An Inquiry into Success Factors for Post-disaster Housing Reconstruction Projects: A Case of Kerala, South India

The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami triggered significant destruction to housing and related infrastructures across various coastal districts of south India.Research shows that tsunami reconstruction projects in Kerala experienced different degrees of success and failure.On this background,this study explored factors that contributed to the successful implementation of tsunami housing projects in Kerala by(1)consolidating various critical success factors(CSFs)for post-disaster reconstruction(PDR)projects under‘‘project management success traits’’through content analysis of existing literature;(2)deriving a conceptual model that envisages project success in PDR contexts;and(3)assessing the impacts of those success traits on tsunami housing projects using confirmatory factor analysis.Necessary data were gathered through a survey of various stakeholders involved in tsunami reconstruction projects in Kerala using structured questionnaires.The research revealed that PDR project success is attributed to critical dimensions of project management such as institutional mechanisms,reconstruction strategies,project implementation,and stakeholder management.A conceptual model with the interplay of project success,success traits,as well as their CSFs identified the project management actions that must be monitored during reconstruction.Since the project management approach is widely recognized for PDR projects,these success traits hold huge potential for effective organization and management of housing reconstruction projects.The study also helped to identify project management traits that need improvements for the successful implementation of post-disaster housing projects in Kerala.Thus the research findings can serve as a foundational study for formulating project management strategies appropriate to PDR projects in Kerala.

The Planning, Organization and Management of Post-disaster Reconstruction of the Lushan Earthquake Based on the Local as the Main Body

A new organization and management mechanism with the local government as the main body was created during the post-disaster reconstruction of the "4. 20 " Lushan earthquake,in which the experiences and lessons were drawn from the "5. 12"Wenchuan earthquake. Correspondingly, the local government conducted an exploration of the organization and management mode in the field of planning and construction. The effective experiences have been accumulated, including working out a full coverage planning,taking the leading part in the urban-rural planning,and exercising whole space control over the disaster area. An innovation management mode named as "Five Generals Pattern"was implemented in the construction projects. In view that the rural housing reconstruction was a weak link, a new approach to improving the construction management was investigated,by means of strengthening on-site supervision,establishing a technical platform,and bolstering public participation.

Egyptianizing the Classical Approaches of Post-disaster Housing

This research is intended as a practical guide on how to custom-tailor post-disaster housing approaches to suit the countries in which they are implemented.Three classical approaches are chosen,discussed and analytically compared in order to unveil the shortcomings of their implementation in a country such as Egypt which is faced by technological,economic and time-related challenges in our current time.Strategies are synthesized to in order to overcome these challenges and enhance the prospect of implementing the approaches in the country.Finally,the research presents a series of recommendations which can guide the implementation of the strategically enhanced approaches while bearing reference to real-life challenges and opportunities.

Projects Lists Relating to Post-disaster Reconstruction

Aba Prefecture Company Name:Sichuan Xintong New Materials Co.Ltd. Address:Shuimo,Wenchuan Nature of Business:Private Project Name:Processing and Sale of Tourism Products Details:Producing and processing of Natural crystal products,man-made gem and other

Tribal Councils as a Decision-Making Mechanism for Post-disaster Reconstructions： A Case Study of Ulaljuc

Since the 1990s, indigenous people in Taiwan have engaged in tribal councils for the purpose of integrating the tribal authority and the modern administrative system. The establishment of tribal councils provides a communicative forum for tribal leaders, village, and the association of community development to make decisions of common tribal affairs. When disasters happen, the internal tribal response strategies and external assistance mechanisms might cooperate through either traditional or modern administrative systems. The research focused on how these organizations, while in interim housing, influenced the reconstruction and rehabilitation after disasters. The research＇s findings suggested that tribal councils, a pre-existing mechanism, seemed to be an appropriate forum for negotiation and decision-making for tribal affairs.

Post-Disaster Reconstruction of Alishan Tsou Tribe in Different Place and Sustainable Development

After the Morakot disaster in 2009, the affected indigenous tribes suffered from the government’s use of permanent housing as a single reconstruction option, which forced the victims to leave their original land for a new life in a different reconstruction mode. The purpose of this study is to explore the ways adopted by tribal residents to maintain their own culture and tribal life in the process of disaster, post disaster reconstruction and post disaster adjustment. Veoveoana Village in Taiwan is an indigenous tribe that relocated after a disaster and was reconstructed and developed through tourism development. This study performed the research by participant observation and in-depth interviews on Veoveoana Village. The analytical results showed that: 1) development of the tourism industry can result in cultural reconstruction of the post-disaster tribe and maintain the people’s incomes;2) although the government constantly assists with the rehabilitation of tribal industry by various policies, the implementation cannot effectively continue and the outcome is insignificant;3) due to the gap between permanent prefabricated housing and original tribal cultural features, the residential rate is not high. According to the research findings, it is suggested that, in the process of post-disaster reconstruction, the government and private non-profit organizations should respect the intention of the majority of the indigenous people. In addition, it should cultivate professional manpower for the subsidized projects.

