Ocular surface changes in moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris

AIM:To investigate ocular surface disorders and tear function changes in patients with acne vulgaris and explore the potential relationship between acne vulgaris and dry eye.METHODS:This cross-sectional study included right eyes of 53 patients with acne vulgaris and 54 healthy controls.The participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)questionnaire.The following ocular surface-related parameters were measured:tear meniscus height(TMH),noninvasive tear breakup time(NIBUT),Schirmer I test(SIT),lipid layer thickness(LLT)score of the tear film,meibum score,meibomian gland orifice obstruction score,the ratio of meibomian gland loss,conjunctival hyperemia score,and corneal fluorescein staining(CFS)score.RESULTS:The stability of the tear film decreased in acne vulgaris patients.In the acne group,the TMH and NIBUT were lower,whereas the OSDI,meibum score,meibomian gland orifice obstruction score,ratio of meibomian gland loss,and conjunctival hyperemia score were higher compared with controls(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the CFS score,SIT,or LLT score between the groups(P>0.05).In two dry eye groups,the TMH,NIBUT,and LLT score were lower in the acne with dry eye(acne-DE)group,and the meibum score,meibomian gland orifice obstruction score,ratio of meibomian gland loss and conjunctival hyperemia score in the acne-DE group were higher(P<0.05).There were no significant differences between OSDI,SIT,and CFS score(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris are more likely to experience dry eye than those without acne vulgaris.Reduced tear film stability and meibomian gland structure dysfunction are more pronounced in patients with moderate-to-severe acne and dry eye.

Tamanu Oil in Acne Management: Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Wound-Healing Properties for Scar Reduction

Tamanu oil, derived from the nuts of Calophyllum inophyllum, has gained increasing attention for its potential in acne management due to its purported anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties. This analysis evaluates the efficacy of tamanu oil in acne treatment with a specific focus on its impact on inflammation and scar reduction. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive analysis of tamanu oil’s dual mechanism of action: reducing acne-related inflammation and promoting the healing of acne scars. Clinical trials and laboratory analyses were conducted to assess the oil’s effectiveness in diminishing erythema, swelling, and post-acne scarring compared to conventional treatments. Preliminary findings demonstrate that tamanu oil significantly reduces inflammation and accelerates wound healing, potentially offering a promising adjunct or alternative to standard acne therapies. Future research should aim to optimize formulation and application protocols, long-term effects, and comparative therapeutic efficacy with other anti-inflammatory agents. Tamanu oil offers a novel and effective approach to acne management, with potential advantages that go beyond inflammation reduction to include enhanced scar reduction, making it a subject that warrants further investigation.

Autocrine IL-8 Contributes to Propionibacterium Acnes-induced Proliferation and Differentiation of HaCaT Cells via AKT/FOXO1/Autophagy

Objective Proprionibacterium acnes(P.acnes)-induced inflammatory responses,proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes contribute to the progression of acne vulgaris(AV).P.acnes was found to enhance the production of interleukin-8(IL-8)by keratinocytes.This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-8 in P.acnes-induced proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes and the underlying mechanism.Methods The P.acnes-stimulated HaCaT cell(a human keratinocyte cell line)model was established.Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the expression of the IL-8 receptors C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1(CXCR1)and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2(CXCR2)on HaCaT cells.Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine(EdU)assay and Western blotting were performed to examine the effects of IL-8/CXCR2 axis on the proliferation and differentiation of HaCaT cells treated with P.acnes,the IL-8 neutralizing antibody,the CXCR2 antagonist(SB225002),or the CXCR1/CXCR2 antagonist(G31P).Western blotting,nuclear and cytoplasmic separation,CCK-8 assay,and EdU assay were employed to determine the downstream pathway of CXCR2 after P.acnes-stimulated HaCaT cells were treated with the CXCR2 antagonist,the protein kinase B(AKT)antagonist(AZD5363),or the constitutively active forkhead box O1(FOXO1)mutant.Finally,autophagy markers were measured in HaCaT cells following the transfection of the FOXO1 mutant or treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine(3-MA).Results The expression levels of CXCR1 and CXCR2 were significantly increased on the membrane of HaCaT cells following P.acnes stimulation.The IL-8/CXCR2 axis predominantly promoted the proliferation and differentiation of P.acnes-induced HaCaT cells by activating AKT/FOXO1/autophagy signaling.In brief,IL-8 bound to its receptor CXCR2 on the membrane of keratinocytes to activate the AKT/FOXO1 axis.Subsequently,phosphorylated FOXO1 facilitated autophagy to promote the proliferation and differentiation of P.acnes-induced keratinocytes.Conclusion This study demonstrated the novel autocrine effect of IL-8 on the proliferation and differentiation of P.acnes-induced keratinocytes,suggesting a potential therapeutic target for AV.

