Risk factors and care of early surgical site infection after primary posterior lumbar interbody fusion

Objectives:To explore the risk factors and nursing measures of early surgical site infection(SSI)after posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF).Methods:A total of 468 patients who received PLIF in our hospital from January 2017 to June 2020 were enrolled into this study.According to the occurrence of early SSI,the patients were divided into two groups,and the general data were analyzed by univariate analysis.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted with the dichotomous variable of whether early SSI occurred and other factors as independent variables to identify the risk factors of early SSI and put forward targeted prevention and nursing measures.Results:Among 468 patients with PLIF,18 patients developed early SSI(3.85%).The proportion of female,age,diabetes mellitus and urinary tract infection(UTI),operation segment,operation time,post-operative drainage volume,and drainage time were significantly higher than those in the uninfected group,with statistical significance(P<0.05),whereas the preoperative albumin and hemoglobin in the infected group were significantly lower than those in the uninfected group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in the American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)grading,body mass index(BMI),complications including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or hypertension(P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative diabetes mellitus(OR=2.109,P=0.012)/UTI(OR=1.526,P=0.035),prolonged drainage time(OR=1.639,P=0.029)were risk factors for early SSI.Men(OR=0.736,P=0.027)and albumin level(OR=0.526,P=0.004)were protective factors in reducing early SSI.Conclusions:Women,preoperative diabetes/UTI,hypoproteinemia,and prolonged drainage time are risk factors for early SSI after PLIF.Clinical effective preventive measures should be taken in combination with targeted nursing intervention to reduce the risk of early SSI.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Cortical Bone Trajectory and Traditional Pedicle Screw Fixation in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is a common surgical procedure and widely used in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disorders. Traditionally, posterior lumbar interbody fusion is done by using the traditional pedicle screw (PS) which offers great advantages, but at the same time it has some disadvantages which include the risk of superior facet joint violation and muscle damage. Recently, an alternative method of screw insertion via cortical bone trajectory (CBT) has been invented which has less invasive process and can be placed without the drawbacks associated with the traditional pedicle screw. However, it has to remain an interest whether CBT will provide similar or greater clinical outcomes compared to PS in PLIF. So the main aim of this review is to compare the clinical outcomes of cortical bone trajectory and traditional pedicle screw fixation in posterior lumbar interbody fusion based on the articles published on this topic. Compared to the traditional pedicle screw fixation, PLIF with CBT has similar clinical outcome based on pain intensity, ODI status and JOA score, as well as similar fusion rate and radiological evaluated complication such as loosening of screw. In addition PLIF with CBT has advantages of less facet joint violation, less blood loss, less intraoperative muscle damage and perioperative pain. On the basis of this study, we can suggest that PLIF with CBT can be considered as a reasonable alternative to PS in PLIF.

Biomechanical Effects of Implant Materials on Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Comparison of Polyetheretherketone and Titanium Spacers Using Finite Element Analysis and Considering Bone Density

Few biomechanical data exist regarding whether the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) spacer or titanium spacer is better for posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). This study evaluated the biomechanical influence that these types of spacers with different levels of hardness exert on the vertebra by using finite element analysis including bone strength distribution. To evaluate the risk of spacer subsidence for PLIF, we built a finite element model of the lumbar spine using computed tomography data of osteoporosis patients. Then, we simulated PLIF in L3/4 and built models with the hardness of the interbody spacer set as PEEK and titanium. Bones around the spacer were subjected to different load conditions. Then, fracture elements and some stress states of the two modalities were compared. In both models of PLIF simulation, fracture elements and stress were concentrated in the bones around the spacer. Fracture elements and stress values of the model simulating the PEEK spacer were significantly smaller compared to those of the titanium simulation model. For PLIF of osteoporotic vertebrae, this suggested that the PEEK spacer is in a mechanical environment less susceptible to subsidence caused by microfractures of bone tissue and bone remodeling-related fusion aspects. Therefore, PEEK spacers are bio-mechanically more useful.

Can bone mineral density affect intra-operative blood loss of mini-invasive posterior lumbar interbody fusion?