Reconstruction Mode of Rural Dilapidated Houses in Alpine and Gorge Area of Southwest China——A Case Study of Scientific Identification and Precision Reconstruction of Rural Dilapidated Houses in Luquan County,Yunnan Province

The transformation of dilapidated houses in rural areas is not only a livelihood project related to the broad masses of rural people,but also a major project to win the battle against poverty. Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,located in the high mountain and gorge area along Jinsha River,is one of the key counties of poverty alleviation and development with a wide range of poverty and a deep degree of poverty. The incidence of poverty is 22. 21%. Housing security is the focus,difficulty and emphasis of poverty alleviation in this county,the number of dilapidated houses is large,the type is complex,the transformation is difficult,and the implementation cost is high.Since the beginning of 2017,Luquan County has faced difficulties,explored in depth,pioneered and innovated,and completed the renovation of 54 801 dilapidated houses in an all-round way. It created a road full of characteristics and effectiveness of rural dilapidated housing transformation,and explored a set of effective scientific identification and accurate transformation models for rural dilapidated housing worthy of reference and promotion. Successful renovation of dilapidated houses,combined with industrial poverty alleviation,education poverty alleviation,health poverty alleviation and other accurate poverty alleviation measures,have made Luquan County win a decisive victory in the fight against poverty. By the end of December 2018,the incidence of poverty in the county had dropped to 0. 54%,and 115 poor villages( including 83 extremely poor villages) had successfully shaken off poverty. This paper analyzes and summarizes the concrete methods,main effects,characteristics and bright spots,successful experience,and reference significance of the scientific identification and precise transformation mode of rural dilapidated houses in this county,so as to provide a necessary reference for the transformation of rural dilapidated houses in Yunnan Province and even poor counties in similar provinces( cities and districts).

Factors Influencing Post-disaster Reconstruction Project Management for Housing Provision in the Gaza Strip, Occupied Palestinian Territories

In the Occupied Palestinian Territories, the Gaza Strip has suffered regular cycles of reconstruction due to systematic destruction during Israeli military operations, as in 2006, 2008–2009, 2012, and 2014. In this context of ongoing conflict this article aims to identify, rank, and discuss the most important factors influencing post-disaster reconstruction project management(PDRPM) for housing in the Gaza Strip. A set of key factors that influence PDRPM were assembled as a result of a global literature review. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and the obtained data were analyzed using a relative importance index for each PDRPM factor. Findings are presented in six groups: housing approaches, organizational behavior, project funding, supply chain and logistics, communication and coordination, and PDRPM context. Findings indicate that the most significant factors that influence PDRPM for housing provision in the Gaza Strip are related to issues associated with financial resources. It is critical that sufficient funding should be available in order to allow organizations to undertake housing projects in an effective and efficient way. Joint efforts are required from international donors and local organizations in order to effectively manage financial resources with the ultimate goal of improving PDRPM for housing provision.

Likelihood of Innovative Construction Techniques to Build Disaster Resilience for Vernacular Housing in the Highland of Central Vietnam

Disaster mitigation for marginal communities has become one of the most significant development goals of the 21st century. Vietnam has been reported one of the five most vulnerable nations in the world to climate change and so serves as a useful case study in developing appropriate housing solutions after disasters. In addition, some local communities in remote mountainous areas of Vietnam still keep strong vernacular traditions in their housing, especially the typical timber house-on-stilt, which need intense consideration before employing any new techniques of disaster mitigation on them. Perceptions on how to develop a sustainable housing solution for such communities, therefore, is still controversial with very few useful options developed to date. The paper investigates the existing unsafe conditions of traditional houses of a local community in the central highland of Vietnam, exposed to natural disasters, together with an identification of several traditional features of this housing that would be needed to preserve in future construction. Some important gaps of these traditional houses in terms of disaster risk reduction are then displayed to show opportunities where new construction techniques have a high possibility to perform against extreme climate events.

A Consideration of Issues in the Government＇s Public Housing Projects in Post-War Iraq

Post-war Iraq is a mix of potential opportunities, promising intentions, and difficult challenges. After 2003, the government adopted a program to manage the housing crisis and satisfy housing needs. Through a fieldwork survey, we aimed to present this program by reviewing the government targets, main housing problems, governmental legislations, and construction process. We found that the government abandoned its centralized role in its National Housing Project as it opened the door of Iraqi housing market to foreign and local investors. We also found that, considering the enormous need for housing the occupancy rate of the governmental housing units are so low and construction is also generally slow. We deduced that the pricing model of the government＇s national housing project is far from our general notion of public housing for low-income post-war people. Moreover, it is necessary for the government to formulate a clearer strategic vision and to adopt more innovative approaches to address effectively and rapidly the trade-offs of the short and long terms objectives of the reconstruction process in post-war Iraq.

