Post-treatments of Super Absorbent Polymer

Properties of high absorbency and modulus (gel strength) were both needed in applications of superabsorbent polymer (SAP). Generally, the absorption characteristic and gel strength reach a crossover point for a given system. Beyond this point, a given property will show improvement at the expense of another property. To synthesize SAP with properties superior to this optimum value, further modification in the process becomes essential. In our post-treatment modification of superabsorbent polymer, neither the variety of the crosslinkers, nor their amount was found the effective factors to the polymer performance, but the liquor ratio of the treating liquid to polymer. The combination of the chemical treating and heat-treating method was also explored. But this didn’t put any positive effect on SAP’s properties.

Mechanical property of strain-hardening cementitious composites modified with superabsorbent polymers

In order to improve the tensile property, flexuralproperty and drying shrinkage of strain-hardening cementitiouscomposites （SHCC）, mixtures quantitatively modified withsuperabsorbent polymer （SAP） were investigated. Theuniaxial tensile test, the four-point bending test, thecompressive test, the drying shrinkage test and theenvironmental scanning electron microscope （ESEM） wereemployed to investigate the tensile strain capacity, flexuraldeformation capacity, compressive strength, drying shrinkage,crack width and self-healing of SHCC. The experimentalresults show that SHCC modified with SAP particles exhibitsexcellent ductility and deformability, and the tensile strain isup to about 4.5% and the average crack width is controlledaround 40 μm. Meanwhile, the drying shrinkage of SHCCmodified with SAP particles can reduce by about 60%.Furthermore, the self-healing behavior is observed in thecracks of specimen after three cycles of high-low relativehumidity curing, and the self-healing products can completelyfill the cracks of SHCC specimens modified with SAPparticles. It is, therefore, feasible to produce SHCC materialmodified with SAP particles, while simultaneously retaininghigher material ductility.

Preparation and Charcterization of Konjac Superabsorbent Polymer

A superabsorbent polymer was prepared by grafting sodium acrylate （ SA ） onto Konjac flour using potassium persulfate （KPS） and N, N＇-methylene bis acrylamide （ MBA ） as an initiator and crosslinker , respectively. The effect of various preparation conditions on its water absorbency was investigated. When the Konjac Flour content was 3.0g, the acrylic acid （AA） content was 30.0 g, the amount of initiator was 0. 150 g, the neutralization degree of monomer was 85% , the reaction temperature was 60 ℃ and the amount of crosslinker was 0.025 g, the polymer＇s absorbency was 750 times in pure water and 279 times in tap water at ambient temperature. It had also high water retention. The graft efficiency reached 67% . The analyses of FT-IR and SEM indicate that sodium acrylate is grafted on the polysaccharides of Konjac flour.

A Novel Method for Studying the Re-Swelling Capacity of Superabsorbent Polymers in An Artificial Crack

Re-swelling capacity is a key factor influencing the self-sealing efficiency of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) in concrete.In this paper,a new parameter (re-swelling ratio,η),the volume ratio of the crack which was filled with the expansive SAPs and the dry SAPs,was given to quantify the re-swelling capacity of a single SAPs particle.An innovative immersion test was used to study the η value of SAPs in the hardened cement paste with an artificial crack.Moreover,the influence of the crack width and particle size on the sealing efficiency of SAPs in the cracked paste was investigated by a water permeability test.The results showed that the mass ratios of the expansive SAPs in an artificial crack were less than those in a free state.The η value of SAPs in the hardened paste with an artificial crack increased with the increase of the crack width due to the restricting effects of the crack.The expansive SAPs in the cracked paste could totally seal or partly seal the crack within the original void.Moreover,the sealing efficiency of SAPs slightly increased with the rise of the crack width (0.25 to 0.5 mm) and the reduction of the particle size.This research demonstrates that the crack width in concrete and the particle size of SAPs are the key factors influencing the re-swelling behavior of SAPs which should be taken into consideration when designing the self-sealing concrete containing SAPs.

Experimental Synthesis of Polyacrylic-Type Superabsorbent Polymer and Analysis of Its Internal Curing Performances

A solution polymerization method has been used to synthesize a polyacrylic-type superabsorbent polymer(SAP).The influence of various influential factors,such as the temperature,neutralization degree,cross-linking agent,and initiator,on the water absorption capacity of SAP has been investigated.The results show that the absorption can display a non-monotonic behavior depending on the synthesis conditions.The absorption can also change according to the pH,ion types and ion concentration.As the pH value increases,the water absorption capacity decreases significantly.It also decreases if the N^(a+)concentration becomes higher and becomes particularly low in solutions containing Mg^(2+).With the addition of SAP,the compressive strength of cement mortar decreases;the internal relative humidity can be maintained at 96%within 200 hours;and autogenous shrinkage can be reduced by nearly 69%.

