制、在采后果品保鲜中的应用及其影响因素进行分析研究,以期明确褪黑素在采后果品保鲜中的研究现状和发展趋势,为果品保鲜产业提供新的技术支撑。

木薯MeEIN3.1基因克隆及其在采后生理性变质中的信号转导

【目的】ethylene insensitive 3/ethylene insensitive-like 1(EIN3/EIL1)是乙烯信号通路的重要成员,克隆并分析其在木薯块根采后生理性变质(post-harvest physiological deterioration,PPD)过程中的表达情况,可以为深入研究乙烯信号在木薯块根PPD过程中的功能提供参考。【方法】通过RT-PCR技术从木薯栽培品种SC8中克隆得到了木薯MeEIN3.1基因,然后对MeEIN3.1基因的遗传进化关系、结构域、蛋白质结构、理化性质等进行分析。对MeEIN3.1蛋白进行亚细胞定位,并通过荧光定量PCR和酵母双杂交技术对MeEIN3.1基因在木薯块根PPD过程中的表达水平以及下游互作转录因子进行分析。【结果】MeEIN3.1基因的长度为1452 bp,编码483个氨基酸残基,等电点和分子质量分别为5.08和55.12 ku,氨基酸序列包含7个EIN3/EIL1结构域,和橡胶HbEIN3-like基因的亲缘关系最近,序列一致性为69.35%。MeEIN3.1蛋白的亚细胞定位结果显示该基因位于细胞核。荧光定量PCR结果显示,在木薯块根的PPD过程中MeEIN3.1基因的表达量和对照0 h相比,表现为显著上升趋势,即MeEIN3.1基因的表达受到PPD过程的诱导。另外,酵母双杂交结果显示MeEIN3.1能够与MeERF1.2和MeERF1.3产生互作。【结论】MeEIN3.1基因的表达在采后过程中受到诱导,推测其通过下游转录因子MeERF1.2和MeERF1.3进行乙烯信号转导来参与木薯块根的PPD过程。

蓝莓采后品质劣变与保鲜技术研究进展

蓝莓因水分含量高易受病虫侵害而腐败变质,严重影响了蓝莓果实的货架期。文章总结了蓝莓果实采后品质劣变的原因机制及国内外蓝莓保鲜技术的研究现状,主要包括物理、化学、生物3种保鲜方法,重点强调了生物方法在蓝莓采后保鲜中的应用。

聚乙烯醇/维生素C复合保鲜膜制备及其对白玉菇品质的影响

为提高白玉菇贮存和运输质量,保证其营养价值以及销售过程的品质,该研究以聚乙烯醇为基材,以维生素C(vitamin C,V_(C))为抗氧化剂,制备出不同含量聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)/V_(C)保鲜膜,探讨含抗氧化剂的PVA保鲜膜的理化性能及其对白玉菇品质的影响。结果表明,含0.10%V_(C)的保鲜膜理化性能优异,满足包装材料的要求。采用PVA(0.10%V_(C))保鲜膜处理的白玉菇样品色泽和感官品质均较好,失重率仅为9.20%,样品中的总酚类物质以及蛋白质含量的保留率分别为54.00%和75.50%,与聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)薄膜相比,其货架期延长4 d。

西兰花采后霉变控制技术研究

西兰花花球采后贮运过程中易出现真菌霉变现象,严重影响其商品品质。为降低贮运过程中西兰花真菌霉变发生情况,本研究采用不同温度、乙醇浓度、壳聚糖涂膜浓度等对西兰花进行处理。单因素试验结果表明,45℃热激处理效果最佳,3 d病斑面积为6%;最适的乙醇处理浓度为30%,处理3 d后病斑面积仅为3.4%;壳聚糖涂膜浓度1.5%和2%均有很好的抑菌效果,3 d后病斑面积分别为7.3%和4.5%,且无显著差异,综合考虑采用1.5%的壳聚糖浓度处理最为适宜。45℃热激+1.5%壳聚糖和30%乙醇+45℃热激处理西兰花的霉变病害控制效果表明,两个组合处理均能有效控制病害发生;30%乙醇+45℃热激处理组,能降低乙醇残留,更加绿色安全,且保绿抗霉变效果更好。

芒果保鲜技术研究进展

芒果味道香甜,营养价值丰富,被誉为“热带水果之王”。由于芒果呼吸作用强,易受病原微生物侵染,因此采摘后极易腐败变质。阐述芒果采后贮藏的化学保鲜技术、物理保鲜技术和生物保鲜技术,总结各种保鲜方法的特点与机制,并对其发展进行了展望,从而为芒果的保鲜提供理论参考。

竹笋采后生理变化特征与贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

竹笋作为1种高纤维、高蛋白、低脂肪的特色森林食品,符合现代消费者健康饮食的需求。然而,竹笋的采收季节较短,供应较集中,且采后代谢旺盛,不易贮藏保鲜,严重影响其营养价值和商业价值。为进一步减少竹笋采后损失,提高竹笋利用率,该文综述了竹笋采收后的生理变化特征和贮藏保鲜技术现状,并对未来研究方向提出展望,以期为竹笋贮藏保鲜技术研究提供新思路。