Major Issues of Post-earthquake Housing Construction during Resettlement

Natural disasters provide an acute image of how man-made technologies are a cause of conflict when it comes to nature. It is man versus wild in its true means. The nature lets us grow and increase our settlements. We encroach on other animals＇ territories and it is only when the environment＇s patience runs out that it retaliates in forms of natural disasters. These disasters affect numerous lives and kill a lot ofhnmans. This is the main reason why we require more stable structures and preventive measures to battle the wrath of the nature. Rescue and search operations are conducted by many different government and private agencies including NGOs. These operations aim at providing the required relief and supplies after the disaster. Injured people need to be treated. People in dangerous zones need to be evacuated. Help is needed in many forms. Out of the many natural disasters, this paper will focus on the occurrence of earthquakes. Severe earthquakes destroy buildings and structures like roads, bridges etc. and wreak havoc in the community. Earthquakes largely damage all human constructions, including houses. This is the reason why a reconstruction program for dwellings and housings is of utmost importance. A home is only secondary to basic needs such as food and water. A well-planned strategy is important when it comes to launching a post-earthquake reconstruction program. The strategy should be reasonable and should consider the best interests of everyone affected; self-help and imported fabrication should play no part in the decision-making procedures. Creating awareness, physically demonstrating options and delivering are the three steps for the success of reconstruction programs. The extent of affected area and the magnitude of earthquakes are variable in nature and it is on these two aspects that the reconstruction strategy is devised. Technical aspects are focused towards the development of the affected areas and conceptual design of surrounding neighborhoods. It also aims at identifying seminars and programs based on easy financing for a new home. Along with these, review processes are conducted for the analysis of new residential needs based on optimizing the use of available land for planning and development. The paper discusses the construction of housing and resettlements as prioritized activities that must be undertaken post an earthquake. Earthquakes physically only destroy structures and buildings but for the people affected, they destroy lives, jobs, companies, sources of food and the sense of safety and traumatize the ones who come out alive.

Study on Sustainable Reconstruction of Rural Housing after Earthquake: A Pilot Project in Yinchi Village, Shifang, Sichuan Province

The strong earthquake that shook Sichuan Province in 2008 resulted in a tremendous loss of life and possession. To develop a more sustainable reconstruction strategy, this pilot project explores one solution by summarizing and analyzing the design strategy and building process that is developed based on five aspects, including seismic-resistance, energy preservation, ecological materials,flexibility and affordability and contextual impact, as well as social equity.

中国传统地域建筑文化的当代重构议题——基于徽州合院形式的设计探索

徽州合院是特定地域内自然环境和社会文化在建筑形式上的重要表征。本文针对中国传统地域建筑文化的当代重构议题,立足于徽州合院形式的设计探索,从形式美学、空间组织、场所营造三个方面解析传统徽州合院地域特征,运用特征归纳、比较分析、案例解读等方法解读三个当代建筑案例,进而揭示出徽州合院在形式操作、空间组织、组群构建三个层级上转译与重构方法,阐释当今地域创作中对徽州合院形式的传承与变异,探索徽州合院形式对当代创作的潜能,并探讨建筑实践中传统与当代、地域与全球的关系。

层级目标下沈阳市老旧住宅适老改造研究

随着我国老龄化程度加深,探究与完善老旧住宅的适老化改造刻不容缓。以沈阳老旧住宅为研究对象,以分层级改造的目标出发,从老年人的心理需求、生理需求来确定适老化改造层级。结合现有优秀案例,针对发现的问题提出安全性改造、舒适化改造和健康改造三个从老年人需求层级出发的适老化改造策略。

内蒙古西部地区民居被动式节能改造研究——以鄂尔多斯为例

目前,严寒地区的农村民居存在着能耗高、舒适度低的问题,相关研究较多集中在东北地区和内蒙古东部,而有关内蒙古西部的草原民居研究相对较少。针对这一现状,提出了一种针对内蒙古西部气候特征和民居问题的优化改造框架,该框架以能源使用强度(EUI)、热舒适度不满意者的百分数(PPD)、改造后全生命周期的成本(LCC)为性能目标,利用深度神经网络(DNN)和遗传算法(NSGA-II)对民居的围护结构进行优化。选取鄂尔多斯地区的一户草原民居进行案例研究,利用Grasshopper平台进行性能模拟并获取数据集,使用Python语言训练深度神经网络模型,最终得到R^(2)评价指标较为理想的预测模型,之后利用遗传算法对该模型进行优化得到多个帕累托前沿解,使用Kmeans聚类算法对帕累托前沿解进行分析选出自己理想的方案。最后将选出的方案和改造前的方案进行对比,结果表明:LCC、EUI、PPD分别降低35%、33%和17.75%。