Objective:Many factors affect intraoperative blood loss(BL)in mini-invasive posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF)procedures,but only few has examined.Specifically,the impact of bone mineral density(BMD)levels on intraoperative BL.This study aims to examine the correlation between these two factors.Methods:Retrospective review of 120 patients with low back disorders who were scheduled to undergo mini-invasive PLIF from October 2018 to October 2019 was performed.Patients were divided into two groups based on BMD of the lumbar spine:normal group and abnormal group(osteoporosis and osteopenia).Comparison of age,gender,BMD,BL,BMI,prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time,haemoglobin concentration,intraoperative mean arterial pressure,platelet count,and operative time(OT)between the two groups,and correlation analysis of BMD and BL were conducted.Results:The mean BL of patients in the abnormal group was remarkably higher than that in the normal group:357.22±152.55 ml and 259.37±125.90 ml respectively(p<0.001).The partial correlation coefficient between BL and BMD was0.45(p<0.001).The results of univariate regression analysis demonstrated that only BMD,gender,and OT were related to BL(BMD,r=0.427,p<0.001;gender,r=0.211,p=0.024;OT,r=0.318,p=0.001).While multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that patients with lower BMD and longer OT had a higher amount of intraoperative BL(p<0.001).Conclusions:BMD is an important factor influencing intraoperative BL in mini-invasive PLIF.It should be assessed routinely as a part of the preoperative examination to improve preoperative assessment and ensure patient safety.

Delayed arterial symptomatic epidural hematoma on the 14th day after posterior lumbar interbody fusion:A case report

BACKGROUND Delayed arterial symptomatic epidural hematoma(SEH)on the 14th day after posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF)is rare but it may lead to severe complications if not identified and treated in a timely manner.After diagnosis of the current case,early surgical removal of the hematoma and strict hemostasis treatment was accomplished.This case report highlights the importance of swift diagnosis and treatment in SEH patients.CASE SUMMARY A 41-year-old male patient with a single-segment lumbar disc herniation underwent left-side PLIF.On the 14th post-operative day,the patient complained of lumbar incision pain with sudden onset accompanied by left limb radiation pain and aggravated cauda equina symptoms.Magnetic resonance imaging examination and a puncture blood draw at the incision site confirmed a delayed arterial SEH.Emergency surgical removal of the hematoma and hemostasis was performed.About 70 mL of hematoma was found in the left incision.Continuous bleeding was found in the anterior branch of the transverse process of the 4th lumbar artery in the muscle area about 2 cm below the transverse process of the 4th lumbar vertebra.A blood jet of about 10 cm in height was observed and bipolar electrocoagulation was used to stop the bleeding.Post-operative lumbar incision pain and left lower limb pain were relieved immediately and gradually disappeared.There was no recurrence during the 12-mo follow-up.CONCLUSION For delayed arterial SEH on the 14th day after PLIF,preventive measures including pre-,intra-and post-operative prevention should be implemented.

Use of Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Bone Density to Investigate the Biomechanical Effect in the Bone around Intervertebral Cages in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Preventing subsidence of intervertebral cages in posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) requires understanding its mechanism, which is yet to be done. We aimed to describe the mechanism of intervertebral cage subsidence by using finite element analysis through simulation of the osteoporotic vertebral bodies of an elderly woman. The data from computed tomography scans of L2-L5 vertebrae in a 72-year-old woman with osteoporosis were used to create 2 FE models: one not simulating implant placement (LS-INT) and one simulating L3/4 PLIF using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages (LS-PEEK). Loads and moments simulating the living body were applied to these models, and the following analyses were performed: 1) Drucker-Prager equivalent stress distribution at the cage contact surfaces;2) the distribution of damage elements in L2-L5 during incremental loading;and 3) the distribution of equivalent plastic strain at the cage contact surfaces. In analysis 1, the Drucker-Prager equivalent stress on the L3 and L4 vertebral endplates was greater for LS-PEEK than for LS-INT under all loading conditions and tended to be particularly concentrated at the contact surfaces. In analysis 2, compared with LS-INT, LS-PEEK showed more damage elements along the bone around the cages in the L3 vertebral body posterior to the cage contact surfaces, followed by the area of the L4 vertebral body posterior to the cage contact surfaces. In analysis 3, in the L3 inferior surface in LS-PEEK the distribution of equivalent plastic strain was visualized as gradually expanding along the cages from the area posterior to the cages to the area anterior to them with increased loading. These analyses suggested that in PLIF for osteoporotic vertebral bodies, the localized stress concentration generated by the use of PEEK cages may cause accumulation of microscopic damage in the fragile osteoporotic vertebral bodies around the cages, which may result in cage subsidence.

Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion versus Posterolateral Fusion in Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Spondylolithesis

Background: The optimal surgical technique for lumbar spondylolithesis remains debated. Although posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) theoretically offers more advantages than posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF), the evidence remains inconclusive. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of PLIF versus PLF in patients with lumbar spondylolithesis. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 38 patients with lumbar spondylolithesis (degenerative and isthmic) who underwent PLIF (N = 19) or PLF (N = 19). We collected operative data and performed follow-up for 12 months after the surgery. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software to detected significant differences between both groups. Results: The PLF and PLIF groups exhibited similar pre-operative characteristics between both groups in terms of age (p = 0.57), sex (p = 0.73), clinical presentation (p = 1), required levels of fixation (p = 1), pre-operative VAS score (p = 0.43) or muscle weakness (p = 1). However, the PLIF group had significantly more blood loss and longer operative time than the PLF group. Moreover, both groups had similar levels of postoperative pain (up to six months after surgery), and post-operative complications. The rates of arthrodesis were higher in PLIF group than PLF group within six months while no significant difference within 12 months of follow-up. Conclusion: In our comparative study, we achieved comparison between pedicle screw fixation with posterolateral fusion alone (PLF) in compare with pedicle screw fixation with posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). Results indicate better results of fusion rate in PLIF as regards arthrodesis with slightly more rate of complication than PLF. So we recommend PLIF in cases of lumbar spondylolithesis than PLF.

Surgical Results of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Transpedicular Fixation in Management of Spondylolisthesis

Objective: To evaluate the surgical results of posterior lumber interbody fusion with transpedicular fixation with rod screw system in management of spondylolisthesis. Study Design: Retrospective study reviewed all patient treated by lumber interbody fusion with transpedicular fixation with rod screw system. Patients and Methods: They were 40 patients operated for lumber and lumbosacral spondylolisthesis from Feb 2014 to April 2017 in Al-Azhar university hospital. These patients followed postoperatively clinically for improved neural function and for fusion stability and hardware fixation by radiological investigation. Data about pain intensity (by Visual Analogue Scale) was collected pre- and postoperatively;and outcome was assessed by Oswetry disability index (ODI). Outcome was graded as excellent, good, fair, or poor. Pre- and Post-operative data were statistically compared. Results: The mean age was 45 years (range between 30 - 60 years) with female sex predominance (male:female = 1:3). They had lytic (n = 30) or degenerative (n = 10) spondylolisthesis;and all underwent PLIF (posterior lumbar interbody fusion). In lytic group, the level was L4/L5 in 19 patients and L5/S1 in 11 patients, while in degenerative group the level was L4/L5 in 4 patients, L5/S1 in 3 patients, L2/L3 in 2 and L3/L4 in one patient. The spondylolisthesis grade was grade I among 25 subjects, grade two among 11 subjects and retrolisthesis among 4 subjects. Sensory deficits reported in 22 subjects (19 had lytic and 3 had degenerative spondylolisthesis);while motor deficits reported among 10 subjects and reduced reflexes among 8 subjects. The outcome was excellent, good, and fair among 30, 7, and 3 subjects respectively. The return to previous levels of activity was reported among 32 patients. VAS was 3.5 ± 2.94 at the end of follow up, while ODI was 28% and 36.0% and 3 and 6 months respectively. Conclusion: PLIF associated with transpedicular rod screw fixation system for management of spondylolisthesis is considered a safe and effective surgical intervention in both lytic and degenerative types.

