Post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy:A systematic review

BACKGROUND The recent and still ongoing pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)entailed various long-term complications,including post-infectious cholangiopathy.AIM To identify the available studies concerning post-coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cholangiopathy.METHODS An extensive bibliographical search was carried out in PubMed and in Cochrane Library to identify the articles(retrospective and prospective studies,cohort studies,case series and case reports)published between January 1,2020 and August 22,2022,using both MeSH terms and free-language keywords:cholangiopathy;COVID-19;post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy;SARS-CoV-2.RESULTS Thirteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria,which included 64 patients suffering from this condition.The patients were male in 82.8%of cases.Liver transplant was executed in 6 patients and scheduled in 7 patients,while 2 patients refused the surgical approach.Therefore in 23.4%of the cases,performing this procedure appeared to be necessary.CONCLUSION This review has revealed that generally the involvement of the liver in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection is mild and transient,inducing cholestasis of cholangiocytes but can also be severe enough to cause organ failure in some cases.

Post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy:Current understanding and management options

Post-coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cholangiopathy(PCC)is a rare but lifethreatening complication of COVID-19 infection.PCC typically presents when patients recovering from the contagion and manifests as cholestasis in patients with no history of pre-existing liver disease.The pathogenesis of PCC is little understood.Hepatic injury in PCC could be mediated by the predilection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 for cholangiocytes.Though PCC shows some resemblance to secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients,it is considered as a separate and unique entity in the literature.Various treatment options like ursodeoxycholic acid,steroids,plasmapheresis,and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography guided interventions have been tried but with limited success.We have noticed significant improvement in liver function with antiplatelet therapy in a couple of patients.PCC can progress to end-stage liver disease necessitating liver transplantation.In this article,we discuss the current knowledge of PCC focusing on its pathophysiology,clinical manifestations,and management strategies.

Evaluation of children and adults with post-COVID-19 persistent smell,taste and trigeminal chemosensory disorders:A hospital based study

BACKGROUND Smell disorders are the most frequent persistent coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)complications.AIM To describe the patterns and characteristics of persistent smell and taste disorders in Egyptian patients.METHODS Assessment was done to 185 patients(adults=150,age:31.41±8.63 years;children=35;age:15.66±1.63 years).Otolaryngology and neuropsychiatric evaluations were done.Measurements included:A clinical questionnaire(for smell and taste);sniffin'odor,taste and flavor identification tests and the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements(sQOD-NS).RESULTS Duration of disorders was 11.53±3.97 ms(6-24 ms).Parosmia(n=119;64.32%)was developed months after anosmia(3.05±1.87 ms).Objective testing showed anosmia in all,ageusia and flavor loss in 20%(n=37)and loss of nasal and oral trigeminal sensations in 18%(n=33)and 20%(n=37),respectively.Patients had low scoring of sQOD-NS(11.41±3.66).There were no specific differences in other demographics and clinical variables which could distinguish post-COVID-19 smell and taste disorders in children from adults.CONCLUSION The course of small and taste disorders are supportive of the nasal and oral neuronal compromises.Post-COVID-19 taste and trigeminal disorders were less frequent compared to smell disorders.Post-COVID-19 flavor disorders were solely dependent on taste and not smell disorders.There were no demographics,clinical variables at onset or specific profile of these disorders in children compared to adults.