痤疮皮杆菌(Cutibacterium acnes)的研究进展

痤疮皮杆菌(Cutibacterium acnes)可以引起皮肤及其他组织或器官感染和疾病,是造成青春痘的主要细菌,所以研究较多,发展变化较快,尤其最近其分类学发生了较大的变化,使其研究和临床应用等方面不易追踪而造成混乱。本文从痤疮皮杆菌的分类进化、生理生态、保护机制及其利用、致病机制及其防御治疗等方面进行综述,以期了解痤疮皮杆菌系统进化关系,全面而系统地了解该类微生物,为其服务于后期的深入研究、治疗预防等应用提供参考。

Re-evaluating the necessity of routine laboratory monitoring during isotretinoin therapy for acne

In this letter,we discuss the topic of necessity of routine laboratory monitoring during isotretinoin treatment for acne.According to Park and colleagues,it is advisable to monitor the levels of triglycerides,alanine aminotransferase,and aspartate aminotransferase every 5 to 6 months.Additionally,the levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein should be checked within the first two months of treatment.Isotretinoin is a commonly prescribed agent mainly used to treat acne.Despite its high effectiveness,it necessitates regular monitoring of laboratory parameters due to its side effect profile.Currently,there remains a lack of consensus on the appropriate frequency for monitoring these parameters during treatment with isotretinoin.This letter will provide insight into this complex and controversial topic.Based on existing literature,we concluded that the incidence of changes in lipid and liver aminotransferase levels during isotretinoin treatment for acne was low and likely clinically insignificant.For generally healthy people,we recommend testing lipid and liver profiles once at baseline and a second time at the peak dosage.However,frequent testing might still be beneficial in certain populations of patients.

Research on the Nursing Effect of Glycolipids on Acne Skin

Glycolipids are lipid compounds,which are a type of amphiphilic molecules containing glycosyl ligands.This experiment studied the efficacy of glycolipids on acne skin care from the aspects of antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-allergic,oil-control,soothing and repair.Research results show that glycolipids have excellent antibacterial properties against P.acnes;when the dosage of glycolipids reaches 10μg/mL,the inhibition rate of glycolipids on lipid synthesis in SZ95 cells can reach 20%;glycolipids can induce LPS induction RAW264.7 cells have the inhibitory effect on the release of inflammatory factors IL-6 and NO;when the glycolipids concentration is 15 mg/mL,the inhibition rate of glycolipids on hyaluronidase reaches 45.8%;when the glycolipids concentration is 25μg/mL,the inhibition rate on calcium ion concentration reaches 45.3%;glycolipids have a significant promoting effect on wound healing.Furthermore,human efficacy evaluation shows that glycolipids products have comprehensive care effects on acne skin.This study will help further promote the application of glycolipids in cosmetic products,especially in skin care products for acne skin.

Balancing Dermatological and Gynecological Considerations: Evaluating the Necessity of Pelvic Exams in OCP Prescriptions for Acne Management

Routine pelvic examinations in women prescribed oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) for acne management are scrutinized to assess their impact on dermatological outcomes versus gynecological health. A synthesis of clinical trials, patient surveys, and medical guidelines reveals that these routine exams do not significantly enhance the effectiveness of acne treatment with OCPs but are linked to increased patient discomfort and false-positive results. Evidence suggests that routine pelvic examinations do not significantly impact the effectiveness of acne management with OCPs but are associated with increased patient discomfort and higher rates of false-positive results. The analysis indicates that a more personalized approach, focusing on selective pelvic examinations based on individual risk factors and clinical symptoms, may offer a more practical and patient-centered alternative. The review advocates for a reexamination of existing guidelines to better align with a model of individualized care, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize best practices at the intersection of dermatological and gynecological care. Adopting a personalized approach to pelvic examinations could substantially improve patient care by minimizing unnecessary interventions and discomfort while maintaining the efficacy of acne treatment with oral contraceptive pills.

Inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes by refined bamboo vinegar and preparation of the slow-release system with bamboo charcoal as the carrier

Background:Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases that can significantly impact a considerable proportion of individuals over their lifetime.Objective:This study focuses on the exploration of the application potential of bamboo vinegar in cosmetics.Materials and Methods:The stock solution of bamboo vinegar is subjected to reduced-pressure distillation at different temperatures to obtain refined bamboo vinegar.Then,inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes(P.acnes)by refined bamboo vinegar is observed.Moreover,the refined bamboo vinegar is adsorbed and released with activated bamboo charcoal as the carrier.In all,this study aims to probe into the mechanism of the controlledrelease system of bamboo vinegar.Results:The results shows that the harmful substances(tar)in bamboo vinegar distilled at 70℃decreased by 94.44%,which is a more notable decrease compared with that in the stock solution.The total organic acid content in bamboo vinegar after reduced-pressure distillation is 11.840%,reaching the national standard for refined bamboo vinegar(GB/T 31734–2015).Additionally,the minimum inhibitory concentration of refined bamboo vinegar against P.acnes using the punch method is 7.90 mg/mL.This indicates that refined bamboo vinegar has the potential as a prospective raw material for formulations in anti-acne cosmetic products.Furthermore,the release rate of bamboo charcoal/bamboo vinegar in water for 15 min reaches 70.57%,which then slows down to a plateau.The slow-release behavior is agreed with the Ritger-Peppas model and is beneficial to relieve the irritation of bamboo vinegar to the skin and lengthen its bacteriostatic duration.Conclusion:The foregoing conclusions can serve as the theoretical foundation for the application of bamboo vinegar in anti-acne cosmetics.

Treatment of 56 Cases of Women with Post-adolescent Acne by Auricular Point Sticking Method

Acne is a common disorder in adolescence. However, more and more patients are over 25 years old. This type of acne is recurrent, so it is called post-adolescence acne. The author treated 56 cases of women with post-adolescence ache by auricular point sticking method, and obtained excellent results. It is reported as follows.

Optimal laboratory testing protocol for patients with acne taking oral isotretinoin

BACKGROUND Isotretinoin is a widely prescribed drug for various dermatological conditions,especially acne.Blood tests are routinely performed to monitor its side effects.However,the optimal testing schedule remains controversial.AIM To evaluate the laboratory monitoring tests and schedules of patients with acne taking isotretinoin to determine the most efficient testing regimen.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records from the Dermatology Department of Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital from 2005 to 2020 for patients prescribed isotretinoin for acne who underwent monthly blood tests.RESULTS Aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and trigly-ceride(TG)levels significantly changed between 5 and 6 mo when the total prescription period and dose variables were considered altogether.The high-density lipoprotein level also significantly changed between 5 and 6 mo.However,low-density lipoprotein(LDL)and total cholesterol levels significantly changed between 1 and 2 mo.CONCLUSION We recommend testing AST,ALT,and TG levels once every 5 to 6 mo.We also suggest testing LDL and total cholesterol levels during the first and second months.

Serum level changes of inflammatory cytokines in patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris treated with dual-wavelength laser

Background:Acne vulgaris(AV)is a common inflammatory skin disease.Although various mechanisms have been indicated in the etiopathogenesis of AV,the exact pathophysiology remains unknown.Various lasers have been used to treat AV;however,the serum level changes of inflammatory cytokines after laser therapy have not been elucidated.We aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammatory changes and remission on the opposite side in patients with moderate to severe AV after treating half of the face with 595-and 1064-nm dualwavelength laser.Methods:In total,18 patients(9 male and 9 female)between 16 and 35 years of age with moderate to severe AV were evaluated in the study.Disease severity was classified according to the Pillsbury grading system of acne.Patients were randomized to receive a series of two treatment sessions at intervals of 2 weeks and followed up at 2 weeks after the final treatment.A 3 mL blood sample was drawn from every subject each time,and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,and IL-22 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and 2 weeks after each treatment.Improvement was determined by a blinded assessment of photographs taken before and after the final evaluation.Results:Inflammation was significantly reduced on both the treated and untreated sides,and symptoms of AV lesions were alleviated.All patients showed a significant increase in serum IL-22 levels after the first laser therapy,with no significant difference in serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels.After the second laser therapy,serum IL-6,IL-8,and IL-22 levels were significantly decreased.No significant side effects such as bruising,edema,hyperpigmentation,hypopigmentation,or scarring were reported.Conclusion:Half-face treatment with 595-and 1064-nm dual-wavelength laser for moderate and severe AV showed a significant effect of full-face remission,which was associated with a gradual decrease in IL-6,IL-8,and IL-22 levels after half-face topical treatment.This suggests that reducing inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum can relieve inflammation in non-therapeutic sites.This laser treatment is effective,economical,and painless.