TLIF与PLIF治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症的临床效果

目的:探究经椎间孔椎体间融合术(TLIF)与腰椎经后路椎体间融合内固定术(PLIF)治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症的临床效果。方法:选取2016年4月—2020年4月驻马店魏道德骨科医院收治的120例多节段腰椎管狭窄患者作为研究对象,根据手术方法分为TLIF组(62例)和PLIF组(58例)。比较两组患者手术时间、住院时间、切口长度、术中失血量、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、椎间隙高度及并发症发生情况。结果:与PLIF组比较,TLIF组切口更小,手术和住院时间更短,术中出血量更少,差异有统计学意义(t=19.439、5.128、12.217、9.524,P<0.05);两组患者VAS、ODI及椎间隙高度的时间因素和分组因素均存在交互效应,差异有统计学意义(F=4.872、4.438、3.890,P<0.05);两组患者VAS、ODI及椎间隙高度总体比较存在分组效应,差异有统计学意义(F=9.571、5.490、6.129,P<0.05);两组患者手术前后不同时间点VAS、ODI及椎间隙高度存在时间效应,差异有统计学意义(F=2773.355、1554.785、500.750,P<0.05);术后6个月,TLIF组VAS及ODI低于PLIF组,椎间隙高度高于PLIF组,差异有统计学意义(F=5.654、5.869、5.687,P<0.05);术后12个月,两组患者VAS、ODI及椎间隙高度比较,差异无统计学意义(F=1.729、1.253、1.496,P>0.05);术后随访12个月,TLIF组的并发症发生率低于PLIF组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.928,P<0.05)。结论:PLIF与TLIF均能有效改善多节段腰椎管狭窄症的腰椎功能及缓解疼痛,但TLIF恢复快、手术创伤小、术后并发症少。

平乐疏肝活血汤防治PLIF术后早期胃肠道并发症临床观察

目的:观察平乐疏肝活血汤防治后路腰椎椎间融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF)术后早期胃肠道并发症的临床疗效。方法:将60例接受PLIF手术后出现胃肠道并发症的患者按照随机数字表法分为治疗组与对照组,每组30例。治疗组给予术后常规腹部按摩、穴位贴敷护理,并给予平乐疏肝活血汤治疗,对照组给予术后常规腹部按摩、穴位贴敷护理,并给予枸橼酸莫沙必利片口服治疗。观察治疗后两组的临床疗效、治疗前后两组患者的腹胀评分、腹痛评分及便秘症状积分,比较两组患者术后首次肛门排气、首次排便时间、胃肠道激素及炎症因子水平的差异。结果:治疗组有效率为93.3%,对照组有效率为70.0%,治疗组有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后腹胀评分、腹痛评分及便秘症状评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组术后首次排气时间、首次排便时间短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后促胃动素、生长抑素及胆囊收缩素水平高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后白细胞计数、C反应蛋白及降钙素原水平低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:平乐疏肝活血汤防治PLIF术后早期胃肠道并发症,能减轻腹痛、腹胀及便秘症状,促进术后排气、排便,提高促胃动素、生长抑素及胆囊收缩素水平,降低白细胞计数、C反应蛋白及降钙素原水平。

One Stage Anterior Reconstruction and Posterior Instrumentation in Surgical Management of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures

Background: The different methods of anterior reconstruction and posterior instrumentation in surgical management of thoracolumbar spine fractures are PLIF, TLIF, lateral extracaviatary and transpedicular techniques which are increasingly used to perform partial or total corpectomies and anterior reconstructions from a posterior approach. These techniques were being alternative to the standard anterior approach with less morbidity and mortality. Patients and Methods: This study was performed between 2011 and 2014 on 100 patients with acute unstable thoracolumbar spine fractures which were divided into four groups: 30 patients underwent (TLIF), 28 patients underwent (PLIF), 28 patients underwent (PA) and 14 patients underwent (TPA). Neurological outcome, complications, operative times, kyphotic angle, vertebral height loss, spinal canal compromise, pulmonary functions, Denis pain and work scale, VAS score, ODI score, hospital stay, and estimated blood loss (EBL) were evaluated and compared in between the four groups. Results: There was a higher complication rate, increased EBL, and longer operative time with posteroanterior (PA) compared with PLIF, TLIF and (TPA). Patients undergoing PLIF, TLIF and TPA had a greater recovery of neurological function than those in whom PA were performed. Conclusion: TPA appeared to have more favorable results in improving the clinical and radiological outcome and no complications were reported apart from superficial wound infection which healed rapidly. The PLIF, TLIF and TPA appeared to have a comparable morbidity rate to PA. The different methods of anterior reconstruction from posterior approach are more favorable, applicable and convenient than PA approach.