溃疡性结肠炎患者血清趋化因子配体19、干扰素调节因子4水平及临床意义

目的探讨溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者血清趋化因子配体19(CCL19)、干扰素调节因子4(IRF4)水平及临床意义。方法选择2020年6月至2022年5月在该院住院治疗的105例UC患者为UC组,另选取83例健康体检者为对照组。根据Mayo评分将UC患者分为缓解期组(n=35)和活动期组(n=70)。根据活动期病情严重程度,将活动期UC患者分为轻度组(n=19)、中度组(n=23)和重度组(n=28)。根据患者预后情况分为预后良好组和预后不良组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清CCL19、IRF4水平;采用Pearson相关分析血清CCL19、IRF4水平与Mayo评分的相关性;采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响UC患者预后的因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清CCL19、IRF4水平对UC患者预后不良的预测价值。结果UC组血清CCL19、IRF4水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。缓解期组血清CCL19、IRF4水平低于活动期组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重度组血清CCL19、IRF4水平明显高于轻度组和中度组,且中度组明显高于轻度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。预后良好组CCL19、IRF4、C反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)水平明显低于预后不良组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关分析结果显示,UC患者血清CCL19、IRF4水平均与Mayo评分呈正相关(r=0.426、0.471,P<0.05)。血清CCL19、IRF4水平升高是UC患者预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清CCL19、IRF4水平单独及联合预测UC患者预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.798、0.752、0.845。结论UC患者血清CCL19、IRF4水平均升高,且与患者病情和临床预后关系密切,可作为UC临床预后评估的潜在指标。

中医药对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)恢复期患者肺功能影响的Meta分析

目的系统评价中医药对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19,简称:新冠肺炎)恢复期患者的肺功能影响,以期为临床决策及后续临床研究的开展提供参考。方法计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(WanFang)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、维普期刊数据库(VIP)、PubMed、The Cochrane Library、EMbase数据库,检索时间为建库至2022年7月。由2名研究者按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取数据且评估纳入研究的偏倚风险及方法学质量,采用Review Manager 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入9项研究,其中5项随机对照试验、2项非随机对照试验、2项队列研究,纳入研究共包含1101例新冠肺炎恢复期患者。Meta分析结果显示:(1)针刺、中西医结合康复训练,可有效提升患者第一秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)水平(SMD=1.43,95%CI[1.10,1.75],P<0.00001)。(2)中西医结合康复训练可提升患者第一秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量的百分比(forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC)(MD=12.12,95%CI[9.46,14.79],P<0.00001)。(3)中药联合常规康复训练可有效降低患者改良医学研究学会呼吸困难量表(modified Medical Research Council,mMRC)评分(MD=-0.16,95%CI[-0.17,-0.15],P<0.00001)。(4)针刺、中药可提升肺部CT好转率(RR=1.14,95%CI[1.06,1.23],P=0.0003)。结论中医药可提升新冠肺炎恢复期患者FEV1及FEV1/FVC水平、降低mMRC评分及促进肺部CT好转率,促进新冠肺炎恢复期患者康复。受纳入研究数量限制,结论尚需更多高质量研究予以验证。

COVID-19 patient with an incubation period of 27 d:A case report

BACKGROUND As a highly contagious disease,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is wreaking havoc around the world due to continuous spread among close contacts mainly via droplets,aerosols,contaminated hands or surfaces.Therefore,centralized isolation of close contacts and suspected patients is an important measure to prevent the transmission of COVID-19.At present,the quarantine duration in most countries is 14 d due to the fact that the incubation period of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2(SARS-CoV-2)is usually identified as 1-14 d with median estimate of 4-7.5 d.Since COVID-19 patients in the incubation period are also contagious,cases with an incubation period of more than 14 d need to be evaluated.CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old male patient was admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University on April 5 due to a cough with sputum and shortness of breath.On April 10,the patient was transferred to the Fever Clinic for further treatment due to close contact to one confirmed COVID-19 patient in the same room.During the period from April 10 to May 6,nucleic acid and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were tested 7 and 4 times,respectively,all of which were negative.On May 7,the patient developed fever with a maximum temperature of 39℃,and his respiratory difficulties had deteriorated.The results of nucleic acid and antibody detection of SARS-CoV-2 were positive.On May 8,the nucleic acid and antibody detection of SARS-CoV-2 by Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control were also positive,and the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 and reported to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of the SARS-CoV-2 incubation period.Further epidemiological investigations and clinical observations are urgently needed to identify the optimal incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 and formulate rational and evidence-based quarantine policies for COVID-19 accordingly.

