Effect of Continuous Care on Postpartum Anxiety among Primipara Mothers in China

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of continuous care on postpartum anxiety in primipara mothers in China.Methods:A quasi-experimental,non-equivalent control group design was employed.The initial screening involved 120 primipara women from two hospitals in Shandong Province.Based on the inclusion criteria,60 eligible primipara mothers were selected to participate in the study.Results:The findings indicated that continuous care significantly reduced the anxiety levels of primipara mothers,as shown by a marked decrease in the scores on a researcher-developed anxiety scale.Conclusion:Continuous care has been proven to be an effective intervention for alleviating postpartum anxiety in Chinese primipara mothers and has a positive impact on their mental health and postpartum recovery.

The trajectories of physical growth in 4 months postnatal corrected age among preterm infants discharged from neonatal intensive care units and associated factors: A prospective study

Objectives Growth retardation is a risk for premature infants.In addition to demographic and perinatal factors,preterm infants’physical growth may be affected by neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)stress,maternal postpartum depression,and mother-infant interaction.This study aimed to investigate the trajectories of physical growth in 4 months corrected age among preterm infants discharged from the NICU and the impactors on these trajectories.Methods A prospective study was conducted among 318 preterm infants from September 2019 to April 2021 in Shanghai,China.Latent growth modeling was applied to identify the weight,length,and head circumference growth trajectories in 4 months corrected age and explore the effects of demographic and medical characteristics,infant stress during NICU stay,maternal postpartum depression,and mother-infant interaction on each trajectory.Results Unconditional latent growth models showed curve trajectories with increasingly slower growth in weight,length,and head circumference until 4 months of corrected age.Conditional latent growth models showed that a longer length of stay in the NICU and more skin punctures were negatively associated with weight at 40 weeks corrected gestational age(β=−0.43 and−0.19,respectively,P<0.05).The maternal postpartum depression between 40 weeks corrected gestational age and 1 month corrected postnatal age was associated with a lower growth rate of length(β=−0.17,P=0.040),while between 2 and 3 months corrected postnatal age,there were lower growth rates of weight and head circumference(β=−0.15 and−0.19,respectively,P<0.05).The mother-infant interaction scores between 40 weeks corrected gestational age and 1 month corrected postnatal age negatively predicted the growth rate of weight(β=−0.19,P=0.020).Conclusion The physical growth trajectories of preterm infants discharged from the NICU were influenced by infant stress during the NICU stay,maternal postpartum depression and mother-infant interaction.

Practices of Maternity’s Care Providers in the Municipality of Kozah 1 Regarding the Administration of Vitamin K1, Eye Care, and Umbilical Cord Care in Immediate Postpartum Newborns

Background: Neonatal mortality is a real public health problem in the world and particularly in countries with limited resources. Essential care remains an effective means of reducing this mortality. Objective: To evaluate the practice of administering of vitamin K1, ocular and cord care in maternity wards in the Kozah 1 municipality. Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from March 1st to June 30th, 2022 in all maternity wards in the Kozah 1 municipality. Socioprofessional aspects of providers and those related to the administration of vitamin K1, ocular and cord care were studied. Results: Eighty-five (85) maternity providers were included in this study. The average age of the providers was 36.2 years with extremes of 21 and 55 years. Providers were midwives (51.8%), childbirth attendants (35.3%), and matrons (12.9%). The average length of practice was 9.5 years with extremes of 1 and 28 years. For three out of four providers (75.3%), the postpartum period was defined as a period of 02 hours following delivery. The importance of cord, ocular care, and administration of vitamin K1 in postpartum was known respectively by 84.7%, 98.8%, and 92.9% of the providers. Chlorhexidine gel was used by 81.2% of providers for umbilical cord care. For ocular disinfection, more than half of the providers (52.9%) reported using half-diluted povidone iodine. No center had displayed care protocol. Conclusion: This study highlighted the level of knowledge and practice of three essential postpartum care practices. The products used for the different care practices are consistent with recommendations but vary according to the care providers.