氨甲环酸对PLIF围术期失血影响的随机对照研究

目的 探讨后路腰椎椎间融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion, PLIF)使用氨甲环酸(tranexamic acid, TXA)的临床效果,分析影响PLIF失血的主要因素,为个体化用药提供依据。方法 前瞻性纳入2021年8月至2022年4月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院行PLIF治疗的140例患者,排除6例患者,将剩下的134例患者,采用随机分配软件分为两组。试验组于切皮前15 min静脉输注TXA 1 g,对照组于切皮前15 min静脉输注等量生理盐水。最后共130例患者进行数据分析,其中试验组66例,男28例,女38例;年龄41~77岁,平均年龄(60.45±9.18)岁。对照组64例,男29例,女35例;年龄41~77岁,平均年龄(59.69±9.08)岁。比较两组失血量、输血率、血栓事件发生率、炎性指标水平;采用多元线性回归及分层分析方法分析影响PLIF失血的因素。结果 试验组失血量及输血率低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组术后24 h的C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein, CRP)水平低于对照组,白蛋白(albumin, Alb)高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者均无下肢深静脉血栓、肺动脉栓塞、心肌梗死等并发症形成;通过多元线性回归分析得出,术前TXA的应用、性别、手术时间、手术节段数、吸烟史、切口长度、输血、术前纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen, FIB)和术前Alb是影响总失血量的主要因素。结论 术前应用TXA可以减少PLIF围术期失血,且不增加术后血栓形成的风险;性别、手术时间、手术节段数、吸烟史、切口长度、输血、术前FIB和Alb水平是影响总失血量的主要因素;对于手术节段多、预计手术时间长、腰背部肌肉丰富、术前FIB较低和有吸烟史的患者,建议手术开始前常规使用TXA。

对比PLIF术单侧或双侧椎间融合器在腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄症中的应用效果

目的探讨后路腰椎椎体间融合术(PLIF)术单侧或双侧椎间融合器在腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄症中的应用效果。方法收集2019年3月至2021月9月在我院就诊的腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄症患者86例。根据椎间融合器数目进行分组,即单侧椎间融合器植入患者纳入至单侧组(n=46),将双侧椎间融合器植入患者纳入至双侧组(n=40)。对比两组应用效果。结果两组术后3月、6月VAS评分、ODI评分及SF-36评分均较术前比较,P<0.05,两组术前、术后3月及术后6月VAS评分、ODI评分及SF-36评分比较,P>0.05。两组术后3月、6月滑脱率、椎间隙高度及腰椎前凸角均较术前比较,P<0.05,两组术前、术后3月及术后6月滑脱率、椎间隙高度及腰椎前凸角比较,P>0.05。单侧组手术时间(187.35±11.23)min、住院时间(14.06±1.56)d均短于双侧组,单侧组手术出血量(306.31±114.95)mL均少于双侧组,P<0.05。单侧组未发生任何并发症,双侧组仅发生1例脑脊液漏。结论PLIF术单侧或双侧椎间融合器在腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄症,均具有较好的疗效,但单侧椎间融合器应用后可显著患者手术时间、住院时间等。