Issues related to post-COVID-19 syndrome

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARSCoV-2)in 2019-2022 leads to a multisystem illness that results in damage to numerous organ systems.In this review,our goal was to assess current research on long-term respiratory,cardiac,neurological,digestive,rheumatological,urogenital,and dermatological system complications of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Bibliographic searches were conducted in December 2021 using PubMed and Google Scholar,retrospectively,covering all COVID-19 literature to determine the consequences of the disease.This review may help to determine the prospects for new studies and predict the upcoming aspects requiring assessment in post-COVID-19 syndrome.

Investigation and Research on the Psychological Status of Children and Adolescents During the Epidemic Period of COVID-19

Objective:The paper was to analyze the investigation and study of the psychological status of children and adolescents during the epidemic period of COVID-19.Methods:From March 5th to 11th,2020,1766 students from 8 to 18 years old in Yan'an area were taken as the research objects,and the psychological characteristics of this group of people during the epidemic period of COVID-19 were analyzed by the online questionnaires.Results:In the questionnaire,all children and adolescents were in good psychological conditions,and they had not shown serious negative psychological emotions,and they attached great importance to COVID-19.Conclusion:The psychological changes of children and adolescents during the epidemic period of COVID-19 are diverse.Most children and adolescents have a good mental state,and a few have negative psychological emotions.It can strengthen the psychological management of children and adolescents during the epidemic,and promote the healthy growth of children and adolescents clinically.

Ophthalmologic implications to consider when using hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 and induced arthritis

As the world continues to grapple with the novel coronavirus[coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)],many treatments have been proposed to help alleviate the symptoms and reduce the mortality rate.Hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)is an antimalarial drug that is typically used for several autoimmune,rheumatic,and dermatological conditions.It has also been considered to treat and prevent COVID-19 and subsequent arthritis associated with the infection.This drug is known to cause retinal toxicity,which can lead to vision impairment or loss.While the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood,it is thought to be due to the accumulation of the drug in the retinal pigment epithelium.The risk of toxicity increases with long-term use or with high doses of the drug and is more likely to occur in patients with pre-existing retinal diseases or those who are predisposed to retinal diseases.In this context,several steps can be taken to monitor and minimize the risk of ophthalmological adverse events when using HCQ to treat patients with COVID-19.

Challenges to associate early onset epilepsy with COVID-19 autoimmune encephalitis:A case

BACKGROUND Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)-related neurological events in the pediatric population is challenging.Overlapping clinical picture of children with altered neurological state and inborn errors of metabolism,in addition to the frequency of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases,pose the main challenges for diagnosis.Diagnostic approaches to the onset post-COVID 19 subacute encephalopathy are still troublesome as seronegative autoimmune encephalitis(AIE)is reported.CASE SUMMARY A 27-mo-old boy was admitted for stormy refractory seizure of polymorphic semiology and altered mental status followed by various neuropsychiatric features that were suggestive of AIE.Brain magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were normal.Neither the immunological assessment,including viral serologies,antinuclear antibodies,autoimmune antibodies(NMDA,AMPA,CASPR2,LG11,GABARB,Hu,Yo,Ri,CV2,PNMA2,SOX1,Titin,amphiphysin,Recoverin),nor the metabolic assessment for lactate and pyruvate showed significant anomaly.Both positive history of COVID-19 infection and the findings of characteristic repetitive extreme delta brush played a key role in the diagnosis of COVID-19-related AIE.A remarkable improvement in the state of the child was noted after two pulse doses of intravenous Veinoglobulin and high dose of intravenous Corticosteroid.CONCLUSION Diagnostic biomarkers for AIE might aid effective treatment.

围生期经历COVID-19疫情居家隔离对婴儿神经精神发育的近期影响

目的探讨围生期经历新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情的居家隔离对婴儿神经精神发育的近期影响。方法选取2021年10月至2022年1月出生的177名2月龄婴儿为对照组,2022年3月底至7月出生119名2月龄婴儿为实验组。实验组婴儿在围生期经历COVID-19疫情期间的居家隔离事件。运用年龄与发育进程问卷,从沟通、粗大动作、精细动作、解决问题、个人-社会5个能区对2组婴儿在2月龄时的神经精神发育情况进行评估和比较。结果实验组和对照组婴儿发育迟缓率分别为7.56%和6.78%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组婴儿沟通能区得分及女婴的粗大动作能区得分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组间问卷总分及其他能区得分的差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论围生期经历COVID-19疫情居家隔离对婴儿沟通能区和女婴粗大动作能区的发展可能产生一定的近期负面影响,应给予积极的干预。