Assessment of quality of postnatal care services offered to mothers in Dedza district, Malawi

This study was conducted to assess quality of postnatal care that midwives provide to women seeking postnatal services in health facilities in Dedza district, the central region ofMalawi. The study design was descriptive cross sectional and utilized quantitative data collection and analysis method to determine structural, process and outcome components of postnatal care in two facilities that offer emergency obstetric and neonatal care and five that offer basic emergency obstetric and neonatal care. All 60 midwives who were providing postnatal care during the time of study in the district were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. In addition, the midwives actual practice was observed and compared to a standard checklist on postnatal care practice which was developed by the Malawi Ministry of Health. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Results show that structure for providing postnatal counseling services was inappropriate and inadequate. Furthermore, the contents of postnatal services were below reproductive health standards because the clients were neither monitored nor examined physically on discharge. On average, all the seven facilities scored 48% on postnatal services rendered which is far below the recommended 80% according to the Reproductive Health Standards. There is a need to provide basic infrastructure in all the basic emergency obstetric and neonatal care facilities. In addition, refresher training courses for midwives in maternal and neonatal health with emphasis on postnatal care are recommended. There is also a need to restructure the maternal and neonatal health departments in the facilities so that the postnatal care units become stand-alone priority sites to improve the quality of the postnatal care services rendered.

Postnatal Care within Six Hours Following Delivery at Two Selected General Hospitals of Zambia—Mothers’ Experiences

Background: The days and weeks following childbirth (the postnatal period or puerperium), are a critical phase in the lives of mothers and new-born babies. The most vulnerable time for both is during the few hours and days after birth. The period places major demands on the physiological processes of mother and new-born as they adapt the changes of pregnancy and intrauterine life respectively. However, this is the most neglected time for the provision of quality services. Postnatal care is an integral part of the midwife’s role in providing care and support to the individual mother and her baby. Postnatal care encompasses aspects of observing and monitoring the health of the mother and her baby, as well as offering support and guidance in breastfeeding and parenting skills. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to explore the experiences and expectations of mothers concerning care during the immediate postnatal period. Methods and materials: A qualitative approach was utilised to collect data from mothers in their immediate postnatal period using recorded in-depth interviews. A total of thirty (30) mothers were interviewed from two general hospitals. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings: From the study, three main themes emerged;inadequate physical examination, information needs and professional support, and varied staff attitude. The findings of the study have highlighted the inadequacies that are still there regarding immediate postnatal care. Conclusion and recommendations: It can be concluded that mothers have a lot of needs and expectation during this period which are usually not met. One most important conclusion is the lack or poor information given to the women regarding the care of the new-born and subsequent care. This could be one of the reasons mothers do not come back for the subsequent postnatal visit. There is an evidence of poor quality of postnatal care being offered to women during the immediate postnatal period. There are also some negative experiences that postnatal mothers have had and these have led them to being unsatisfied with the care they receive during the immediate postnatal period. However, despite all the above, there is still room for improving the care given during this time. This can help reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Coverage and determinants of infant postnatal care in Nigeria:A population-based cross-sectional study

Importance:In 2019,Nigeria had the largest number of under-5 child deaths globally and many of these deaths occurred within the first week of life.The World Health Organization recommends infant postnatal care(PNC)attendance to support newborn survival;however,utilization of PNC is known to be low in many contexts.Objective:This study examined coverage and individual-level determinants of infant PNC attendance in Nigeria.Methods:Nigeria Demographic Health Survey(NDHS)2018 data were used to evaluate infant PNC coverage and determinants.Infant PNC was defined as receipt of care within 2 days of birth.Children delivered up to 2 years before the 2018 NDHS were included.We examined predictors of infant PNC with modified Poisson regression models to estimate relative risks(RRs).Results:The national coverage of infant PNC was 37.3%(95%confidence interval[CI]:35.8%–38.7%).Significant heterogeneity in PNC attendance existed at state and regional levels.Facility delivery was strongly associated with the uptake of PNC(RR:6.07;95%CI:5.60–6.58).Greater maternal education,maternal employment,urban residence,female head of household,and greater wealth were also associated with an increased likelihood of PNC visits.Interpretation:The uptake of infant PNC is low and interventions are urgently needed to promote equity in access and increase demand for PNC in Nigeria.

Using Roy’s Model to Evaluate the Care Given to Postpartum Women Following Caesarean Delivery

Background: To evaluate the care given using Roy’s Adaptation Model. Materials and Methods: A pretest-posttest experimental model with a control group. Study population comprised postpartum women (N = 134;65 in the experimental group, 69 in the control group) who had caesarean full-term delivery in a Turkish maternity hospital between September 2009 and February 2011. Data were collected from the experimental group during seven home visits and from the control group at the end of the 6th week postpartum. Results: Percentage, chi-square, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and the McNamer test were used to evaluate data establishing 36 nursing diagnoses: Physiological requirements (22), Self requirements (7), Role Function requirements (4), and Interdependence Mode requirements (3). It was determined that the care given during the postpartum period using Roy’s Adaptation Model resolved or prevented the majority of postpartum problems. The difference between most diagnoses was found to be statistically significant (p p < 0.001) during the last week of data collection. Conclusion: The care given in the postpartum period using Roy’s Adaptation Model resolved or prevented postpartum problems.