3D打印辅助置钉联合改良PLIF在退行性脊柱侧弯矫形中的应用

目的 探讨3D打印辅助椎弓根钉置入联合改良后路腰椎椎间融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion, PLIF)治疗退行性脊柱侧弯的临床效果。方法 选取2020年3月至2022年3月青岛市城阳区人民医院脊柱外科收治的退行性脊柱侧弯患者47例,随机分为观察组与对照组。对照组23例患者,男11例,女12例;年龄54~76岁,平均(63.09±6.22)岁;均选择常规后路椎弓根螺钉固定矫形术及PLIF的手术方式。观察组24例患者,男11例,女13例;年龄51~72岁,平均(60.64±5.65)岁;在术前应用3D打印技术制定手术方案后进行后路椎弓根螺钉固定矫形术及保留后纵韧带复合体的改良PLIF手术治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、透视次数、置钉时间、术中出血量和术后引流量,术前及术后1个月、6个月、12个月日本骨科协会(Japanese orthopaedic association, JOA)脊髓功能评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index, ODI)变化,术前及末次随访Cobb角变化,置钉情况及并发症发生情况。结果 两组患者均顺利完成手术。观察组术中实际置入的椎弓根螺钉的直径和长度、进钉点与后正中线的距离以及椎弓根钉外展角度等指标与术前椎弓根钉置入的测量情况基本相同,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组在术中置钉可接受率及准确率上明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组在手术时间、透视次数、置钉时间、术中出血量和术后引流量方面的比较均低于对照组(P<0.05)。所有手术患者均获得随访,随访时间为12~18个月,平均(13.20±2.51)个月。观察组在术后1个月、6个月及12个月的VAS、JOA评分及ODI明显优于对照组(P<0.05);并发症方面,观察组也优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 应用3D打印辅助置钉联合改良PLIF治疗退行性脊柱侧弯,能显著减少手术时间、透视次数、置钉时间、术中出血量及术后引流量,提高手术效率及手术的安全性,有效地减少了手术产生的二次创伤及透视辐射伤害,使术中医护人员及患者的身体健康得到保护,可以有效减轻术后患者的疼痛,对患者术后脊柱功能的恢复也具有明显的促进作用,并且在一定程度上可减少术后并发症的发生。

腕踝针联合夹脊穴糖皮质激素注射治疗PLIF术后腰背残余痛的效果

目的:评价腕踝针联合夹脊穴糖皮质激素注射治疗后路腰椎椎间融合术(PLIF)术后腰背残余痛的效果。方法:回顾性收集福州市第二医院2020年12月-2022年6月接受PLIF的50例患者,根据治疗措施分为试验组和对照组,每组25例。对照组术后予洛索洛芬钠片口服,试验组采用腕踝针联合夹脊穴糖皮质激素注射治疗。评价两组治疗前及治疗3、10 d后腰背疼痛[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)]、日本骨科协会评估治疗分数(JOA);治疗10 d后比较两组JOA改善率。比较治疗前、治疗10 d后β-内啡肽(β-EP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)指标。结果:两组性别、年龄、术中出血量、手术时间、手术节段比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前,两组VAS、JOA评分、β-EP、IL-6、IL-10指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗3、10 d后,试验组VAS评分均低于对照组,JOA评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且治疗10 d后试验组JOA改善率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗10 d后,两组β-EP、IL-6、IL-10指标均有不同程度的好转,且试验组的β-EP、IL-6、IL-10指标差异值与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腕踝针联合夹脊穴糖皮质激素注射治疗PLIF术后腰背残余痛效果确切,短期内疗效明显优于单独使用洛索洛芬钠治疗。