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ对P.acnes诱导的人角质形成细胞焦亡、增殖及凋亡的影响

目的分析过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ(peroxisomeproliferator-activatedreceptors,PPAR-γ)对痤疮丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium acnes(P.acnes)诱导的细胞焦亡、增殖及凋亡效应的影响,为痤疮的临床治疗提供新的理论依据。方法采用IHC方法检测痤疮患者皮损中PPAR-γ的表达。使用慢病毒转染,在HaCaT细胞中过表达PPAR-γ,1×107 CFU/mL P.acnes诱导细胞,通过Western blot验证PPAR-γ蛋白的表达;采用ELISA法检测细胞内焦亡相关炎症因子IL-1β和IL-18;EdU和流式细胞术检测细胞增殖和凋亡;Western blot检测细胞焦亡相关蛋白,如NOD样受体家族3(NLRP3)蛋白、活化的半胱天冬酶1(Caspase-1)、Gasdermin D(GSDMD)的表达水平。结果PPAR-γ在痤疮组织中表达明显降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,P.acnes处理后,细胞焦亡相关炎症因子IL-1β和IL-18增加(P<0.01);细胞焦亡相关蛋白NLRP3、Caspase-1和GSDMD的表达水平增加(P<0.05)。过表达PPAR-γ后,在P.acnes诱导下,过表达组与对照组比IL-1β和IL-18明显降低,细胞增殖能力增加,凋亡水平明显下降,细胞焦亡相关蛋白NLRP3、Caspase-1和GSDMD的表达减少,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PPAR-γ可有效调节P.acnes诱导的细胞焦亡并对人角质形成细胞增殖、凋亡进行调控。

A Case Report of Concurrent Acne-Related Occurrence Complications: Telangiectasia, Post-Inflammatory Erythema, Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation, and Atrophic and Hypertrophic Scars

Prior to his initial diagnosis, a 21-year-old male had been experiencing facial acne for two years and had been treated by a doctor in private practice. The patient visited our department because the clinical manifestations of mandibular acne did not improve. At the time of initial examination, telangiectasia (TE), post-inflammatory erythema (PIE), post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), atrophic scars (ASs), and a hypertrophic scar (HS) with induration were observed on the right neck. We diagnosed this as an acne vulgaris complication. HS lesions were topically treated by injecting triamcinolone acetonide, and the patient was prescribed 8.1 g/day of oral Saireito (Japanese herb). Adapalene benzoyl peroxide gel and topical tacrolimus hydrate ointment were used to treat PIE and TE. Both HSs and PIE improved;however, TE and AS did not improve. Currently, the patient is under observation. We consider this to be a very rare concurrent occurrence of diverse complications of acne vulgaris, and present the following case study.

Effective Skin Care Guidance for Patients with Acne Vulgaris after Standard Treatment

With the introduction of new drugs, the treatment of acne vulgaris has improved dramatically;however, there remains a considerable gap between treatment outcomes and patients’ treatment goals. This study aimed to determine whether dermatologists’ guidance on appropriate skincare for skin symptoms such as post-inflammatory erythema and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which are not covered by acne treatment, leads to an improvement in patients’ skin condition and patient satisfaction. Japanese women who had completed standard treatment for acne vulgaris and those with mild symptoms not requiring treatment were included in the study. The participants received instructions about skin care at the beginning of the study, which they continued to apply for 6 weeks. At the start and end of the study, participants were examined by a dermatologist;afterward, skin measurements, including skin color, skin surface lipid content, and image analysis by VISIA® Evolution, analysis of stratum corneum obtained from the skin surface, and Skindex-16 questionnaire for assessing quality of life (QOL), were performed. The following showed significant improvements: PIH score, number of inflammatory acne lesions, and number of non-inflammatory acne lesions observed via skin examination;skin surface lipid content and values of L* and a* obtained via instrumental measurement;n number of pore, texture, red spot, and pigmented spot obtained via by image analysis;and degree of multilayer exfoliation and interleukin-1α determined by analysis of epidermal stratum corneum. QOL measurement using Skindex-16 also improved significantly. Appropriate skin care guidance following standard acne vulgaris treatment is helpful in achieving patients’ treatment goals. .

