The treatment of hepatitis C has undergone a significant boom since the advent of direct acting antivirals (DAA). Indeed, the interferon-ribavirin combination that has been used to treat hepatitis C has a virological ...The treatment of hepatitis C has undergone a significant boom since the advent of direct acting antivirals (DAA). Indeed, the interferon-ribavirin combination that has been used to treat hepatitis C has a virological response in only 45% of cases with significant side effects. The advent of direct-acting antivirals has changed the prognosis of cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C. DAAs have ensured a sustained viral response in the majority of patients. Our work aims to see the evolution of hepatitis C patients at the cirrhosis stage under DAA. We conducted a retrospective study over 15 years (January 2009, January 2024) including all patients with post-viral cirrhosis C, whom we divided into two groups: group A, cirrhotic patients who received ribavirin and interferon, and group B, patients on DAA. From January 2009 to January 2024, we conducted a study of 182 patients with viral hepatitis C, including 102 cirrhotic patients. The mean age was 55 years. 66% of patients were initially treated with the ribavirin interferon combination, while 34% received direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Since the introduction of DAAs, the most commonly used regimens have been sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir with or without ribavirin. Group A achieved sustained virological response (SVR) in 60% of cases, with notable side effects. In Group B, SVR was 98.18%, with improved tolerability and fewer side effects than previous treatments. Fifteen patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with a significantly lower mortality rate in those treated with DAAs compared with pegylated dual therapy (p: 0.001).展开更多
BACKGROUND The respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has evolved into a multi-organ disorder,with longterm effects known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infect...BACKGROUND The respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has evolved into a multi-organ disorder,with longterm effects known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection or long coronavirus disease(COVID).AIM To examine the current knowledge and outcomes of long-term neurological and gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms in adult cohorts,including United States minority populations.METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using relevant terms,and data from five studies were analyzed,comprising 27383 patients with persistent neurological and GI sequelae.RESULTS The main symptoms included anxiety,depression,dysphagia,headache,vomiting,nausea,gastroesophageal reflux,fatigue,and abdominal pain.Patients with comorbidities and metabolic syndromes were at higher risk for long COVID.While most patients were European Americans,there was a need for further study on African Americans.CONCLUSION The underlying causes of these symptoms remain unclear,warranting more investigation into the long-term impact of the SARS-CoV-2 on different populations.展开更多
Viruses and their hosts have co-evolved for million years. In order to successfully replicate their genome, viruses need to usurp the biosynthetic machinery of the host cell. Depending on the complexity and the nature...Viruses and their hosts have co-evolved for million years. In order to successfully replicate their genome, viruses need to usurp the biosynthetic machinery of the host cell. Depending on the complexity and the nature of the genome, replication might involve or not a relatively large subset of viral products, in addition to a number of host cell factors, and take place in several subcellular compartments, including the nucleus,the cytoplasm, as well as virus-induced, rearranged membranes. Therefore viruses need to ensure the correct subcellular localization of their effectors and to be capable of disguising from the cellular defensive mechanisms. In addition, viruses are capable of exploiting host cell activities, by modulating their post-translational modification apparatus, resulting in profound modifications in the function of cellular and viral products. Not surprisingly infection of host cells by these parasites can lead to alterations of cellular differentiation and growing properties, with important pathogenic consequences. In the present hot topic highlight entitled "Reprogramming the host: modification of cell functions upon viral infection", a number of leading virologists and cell biologist thoroughly describe recent advances in our understanding of how viruses modulate cellular functions to achieve successful replication and propagation at the expenses of human cells.展开更多
AIM: To study HCV polyprotein processing is important forthe understanding of the natural history of HCV and thedesign of vaccines against HCV. The purpose of this studyis to investigate the affection of context seque...AIM: To study HCV polyprotein processing is important forthe understanding of the natural history of HCV and thedesign of vaccines against HCV. The purpose of this studyis to investigate the affection of context sequences onhepatitis C virus (HCV) E2 processingMETHODS: HCV genes of different lengths were expressedand compared in vaccinia virus/T7 system with homologouspatient serum S94 and mouse anti-serum ME2116 raisedagainst E. coli-derived E2 peptide, respectively.Deglycosylation analysis and GNA (Galanthus nivalus )lectin binding assay were performed to study the post-translational processing of the expressed products.RESULTS: E2 glycoproteins with different molecular weights( ～ 75kDa end ～ 60kDa) were detected using S94 and ME2116,respectively. Deglycosylation analysis showed that thisdifference was mainly due to different glycosylation. Endo Hresistance and its failure to bind to GNA lectin demonstratedthat the higher molecular weight form (75kDa) of E2 wascomplex-type glycosylated, which was readily recognized byhomologous patient serum S94. Expression of complex-typeglycosylated E2 could not be detected in all of the core-truncated constructs tested, but readily detected inconstructs encoding full-length core sequences.CONCLUSION: The upstream conserved full-length corecoding sequence was required for the production of E2glycoproteins carrying complex-type N-glycans whichreacted strongly with homologous patient serum andtherefore possibly represented more mature forms of E2. Ascomplex-type N-glycans indicated modification by Golgienzymes, the results suggest that the presence of full-lengthcore might be critical for E1/E2 complex to leave ER. Ourdata may contribute to a better understanding of theprocessing of HCV structural proteins as well as HCVmorphogenesis.展开更多
Hepatitis C infection is universal and the most common indication of liver transplantation in the United States. The period of less effective interferon therapy with intolerable side effects has gone. Now we have step...Hepatitis C infection is universal and the most common indication of liver transplantation in the United States. The period of less effective interferon therapy with intolerable side effects has gone. Now we have stepped into the era of direct acting anti-viral agents(DAAs) against hepatitis C virus. Treatment of hepatitis C is now extremely effective, tolerable and requires a short duration of intake of oral agents. Less monitoring is required with the current therapy and drug-drug interactions are less than the previous regimen. The current treatment options of chronic hepatitis C with various DAAs are discussed in this article.展开更多
文摘The treatment of hepatitis C has undergone a significant boom since the advent of direct acting antivirals (DAA). Indeed, the interferon-ribavirin combination that has been used to treat hepatitis C has a virological response in only 45% of cases with significant side effects. The advent of direct-acting antivirals has changed the prognosis of cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C. DAAs have ensured a sustained viral response in the majority of patients. Our work aims to see the evolution of hepatitis C patients at the cirrhosis stage under DAA. We conducted a retrospective study over 15 years (January 2009, January 2024) including all patients with post-viral cirrhosis C, whom we divided into two groups: group A, cirrhotic patients who received ribavirin and interferon, and group B, patients on DAA. From January 2009 to January 2024, we conducted a study of 182 patients with viral hepatitis C, including 102 cirrhotic patients. The mean age was 55 years. 66% of patients were initially treated with the ribavirin interferon combination, while 34% received direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Since the introduction of DAAs, the most commonly used regimens have been sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir with or without ribavirin. Group A achieved sustained virological response (SVR) in 60% of cases, with notable side effects. In Group B, SVR was 98.18%, with improved tolerability and fewer side effects than previous treatments. Fifteen patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with a significantly lower mortality rate in those treated with DAAs compared with pegylated dual therapy (p: 0.001).