3D打印多孔钛合金Cage与聚醚醚酮Cage在PLIF中的疗效差异

目的分析3D打印多孔钛合金椎间融合器(3D Cage)与聚醚醚酮椎间融合器(PEEK Cage)在后路腰椎椎间融合术(PLIF)中的疗效差异。方法选取2021年2月至2022年2月在河南省洛阳正骨医院76例行PLIF的患者作为研究对象,根据不同的治疗方案分为观察组(38例)和对照组(38例)。其中观察组男性20例,女性18例,年龄27~76(45.67±9.69)岁;对照组男性19例,女性19例,年龄26~74(45.48±10.13)岁。观察组在PLIF下植入3D Cage,对照组在PLIF下植入PEEK Cage。在手术后对两组患者进行1年随访,比较两组的手术指标与并发症发生情况;比较两组术后3个月、6个月以及1年的椎间隙高度与椎间融合度;比较两组术后12 h与48 h的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分;比较两组术后3个月、6个月以及1年的Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分。使用独立样本t检验、χ^(2)检验、秩和检验。结果观察组的手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、术后引流量分别为(123.26±23.62)min、(13.78±1.42)d、(316.64±26.79)ml、(342.21±33.72)ml,对照组的手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、术后引流量分别为(124.18±23.43)min、(14.16±1.37)d、(321.36±27.63)ml、(346.38±34.17)ml,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(t=0.171、1.187、0.756、0.536,均P>0.05);观察组术后3个月、6个月以及1年的椎间隙高度分别为(13.36±0.93)mm、(12.98±0.87)mm、(12.21±0.62)mm,均优于对照组(12.78±1.21)mm、(12.33±0.94)mm、(11.74±0.77)mm(t=2.343、3.128、2.931,均P<0.05);观察组术后3个月、6个月以及1年的椎间融合度均优于对照组(Z=2.734、2.331、2.267,均P<0.05);观察组术后12 h与48 h的VAS评分分别为(5.18±1.24)分、(4.23±1.12)分,均低于对照组(5.87±1.36)分、(5.06±1.21)分(t=2.311、3.013,均P<0.05);观察组术后3个月、6个月以及1年的ODI评分分别为(24.62±6.34)分、(16.33±4.28)分、(13.69±3.27)分,均优于对照组(28.86±7.21)分、(19.66±5.87)分、(15.82±3.66)分(t=2.722、2.826、2.675,均P<0.05)。结论两种椎间融合器在PLIF中的手术指标和术后并发症发生情况方面均无明显差异,但3D Cage能够减轻术后疼痛,更好恢复椎间隙高度以及加速椎间融合,且功能障碍情况恢复良好。

伴或不伴马尾冗余征腰椎管狭窄症患者行斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术联合后路经皮内固定术的疗效分析

目的:探讨伴或不伴马尾冗余征(redundant nerve roots,RNRs)腰椎管狭窄症患者行斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术(oblique lumbar interbody fusion,OLIF)联合后路经皮内固定术的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2019年6月至2022年6月于本院采用斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术联合后路经皮内固定术治疗的92例腰椎管狭窄症患者,男32例,女60例,年龄44~82(63.67±9.93)岁。根据冗余与否将所有患者分为RNRs阳性组和RNRs阴性组。RNRs阳性组38例,男15例,女23例;年龄45~82(65.45±10.37)岁;病程24.00(12.00,72.00)个月。RNRs阴性组54例,男17例,女37例;年龄44~77(62.42±9.51)岁;病程13.50(9.00,36.00)个月。记录两组手术时间、术中出血量、并发症;手术前后影像学参数,包括狭窄节段数、椎间隙高度、腰椎前凸角、硬膜囊面积;采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)进行背部和腿部疼痛评价,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评估日常生活活动障碍。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间8~18(11.04±3.61)个月,随访期未见并发症。RNRs阳性组狭窄节段数(1.71±0.46)个,多于阴性组(1.17±0.38)个(P<0.05)。RNRs阳性组术前椎间隙高度、硬膜囊面积、腰痛VAS、腿痛VAS、ODI分别为(1.11±0.19)cm、(0.46±0.17)cm^(2)、(5.39±1.00)分、(5.05±1.01)分、(55.74±4.05)%;RNRs阴性组分别为(0.97±0.23)cm、(0.69±0.26)cm^(2)、(4.50±0.77)分、(4.00±0.58)分、(47.33±3.43)%。RNRs阳性组术后椎间隙高度、硬膜囊面积、腰痛VAS、腿痛VAS、ODI评分分别为(1.60±0.19)cm、(0.74±0.36)cm^(2)、(3.39±0.72)分、(3.05±1.01)分、(46.74±4.82)%;RNRs阴性组分别为(1.48±0.25)cm、(1.12±0.35)cm^(2)、(3.00±0.82)分、(3.00±0.82)分、(37.67±3.58)%。两组术后椎间隙高度、硬膜囊面积、腰痛、腿痛VAS、ODI较术前明显改善(P<0.05)。两组术前椎间隙高度、硬膜囊面积、腰痛、腿痛VAS、ODI比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但两组手术前后椎间隙高度差值、ODI差值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后硬膜囊面积、手术前后硬膜囊面积差值、术后腰痛VAS、手术前后腰痛VAS差值、手术前后腿痛VAS差值等比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:OLIF联合后路经皮内固定术对于伴或不伴RNRs的患者均有较好疗效。多节段腰椎管狭窄、硬膜囊面积减小可能会导致RNRs的发生,伴RNRs的LSS患者症状更重。伴RNRs的LSS患者较不伴RNRs的患者手术疗效要差。