SPS烧结温度对ACNs/Ti复合材料组织结构与力学性能的影响

通过放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备ACNs(无定形碳纳米颗粒)/Ti复合材料,并采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜以及电子万能试验机对不同烧结温度下ACNs/Ti复合材料的显微组织、相组成及力学性能进行表征。结果表明,较低烧结温度(800℃)下,未反应的ACNs虽然会对复合材料的强度有所贡献,但其与基体的界面结合较弱,会导致复合材料塑性严重下降。较高烧结温度(1000℃)下,与基体充分反应的TiC颗粒过度生长后尺寸较大,这一现象会造成材料强度下降。当烧结温度为900℃时,ACNs与Ti基体完全反应生成TiC颗粒,这种细小弥散的TiC沿着基体颗粒周围分布形成了准连续网状结构,此时ACNs/Ti复合材料具有最佳的强塑性匹配,其抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率分别为648.19 MPa、551.02 MPa、36.19%。

A study on the mechanism of acupuncture treatment of acne based on immune inflammation

Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving hair follicle sebaceous glands,which is characterized by acne,papules,pustules,nodules,cysts and so on.The disorder of immune inflammation is the key link.A variety of factors participate in the immune inflammatory response of acne and interact with each other,leading to the occurrence and development of acne inflammation.Acupuncture can regulate the immune and inflammatory response through many links and improve the skin lesions.This study explains potential mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of acne by regulating the body's immune inflammatory response,in order to provide new ideas.

基于等效ACN - PCN的机场重载车辆通行性能分析

近年来,机场改扩建工程日益增多,且大多涉及不停航施工,即施工期间有大量诸如挖掘机、推土机、载重卡车等重型工程车辆在飞行区通行。施工期间,重型车辆在现有机场道面不同区域的通行对道面板带来新的荷载负担。因缺乏成熟的机场重型车载道面评估计算方法,重型车辆轮载是否会造成现行道面结构承载性能下降已成为机场管理机构关注的重点问题。有鉴于此,基于民航现行飞机等级号ACN计算规则,以工程重载卡车为例,提出了基于ACN的概念式计算与ACN等效荷载精确计算两种评估重载车辆道面通行能力的评价方法;通过有限元仿真,基于道面板底最大弯拉应力小于容许应力的基本原则,对机场重载车辆通行道面板性能进行精确计算与分析,评估案例机场的重载车辆道面板性能。结果表明重载车辆的ACN概念式计算结果精度较低,与ACN等效荷载精确计算结果相差较大;经过有限元仿真精确计算后的案例机场等效ACN值小于机场通报的最小PCN值,表明该重载卡车满足通行条件;验证了ACN等效荷载道面性能评价方法的可靠性,为机场不停航施工运行安全及工程管理评估提供重要参考。

NMP法和ACN法在丁二烯抽提装置中的应用

介绍了国内某企业采用NMP(N-甲基吡咯烷酮)法和ACN(乙腈)法建设的2套丁二烯抽提装置。通过对NMP法和ACN法丁二烯抽提装置的工艺流程特点、产品质量要求、溶剂萃取性能及装置经济效益及投资等方面进行总结,结合2套装置的实际运行数据,发现NMP法丁二烯抽提装置工艺流程更加合理紧凑,运行成本更低且NMP溶剂对环境更加友好。

Curative observation and the influence on the mental status of the patients with acne scars treated with pixe12940 laser

目的：了解痤疮凹陷性瘢痕患者的心理健康状况，观察Pixel 2940激光治疗痤疮凹陷性瘢痕的疗效及对患者心理健康的影响。方法：2010年10月～2012年8月，笔者科室采用Pixel 2940激光治疗痤疮瘢痕患者39例，并在治疗前和治疗结束后1月用Cardiff痤疮心理评估量表评估患者心理状况。结果：Pixel 2940激光治疗痤疮凹陷性瘢痕有效率达94．9％，副反应少而轻；痤疮影响了患者的心理健康，患者常常感到焦虑、愤怒和自信心下降等，但治疗后心理明显好转。结论：用Pixel 2940激光治疗痤疮凹陷性瘢痕疗效稳定、副反应少，可改善患者心理健康状况。

逍遥散联合异维A酸对青春期后中重度痤疮患者IL-8和Qol-Acne评分的影响

目的:探究逍遥散联合异维A酸软胶囊治疗青春期后中重度痤疮患者的临床效果。方法:选取笔者医院收治的72例青春期后中重度痤疮患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组36例,对照组给予异维A酸软胶囊口服治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予联合逍遥散口服治疗,两组均治疗1个月。比较两组患者的中医症候积分、炎性因子水平、皮损积分和生活质量评分。结果:治疗后,两组患者的中医证候积分均显著降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者的IL-8和TNF-α值均显著降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者的情感功能、社会功能、自我感知评分升高,观察组高于对照组,且皮肤病生活质量指数(DLQI)评分均降低,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);随着治疗时间的延长,皮损积分逐渐降低,均低于治疗前,且每个时间点比较,观察组均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:逍遥散联合异维A酸软胶囊治疗青春期后中重度痤疮疗效显著,可明显减少皮损,并改善患者生活质量。