An Investigation into the Performances of Cement Mortar Incorporating Superabsorbent Polymer Synthesized with Kaolin

Cement-based materials are fundamental in the construction industry,and enhancing their properties is an ongoing challenge.The use of superabsorbent polymers(SAP)has gained significant attention as a possible way to improve the performance of cement-based materials due to their unique water-absorption and retention properties.This study investigates the multifaceted impact of kaolin intercalation-modified superabsorbent polymers(K-SAP)on the properties of cement mortar.The results show that K-SAP significantly affects the cement mortar’s rheological behavior,with distinct phases of water absorption and release,leading to changes in workability over time.Furthermore,K-SAP alters the hydration kinetics,delaying the exothermic peak of hydration and subsequently modifying the heat release kinetics.Notably,K-SAP effectively maintains a higher internal relative humidity within the mortar,reducing the autogenous shrinkage behavior.Moreover,K-SAP can have a beneficial effect on pore structure and this can be ascribed to the internal curing effect of released water from K-SAP.

Hydration, microstructure and autogenous shrinkage behaviors of cement mortars by addition of superabsorbent polymers

Superabsorbent Polymer(SAP)has emerged as a topic of considerable interest in recent years.The present study systematically and quantitively investigated the effect of SAP on hydration,autogenous shrinkage,mechanical properties,and microstructure of cement mortars.Influences of SAP on hydration heat and autogenous shrinkage were studied by utilizing TAM AIR technology and a non-contact autogenous shrinkage test method.Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)was employed to assess the microstructure evolution.Although SAP decreased the peak rate of hydration heat and retarded the hydration,it significantly increased the cumulative heat,indicating SAP helps promote the hydration.Hydration promotion caused by SAP mainly occurred in the deceleration period and attenuation period.SAP can significantly mitigate the autogenous shrinkage when the content ranged from 0 to 0.5%.Microstructure characteristics showed that pores and gaps were introduced when SAP was added.The microstructure difference caused by SAP contributed to the inferior mechanical behaviors of cement mortars treated by SAP.

Superabsorbent polymer for water management in forestry

The effectiveness of a superabsorbent polymer of sodium polyacrylate was studied, with emphasis on water management, i.e., absorption, retention and desorption in the soil. The polymer was applied in plots with a sandy soil near Grandola (southern Portugal). Characterization of the most relevant physical and chemical properties of the polymer was made, namely, its specific gravity, particle diameter, capacity of water absorption and desorption. In the plots with and without the polymer, soil moisture was continuously monitored, and grassland biomass samples were collected and weighed. The results reflected the effective role of the polymer both in the improvement of the water regime in the soil and in the substantial increment of grassland productivity.

Effect of superabsorbent polymer on mechanical properties of cement stabilized base and its mechanism

Superabsorbent polymers(SAPs)are cross-linked polymers that can absorb and retain large amounts of water.In recent years,a growing interest was seen in applying SAPs in concrete to improve its performance due to its efficiency in mitigating shrinkage.This paper presents findings in a study on effect of SAPs on performance of cement-treated base(CTB),using the experience of internal curing of concrete.CTB specimens with and without SAPs were prepared and tested in the laboratory.Tests conducted include mechanical property testing,dry shrinkage testing,differential thermal analysis,mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscope testing.It was found that 7-day and 28-day unconfined compressive strength of CTB specimens with SAPs was higher than regular CTB specimens.28d compressive strength of CTB specimens with SAPs made by Static pressure method was 5.87 MPa,which is 27%higher than that of regular CTB specimens.Drying shrinkage of CTB specimens with SAPs was decreased by 52.5%comparing with regular CTB specimens.Through the microstructure analysis it was found that CTB specimens with SAPs could produce more hydration products,which is also the reason for the strength improvement.