PLIF手术在腰椎滑脱中的应用探讨

目的:探讨比较几种形式的PLIF手术治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效.方法:63例患者根据融合方式分成A(椎弓根固定+后外侧植骨)、B(椎弓根固定+后路椎体间自体植骨)、C(椎弓根固定+后路椎体间融合+Cage)三组,使用ODI评分方法对患者术前术后的情况进行评估,使用VAS评分标准对患者术前和术后疼痛的程度进行评估,使用SUK标准对术前术后的正侧位片及Bending片进行融合的评估.结果:三组病例42例获得随访,随访1～2年.B、C两组在腰椎稳定性及临床疗效方面均优于A组,C组在椎间高度、生理曲度维持方面均优于A、B两组.结论:后路椎弓根螺钉内固定加椎体间Cage融合术是治疗腰椎滑脱的理想术式.

PLF与PLIF手术治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效比较

目的:对比研究后外侧融合(PLF)与经后路椎体间融合(PLIF)治疗Ⅰ度和Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法:67例腰椎滑脱症患者分为PLF组32例,PLIF组35例。两组年龄、病程、术前临床表现及影像学资料相近似。PLF组JOA评分16.3±7.8分,PLIF组14.5±6.5分。两组均进行了后路椎板减压,短节段经椎弓根钉系统复位与固定。结果:PLF组手术时间平均187min,出血量平均680ml;PLIF组手术时间248min,出血量平均945ml。PLIF组慢性下腰痛改善明显高于PLF组(P=0.042),而临床疗效JOA评分两组间无显著性差异。骨融合率PLF组74.8%,PLIF组94.3%(P=0.011),经随访PLF组矫正率丢失30.9%,而PLIF组为9.8%(P<0.05)。PLF组各种并发症19例,PLIF组11例。结论:PLF与PLIF手术均是治疗腰椎滑脱症的有效术式,PLIF手术时间较长,创伤大,但骨融合率高,内固定失败率低,滑脱矫正率丢失少,晚期慢性下腰痛发生率低。

TLIF与PLIF治疗腰椎退变性疾病的疗效对比

目的:对比经椎间孔椎体间融合术(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF)与经后路椎体间融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF)治疗单节段腰椎退变性疾病的临床疗效。方法:收集我院行经单侧椎间孔椎体间融合术结合椎弓根钉系统(TLIF组)治疗腰椎退变性疾病21例,行单节段经后路椎体间融合术结合椎弓根钉系统(PLIF组)治疗腰椎退变性疾病50例,比较TLIF组与PLIF组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后住院时间、并发症发生率及植骨融合率;比较两组内及组间术前及末次随访的汉化版oswestry功能障碍指数问卷调查表(Oswestry disability index questionnaire,ODI)、手术上邻节段活动度。结果:随访12～36个月,平均24个月。TLIF组平均手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后住院时间均少于PLIF组,差异有统计学差异(P<0.05)。末次随访两组ODI功能障碍指数均较术前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前及末次随访组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访TLIF组手术上邻节段活动度较术前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),PLIF组手术上邻节段活动度较术前增大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术前组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),末次随访PLIF组手术上邻节段活动度较TLIF组增大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:TLIF和PLIF是治疗腰椎退变性疾病两种有效的手术方式,两者近期疗效满意;TLIF较PLIF术后住院时间、手术时间短,术中出血量、术后引流量少,并发症发生率低;TLIF较PLIF能更好保留脊柱后柱韧带复合体结构,减少手术上邻节段活动度。