COVID-19疫情流行期儿童家长心理健康状况调查及相关因素分析

目的研究新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情流行高峰期儿童家长心理健康状况,为突发公共卫生事件下家长心理干预提供科学依据。方法于2020年2月14日至20日,通过线上平台由各地区妇幼保健院及学校采取方便抽样方法从全国各省(自治区、直辖市)共计抽取30861名18岁以下儿童家长作为调查对象。采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验、Spearman相关分析和多元线性回归分析法对家长心理健康状况进行分析。结果30861名调查对象在情绪方面的得分最高,P50(P25~P75)得分为2.00(0.00~5.00)。儿童家长的性别、年龄、学历、与儿童关系、儿童年龄、居住地、职业、家中有无医务人员等变量在家长的身体、情绪、认知得分上差别均有统计学意义(均P<0.001),其中女性(H=54.54、443.89、477.14,均P<0.001)、儿童3岁以下(H=364.44、182.24、121.76,均P<0.001)、医护人员(H=1004.05、397.63、227.66,均P<0.001)、家中有医护人员的家长(H=279.34、55.91、42.89,均P<0.001)在3个维度的得分均较高。以心理健康总得分为因变量,疫情相关因素为自变量,最终进入回归方程的变量有自评心理健康状况(β=0.39)、家长最近睡眠(β=0.12)、自评身体健康状况(β=0.11)、担心疫情得不到控制(β=0.08)、家长锻炼时间(β=-0.11)、担心孩子生病(β=0.09)、疫情对经济影响(β=0.08)、担心孩子免疫接种(β=0.08)、熟悉的人疑似感染(β=-0.04)、对新冠了解程度(β=-0.02),11个因子共同解释了心理健康状况的42%的变异量。结论疫情流行期对家长的影响主要在情绪和认知方面。女性,尤其是母亲,医护人员、医护人员家属是本次疫情中存在不良心理健康状况的高危人群,建议开展针对性的心理干预措施。

成年人下呼吸道感染者痰液病原菌分布及多重耐药菌感染风险因素分析

目的探讨新型冠状病毒疾病(COVID-19)后疫情时期成人下呼吸道感染者痰标本中的病原菌分布、耐药性以及多重耐药菌(MDRO)感染的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年12月鹰潭184医院收治的316例成年人下呼吸道感染患者的临床资料,对其痰标本培养首次检出的107株病原菌进行菌种鉴定及药敏分析,依据药敏结果分为MDRO组(n=62)和非MDRO组(n=45),比较MDRO组和非MDRO组患者的临床资料,应用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨多重耐药菌感染的影响因素。结果107株病原菌中,检出比例位居前3的分别为肺炎克雷伯菌(29.91%)、大肠埃希菌(16.82%)、铜绿假单胞菌(14.95%),其中MDRO占比57.94%,非MDRO占比42.06%。肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌对头孢唑林的耐药率分别为90.63%、57.89%、88.89%和81.25%,对头孢噻肟的耐药率分别为59.38%、52.63%、72.22%和68.75%,对氨曲南的耐药率分别为46.88%、42.11%、44.44%和87.50%。多重耐药菌组患者年龄≥60岁、住院天数≥7 d、接受有创治疗、白球比值<1、血红蛋白(Hb)水平<100 g/L以及C反应蛋白(CRP)≥30 mg/L的患者比例明显高于非多重耐药组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者年龄≥60岁、住院天数≥7 d是成年人下呼吸道感染MDRO的危险因素(P<0.05),而Hb水平≥100 g/L是保护性因素(P<0.05)。结论COVID-19后疫情时期,成人下呼吸道感染患者病原菌分布发生变化,对第一、二代头孢菌素普遍耐药严重,MDRO占比高。患者年龄、住院天数和Hb水平是后疫情时期成人下呼吸道MDRO感染的独立风险因素,合理干预这些风险因素,有利于临床控制MDRO传播。