Super-absorbent swellable polymer as grouting material for treatment of karst water inrush

Grouting is the most commonly used method to control water inrush in underground engineering.Traditional cement-based materials are easy to dilute and hard to coagulate under the influence of large flow and high-velocity water inrush.To address these deficiencies,a new type of polymer grouting material with an excellent expansion ratio was synthesised.The material quickly absorbs water and has an expansion ratio of 1:300.The material is composed of a superabsorbent polymer(SAP),glycerol,and ethanol.The effects of water quality on the expansion ratio and expansion rate of the material were examined,and the best solid–liquid ratio for the slurry was determined by fluidity measurements.A karst specially designed pipeline water inrush test device showed that 800 g of SAP can achieve 0.6 m/s water flow blockage in the smooth pipeline,demonstrating that the ability of the SAP slurry to block water inrush is superior to those of other materials.This study provides a reference for water inrush plugging,and has important implications for the reduction and control of karst pipeline-type water inrush disasters,ensuring the safety of construction sites and preventing loss of life and damage to property.

Influence of Suspension Parameters on Water Absorbency of Starch-poly(sodium acrylate) Synthesized by Inverse Suspension Polymerization

Superabsorbents starch grafted sodium polyacrylate was prepared by inverse suspension polymerization, using toluene as the continuous phase, potassiun persulfate as the initiator. The effect of suspension parameters, such as volume ratio of continuous phase and dispersed phase,type and dosage of suspending agents, on water absorbency of the starch grafted polymer was studied.Different starch derivatives were also investigated.Superabsorbents made of cationic starch has higher water absorbency than that made of native corn starch.

Influence of Reaction Parameters on Water Absorbency of Starch Grafted Superabsorbents

Superabsorbents starch grafted sodium polyacrylate was synthesized by inverse suspension polymerization, using toluene as the continuous phase, potassium persulfate as the initiator. The effect of reaction parameters, such as starch pretreatment temperature, neutralization degree of monomer, reaction time and temperature, concentration of initiator, molar ratio of monomer and starch, on water absorbency of the starch grafted polymer was studied. The effects of the last two parameters were investigated by uniform design method, and the prediction equation was obtained.

丙烯酸基高吸水性树脂的研究进展

介绍了高吸水性树脂的制备方法以及各种方法的优缺点。概述了不同的改性材料对高吸水性树脂吸水保水性能的影响,并给出了增加比表面积、分子量、活性基团数量、适当的中和度和交联度等方法来提高吸水保水能力。总结了高吸水性树脂在环境治理、建筑材料和农林业三个领域的应用。对高吸水性树脂性能的进一步改善进行了展望,开发低成本、可降解的高吸水性树脂仍是亟需解决的难题。

玉米秸秆纤维素基保水缓释肥的制备及性能研究

以玉米秸秆纤维素(CSC)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,采用溶液聚合法制备可降解高吸水聚合物玉米秸秆纤维素-g-聚丙烯酸(CSC-g-PAA)。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对CSC-g-PAA材料的形貌和结构进行表征。进一步研究CSC-g-PAA在土壤中的持水性、保水性以及降解性。结果表明,CSC-g-PAA在去离子水中的吸水率可达702.89 g/g, 5次循环后CSC-g-PAA的吸水率仍然为初始吸水率的47.27%;添加土壤3%(质量分数)的CSC-g-PAA,土壤持水率为70.51%,36 d后保水率为15.50%;CSC-g-PAA在土壤中50 d的降解率为24.14%。采用液体浸渍法CSC-g-PAA尿素最高负载率为81.76%,具有优异的缓释性能,符合M_(t)/M_(∞)=Ktn模型。CSC-g-PAA能集吸水、保水和负载养分及缓释的功能于一体,在农业生产中具有节水、减施增效的巨大潜力。

SAP对含粗骨料超高性能混凝土收缩和力学性能的影响

含粗骨料超高性能混凝土(粗骨料UHPC)可兼顾超高强度和超高耐久性能,进一步降低收缩,但自收缩较大的问题仍未解决。文章主要研究了高吸水性树脂(SAP)在0.1%、0.15%和0.2%胶凝材料用量下,相对于膨胀剂对粗骨料UHPC工作性、自收缩以及力学性能的影响。

吸水树脂集料混凝土的中心质效应研究

本文基于中心质假说,通过测试单个吸水树脂集料(SAP集料)或聚苯乙烯颗粒(EPS集料)的混凝土抗压强度,定量表征了不同颗粒粒径(6~20 mm)SAP集料的正、负中心质效应。结果表明,SAP集料释水对水泥砂浆表现出界面增强的正中心质效应与形成孔洞造成的负中心质效应。提出了SAP集料引入气孔带来负中心质效应的经验公式。随着SAP集料颗粒粒径增加,负中心质效应逐渐增强,同时正中心质效应呈先增强后变弱的趋向。提出了SAP集料在不同水灰比砂浆基体中的“临界尺寸”的概念,临界尺寸与基体的水灰比、养护龄期等因素有关。