改建房结构安全的三阶提升预警模型

为研究改建房结构安全问题并提升模型预警精度,采用“文本-图像融合”、“信息再生成”和“智能优化模型参数”3个方法建立三阶提升预警模型。首先构建基础预警模型:选取VGG16、ResNet50等4种图像识别模型进行迁移学习,将性能最优者作为基础预警模型;之后进行第1次预警精度提升:收集测试集中对应的文本信息,经独热编码等预处理后与图像信息“融合”,优选随机森林等5种算法以提升预警精度;然后进行第2次精度提升:采用过采样-深度卷积生成对抗网络(SMOTE-DCGAN)策略提高模型对隐患改建房的“捕捉”能力;最后,使用金豺优化算法进行第3次提升。研究结果表明:DenseNet121模型更能抓取到隐患改建房图像特征;改建房结构安全预警模型最优的是支持向量机(SVM),准确率为82.5%;使用SMOTE-DCGAN策略后,表现最佳的SVM和XGBoost,其隐患改建房的召回率分别提升10和5个百分点;金豺优化算法下的“SMOTE-DCGAN-SVM”准确率、召回率、精确率和F 1值再次提升7.0、7.5、10.5和9.1个百分点。研究结果可为相关部门排查改建房安全隐患提供技术支持。

改扩建砖混隐患房屋机器视觉辨识模型

改扩建砖混房屋存量巨大,且易发生坍塌事故。仅靠人工方式辨识隐患房屋较为低效,尝试引入机器视觉模型更智能地辨识隐患房屋。首先,收集已标注安全现状的相关房屋图像7 114幅,经一定处理后按6∶2∶2的比例划分训练集、验证集与测试集;之后,选用ConvNeXt、Swin Transformer、ResNeXt、DenseNet和MobileNet五种视觉模型,以迁移学习的方法,进行适应本识别任务的微调训练,并与引入“随机裁剪拼接(Random Image Cropping and Patching, RICAP)”图像数据增强方法的训练结果对比;最后,综合运用多种指标评价各个模型表现。结果表明:引入RICAP方法训练的ConvNeXt模型,在测试集上取得0.945 9的准确率、0.974 2的召回率,比未使用该方法训练的表现最优的模型分别提升0.014 8、0.044 4,可更准确地辨识隐患房屋。

Electric Field Calculations of Residential Houses near UHVDC Lines Using 3D Reconstruction Method

Prediction of electric field impact on residential houses is required in the design of UHVDC transmission lines.The calculation of electric field distribution on houses is a 3D problem,however,the effectiveness of some 2D calculation meth-ods has been validated by specific reduced-scale experimental models.The 2D methods are simple in operation and quick in computation compared with the 3D methods.In this paper,the deviation ranges of 2D electric field calculation results on houses are discussed.Then,a 3D electric field reconstruction method is proposed to correct the 2D results according to the size and location of the houses.The 3D electric field distribution on the houses can be obtained based on efficient 2D calculations,and a direct 3D calculation is avoided.Finally,the validity of the calculation methods is verified by the measurement results of a full-scale experimental system.

建筑改建为保障性租赁住房设计标准探讨

本文介绍了国内建筑结构设计规范以及不同版本抗震设计规范的修订内容,分析了全文强制性工程建设规范《既有建筑鉴定与加固通用规范》、国家标准《建筑抗震鉴定标准》和上海市《现有建筑抗震鉴定与加固标准》的异同以及对保障性租赁住房改建项目的影响;针对保障性租赁住房改建项目的特点,从减少结构加固改造的角度对改建保障性租赁住房项目提出建筑设计方案建议和结构鉴定加固建议。其中,建筑设计方案建议包括逆向设计、轻质装配式隔墙、集成卫浴等,结构鉴定加固建议包括:抗震鉴定的建筑分类应同时考虑建造年代和设计规范版本;改建保障性租赁住房的后续设计使用年限建议按30年考虑;不动原结构的改建保障性租赁住房按不低于原建造设计规范进行鉴定。

基于引擎式开发的城中村改造数字化平台的设计与实现

城中村作为城市化的产物,既是城市发展所面临的问题,又是城市发展的机遇。为有效提升城市品质、改善居民生活条件、推动城市经济发展,开展城中村改造工作势在必行。本文立足于济南市城市发展水平和城中村改造工作开展现状,基于济南市“智慧住建”成果,构建了济南市城中村改造数字化平台,建设了城中村改造时空数据中心、项目库管理、全生命周期管理和城中村改造一张图等功能,满足了城中村改造工作的业务支撑、综合监管、辅助决策、社会服务等多样化需求,为稳步推动城中村改造工作、推动城市高质量发展提供了有力支撑。