动态监测血清CEA、CA19-9、CA125、CA153和CYFRA21-1对肺癌患者围手术期疗效评估的临床研究

目的探讨动态监测肺癌患者围手术期血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、糖类抗原153(CA153)和细胞角质蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)的临床意义.方法分别选择120例肺癌患者和同期120例健康体检者为肺癌组和对照组,检测肺癌组患者术前、术后1天、术后7天、术后30天和术后90天的血清CEA、CA19-9、CA125、CA153和CYFRA21-1水平,并与对照组体检时的上述各血清肿瘤标志物水平进行比较,分析CEA、CA19-9、CA125、CA153、CYFRA21-1对肺癌的诊断价值.结果与CEA、CA19-9、CA125、CA153、CYFRA21-1单独诊断肺癌比较,CEA、CA19-9、CA125、CA153及CYFRA21-1联合诊断肺癌的灵敏度和准确度均较高.术前肺癌组患者的血清CEA、CA19-9、CA125、CA153和CYFRA21-1水平均高于对照组体检时,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).术后,肺癌组患者的血清CEA、CA19-9、CA125、CA153和CYFRA21-水平均随时间延长呈下降趋势,术后90天肺癌组患者的血清CEA、CA19-9、CA125、CA153和CYFRA21-1水平均低于术后1天,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).术后对所有肺癌患者随访10个月,其中复发患者57例,未复发患者63例.术后复发患者术后7天的血清CEA、CA19-9、CA125、CA153和CYFRA21-1水平均高于术后未复发患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论对肺癌患者的血清CEA、CA19-9、CA125、CA153和CYFRA21-1水平进行动态检测,不仅有助于肺癌的临床诊断,还可用于评估术后疗效,对术后治疗具有一定的指导意义.

数据驱动下的传染病大流行期间大城市交通运行状况研究

新型冠状病毒肺炎是近百年来人类遭遇的影响范围最广的全球性大流行病,探究新冠疫情期间不同城市交通运行状况的演变规律,对当前传染病大流行情境下的交通运行至关重要,并对未来类似情形下的城市交通治理具有借鉴作用。城市交通运行状况可由交通健康指数、拥堵延时指数等数据来表征,因此本文收集疫情放开后十个大城市近一个月的拥堵延时指数、平均车速和交通健康指数等数据,通过相关性分析、线性回归、k-means聚类分析等方法,从多个角度探究城市交通健康指数与拥堵延时指数或平均车速之间的关系,据此采用拥堵延时指数来研究各城市交通运行状况。进而基于拥堵延时指数将研究时段划分为疫情影响期、疫情稳定期、复工复产期、春节影响期这四个阶段。并在早晚高峰、疫情、春节以及跨年夜等多种情境下,从工作日和节假日多方面挖掘各城市在疫情放开影响下交通状况变化的异同点。结果表明,在疫情放开和春节假期等多种复杂因素的影响下,交通健康指数仍能由拥堵延时指数或平均车速线性表征,交通健康指数存在一定程度的冗余,用拥堵延时指数等更易获取的数据就能够描述城市的交通运行状况。此外,疫情消退过程中,工作日早晚高峰出行的不均衡性较小,而节假日早晚高峰出行的不均衡性较大,达到40%。

阿里地区1～19岁人群乙肝病毒感染情况调查分析

目的:了解阿里地区1～19岁人群乙肝病毒感染状况,考评西藏阿里地区实施乙肝疫苗新生儿免费接种后的1～4岁人群免疫效果,为预防控制乙肝传播提供科学依据。方法:全地区7个县共随机抽样1～19岁常住健康人群990人,检测乙肝五项。结果:全地区1～19岁人群HBsAg阳性率平均为13.84%,HBeAg阳性率平均为9.49%,5～6岁组HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAb阳性率最高,HBsAb阳性率低于全国平均水平。结论:阿里地区1～19岁健康人群HBsAg携带率处于较高水平,小年龄组处于感染高发期。

Effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on incidence and treatment strategies of hepatocellular carcinoma in people with chronic liver disease

BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease(CLD)was associated with adverse clinical outcomes among people with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection.AIM To determine the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the incidence and treatment strategy of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)among patients with CLD.METHODS A retrospective,territory-wide cohort of CLD patients was identified from an electronic health database in Hong Kong.Patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection[coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)+CLD]between January 1,2020 and October 25,2022 were identified and matched 1:1 by propensity-score with those without(COVID-19-CLD).Each patient was followed up until death,outcome event,or November 15,2022.Primary outcome was incidence of HCC.Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality,adverse hepatic outcomes,and different treatment strategies to HCC(curative,non-curative treatment,and palliative care).Analyses were further stratified by acute(within 20 d)and post-acute(21 d or beyond)phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Incidence rate ratios(IRRs)were estimated by Poisson regression models.RESULTS Of 193589 CLD patients(>95%non-cirrhotic)in the cohort,55163 patients with COVID-19+CLD and 55163 patients with COVID-19-CLD were included after 1:1 propensity-score matching.Upon 249-d median follow-up,COVID-19+CLD was not associated with increased risk of incident HCC(IRR:1.19,95%CI:0.99-1.42,P=0.06),but higher risks of receiving palliative care for HCC(IRR:1.60,95%CI:1.46-1.75,P<0.001),compared to COVID-19-CLD.In both acute and post-acute phases of infection,COVID-19+CLD were associated with increased risks of allcause mortality(acute:IRR:7.06,95%CI:5.78-8.63,P<0.001;post-acute:IRR:1.24,95%CI:1.14-1.36,P<0.001)and adverse hepatic outcomes(acute:IRR:1.98,95%CI:1.79-2.18,P<0.001;post-acute:IRR:1.24,95%CI:1.13-1.35,P<0.001),compared to COVID-19-CLD.CONCLUSION Although CLD patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were not associated with increased risk of HCC,they were more likely to receive palliative treatment than those without.The detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection persisted in post-acute phase.

19世纪末中国近代知识分子群体的初步形成

甲午战败的屈辱掀起了国人学习西方先进文化的热潮,以维新派为代表的新型知识分子,通过倡导新式教育、办报刊、建学会,开启了民智,使一批有着西方先进思想的知识分子逐渐从封建营垒中剥离出来,开始走上近代化道路,并逐步形成了群体,到辛亥革命前夕,已发展成为一支可观的社会力量。

不同播期对“冬青19号”生育期及产量的影响

为探索林芝气候条件下“冬青19号”种植适宜的播期以及不同播期对“冬青19号”生育期和产量的影响,于2020年在林芝巴宜区进行了“冬青19号”不同播期(10月19日、10月26日、11月2日、11月9日、11月16日、11月23日)的试验。结果表明,“冬青19号”在林芝巴宜区10月19日播种,测产最高,产量达到482 kg/667 m^(2)“,冬青19号”随播期推迟,产量逐步下降。

不同新型冠状病毒变异株感染的COVID-19潜伏期研究

从新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情初始至今,COVID-19的病原体新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)不断进化和变异,产生传播力和毒力变化的变异株,如Alpha(B.1.1.7)、Beta(B.1.351)、Gamma(P.1)、Delta(B.1.617.2)以及Omicron(B.1.1.529)变异株。深入研究不同变异株感染所致的COVID-19潜伏期有助于追溯传染源,确定密切接触者的留验、检疫和医学观察期限,为及时调整COVID-19疫情防控措施提供依据。本文主要综述了国内外感染SARS-CoV-2野生株和不同变异株的COVID-19潜伏期的相关研究,研究发现,感染SARS-CoV-2野生株的潜伏期在4~8 d,中位潜伏期约为5.5 d。感染Beta、Gamma变异株的潜伏期与野生株基本类似,约为5 d。感染Alpha、Delta和Omicron变异株的潜伏期则低于其他毒株,分别为4 d、4 d和3 d。