SAP对含氧化镁膨胀剂水泥砂浆早期自愈合性能的影响

为研究超吸水聚合物(SAP)对含氧化镁膨胀剂水泥砂浆早期自愈合性能的影响,在掺氧化镁膨胀剂的水泥砂浆中加入经过预吸水处理的SAP,通过对不同损伤程度下的水泥砂浆抗压强度恢复率、毛细吸水率及超声波脉冲速度(UPV)进行试验分析。研究结果表明:复掺SAP与氧化镁膨胀剂的试件抗压强度恢复率较空白组均提高显著,提高幅度约为30%~43%;预压破坏荷载70%及以下的初始损伤试件,在28d时的毛细吸水率更接近未损伤试件,对预压破坏荷载超过70%的初始损伤试件与未损伤试件的毛细吸水率相差接近20%;相同损伤程度下,复掺SAP与氧化镁膨胀剂的试件UPV恢复率较单掺氧化镁膨胀剂的试件提高了10%左右,且随着氧化镁膨胀剂掺量的增加,UPV的恢复率也更为显著。

内养护剂和膨胀剂组合对混凝土收缩的影响

为在等抗压强度前提下调控混凝土的早期收缩开裂,以膨胀剂(HP-CSA)和由高吸水树脂(SAP)引入的内养护水占胶凝材料相同比例进行组合,设计了各自的内掺量均为0%、4.5%、6.0%、9.0%共4种混凝土配合比,研究了其对混凝土早期收缩的调控规律,并分析了混凝土收缩、力学强度、内部相对湿度和干燥失水率之间的关系.结果表明:混凝土早期收缩和内部相对湿度发展均呈2阶段规律;随“HP-CSA+SAP”组合掺量增加,其对混凝土早期收缩的调控作用逐渐增强,且在阶段I的调控作用更为显著,但28 d时仍不能根除混凝土的净干燥收缩;组合掺量对混凝土早期内部湿度发展的整体影响较小;混凝土28 d内的净干燥收缩与干燥失水率之间基本呈线性正相关.从调控收缩、强度保持和经济性等方面综合考虑,6.0%为最优调控组合掺量.

可应用于农林领域保水剂的研究进展

保水剂又称高吸水树脂,拥有吸水缓释和肥料控释的能力,对植物的生长有促进作用。保水剂可以由合成聚合物、天然聚合物以及有机和无机物组合合成。保水剂的合成包括物理、化学和杂化键合,主要通过本体聚合法、溶液聚合法、反相悬浮聚合法和辐射聚合法等方法实现。基于此,综述了保水剂的基本概念、性质、作用机理、合成方法及分类,并对其存在的一些问题进行了讨论,指出今后重点是对耐盐性高、可重复利用并能够大量生产的保水剂的研究。

SAP对沥青胶浆物理力学性能的影响研究

超吸水性树脂(SAP)有着良好的吸水和保水能力,在水泥基材料中得到了广泛的应用,但在沥青材料中的应用却鲜有研究。以SAP在工程材料领域广阔的应用前景为背景,通过温度扫描试验、多重应力蠕变恢复试验、线性振幅扫描试验、浸水拉拔试验以及扫描电镜试验对SAP替代不同掺量的矿粉(10%,20%,30%,40%)后改性沥青胶浆的基本物理力学性能进行研究。试验结果表明:当SAP等体积替代矿粉后,G*和G*/sinδ在矿粉替代量为10%时达到最大,超过10%后下降,并且掺量越多下降幅度越明显;SAP对沥青胶浆的相位角的影响较小;SAP的掺量为10%时,沥青胶浆表现出最佳的蠕变恢复能力;SAP等体积替代不超过10%的矿粉时,疲劳寿命有一定的提升,但超过10%后开始下降,并且掺量越大疲劳性能越差。SAP在干燥状态下对沥青胶浆与集料之间的黏附性影响很小,浸水后拉拔强度随着SAP掺量的增加略微下降,因此水损害指数逐渐下降;沥青胶浆在干燥状态下的破坏主要是黏聚破坏,而浸水之后的破坏状态为黏附破坏与黏聚破坏共存。SAP微观样貌形态与矿粉十分相似,矿粉和SAP均能够均匀地分散在沥青当中,但由于SAP呈弱酸性,沥青对SAP的包裹弱于沥青对矿粉的包裹。基于以上研究,SAP对矿粉的建议替换量为10%。