文摘BACKGROUND The respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has evolved into a multi-organ disorder,with longterm effects known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection or long coronavirus disease(COVID).AIM To examine the current knowledge and outcomes of long-term neurological and gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms in adult cohorts,including United States minority populations.METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using relevant terms,and data from five studies were analyzed,comprising 27383 patients with persistent neurological and GI sequelae.RESULTS The main symptoms included anxiety,depression,dysphagia,headache,vomiting,nausea,gastroesophageal reflux,fatigue,and abdominal pain.Patients with comorbidities and metabolic syndromes were at higher risk for long COVID.While most patients were European Americans,there was a need for further study on African Americans.CONCLUSION The underlying causes of these symptoms remain unclear,warranting more investigation into the long-term impact of the SARS-CoV-2 on different populations.
文摘Viruses and their hosts have co-evolved for million years. In order to successfully replicate their genome, viruses need to usurp the biosynthetic machinery of the host cell. Depending on the complexity and the nature of the genome, replication might involve or not a relatively large subset of viral products, in addition to a number of host cell factors, and take place in several subcellular compartments, including the nucleus,the cytoplasm, as well as virus-induced, rearranged membranes. Therefore viruses need to ensure the correct subcellular localization of their effectors and to be capable of disguising from the cellular defensive mechanisms. In addition, viruses are capable of exploiting host cell activities, by modulating their post-translational modification apparatus, resulting in profound modifications in the function of cellular and viral products. Not surprisingly infection of host cells by these parasites can lead to alterations of cellular differentiation and growing properties, with important pathogenic consequences. In the present hot topic highlight entitled "Reprogramming the host: modification of cell functions upon viral infection", a number of leading virologists and cell biologist thoroughly describe recent advances in our understanding of how viruses modulate cellular functions to achieve successful replication and propagation at the expenses of human cells.
基金the National 863 High Technology Foundation of China,No.863-102-07-02-02,No.2001AA215171the project CHN 98/112 (WTZ-Internationales Buro des BMBF).
文摘AIM: To study HCV polyprotein processing is important forthe understanding of the natural history of HCV and thedesign of vaccines against HCV. The purpose of this studyis to investigate the affection of context sequences onhepatitis C virus (HCV) E2 processingMETHODS: HCV genes of different lengths were expressedand compared in vaccinia virus/T7 system with homologouspatient serum S94 and mouse anti-serum ME2116 raisedagainst E. coli-derived E2 peptide, respectively.Deglycosylation analysis and GNA (Galanthus nivalus )lectin binding assay were performed to study the post-translational processing of the expressed products.RESULTS: E2 glycoproteins with different molecular weights( ～ 75kDa end ～ 60kDa) were detected using S94 and ME2116,respectively. Deglycosylation analysis showed that thisdifference was mainly due to different glycosylation. Endo Hresistance and its failure to bind to GNA lectin demonstratedthat the higher molecular weight form (75kDa) of E2 wascomplex-type glycosylated, which was readily recognized byhomologous patient serum S94. Expression of complex-typeglycosylated E2 could not be detected in all of the core-truncated constructs tested, but readily detected inconstructs encoding full-length core sequences.CONCLUSION: The upstream conserved full-length corecoding sequence was required for the production of E2glycoproteins carrying complex-type N-glycans whichreacted strongly with homologous patient serum andtherefore possibly represented more mature forms of E2. Ascomplex-type N-glycans indicated modification by Golgienzymes, the results suggest that the presence of full-lengthcore might be critical for E1/E2 complex to leave ER. Ourdata may contribute to a better understanding of theprocessing of HCV structural proteins as well as HCVmorphogenesis.
文摘Hepatitis C infection is universal and the most common indication of liver transplantation in the United States. The period of less effective interferon therapy with intolerable side effects has gone. Now we have stepped into the era of direct acting anti-viral agents(DAAs) against hepatitis C virus. Treatment of hepatitis C is now extremely effective, tolerable and requires a short duration of intake of oral agents. Less monitoring is required with the current therapy and drug-drug interactions are less than the previous regimen. The current treatment options of chronic hepatitis C with various DAAs are discussed in this article.