Birth preparedness and complication readiness among postnatal mothers in Malawi

This study was conducted to assess birth preparedness and complication readiness among postnatal mothers at Khombedza Health Centre in Salima District, Malawi. The study design was descriptive cross sectional and utilized qualitative data collection and analysis method on a random sample of 15 postnatal mothers. A semi structured questionnaire was used to assess birth preparedness and complication readiness among the postnatal mothers during their most recent pregnancy and child birth. The findings indicate that overall, all the mothers had attended antenatal care and were aware of the importance of seeking health facility delivery. The mothers were also conversant with the items to bring with them during labour and delivery. Results further show that the participants had some knowledge of danger signs during postpartum and also for the new born baby but had limited knowledge of danger signs during antenatal, labour and delivery. Although the mothers had planned to deliver at the hospital, they did not save money for transport. There is therefore a need to strengthen antenatal care education on birth preparedness and complication readiness. Such knowledge would assist pregnant mothers to identify danger signs during antenatal, labour and delivery and therefore seek emergency obstetric care on time to minimize maternal and neonatal mortalities.

Implementation and Evaluation of a Postpartum Care Program for Mothers Raising Infants: A Pilot Study

Background: The aims of this pilot study were to implement and evaluate a postpartum care program for mothers raising children younger than one year to provide physical relaxation, and to reduce mothers’ parenting problems. Methods: A day-service and group-type postpartum care program was implemented with the aim of interacting with peers, promoting local communication, and relaxing mothers. Results: Forty-five pairs of mothers and infants participated in the study. Most of the mothers experienced relaxation, communicated with each other, resolved physical problems, reduced childcare concerns, and developed parenting friends. Conclusions: In addition, feasibility was assured as they were very satisfied with the content of programs such as baby massage and aroma treatment.

Effects of Prenatal Perineal Massage and Kegel Exercises on the Integrity of Postnatal Perine

Aim: This randomize controlled experimental study has been carried out to investigate the effects on the integrity of perine of perineal massage and Kegel exercises applied prenatally to women who experienced vaginal delivery. Methods: Research was carried out between January 2012 and 2013, with a total of 101 pregnant women who referred to Ege University Hospital in ?zmir. Data Collection Form, Kegel Exercise Training Brochure, Practice Observation Form and Prenatal Perinea Massage Learning Guide for Implementer were used. Researcher continued to perform this massage once a week until delivery. Kegel exercises were asked to perform exercises at home and also to register them until delivery. When exercise group came to weekly controls or when they were contacted at home they were asked if they have performed daily exercise or not. The pregnant women in control group did not receive any application. One to one interview was performed during delivery and postnatal 24 hours at the hospital and a telephone interview was performed 15 days postnatal, so three groups were evaluated. The chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test were used. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between study and control groups in terms of episiotomy rates, laceration, postnatal 24 hours and 15 days perineal pain and improvement (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was found that perineal massage and Kegel exercises are important in maintaining the integrity of perineal significantly. It is thought that when the perineal massage and Kegel exercise being performed during pregnancy is supported by health professional, it will play a significant role in women’s quality of life.

Prevention and Control of Postpartum Hemorrhage: Validation of Rangel’s Technology for Huambo, Angola

In the immediate postpartum period, women need to be observed by the obstetric nurse so that measures can be taken to prevent hemorrhages and reduce its complications. Most maternal deaths from hemorrhage are preventable with support measures for clinical practice, such as: guiding protocols, training of professionals, organization and management of health services and provision of adequate conditions for the parturition process. Objective: To validate Rangel’s instrument with its application in the Maternity Ward of the General Hospital of Huambo, Angola. Methodology: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. This is the sixth stage, called pre-test, of the Translation and Cultural Adaptation process. This instrument was sent for evaluation by the validators using the electronic data collection form named Google forms, with a seven-point Likert-type scale (from 7—totally agree to 1—totally disagree). The analysis was performed with the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient index (>0.91) and the Content Validity Index (CVI > 0.98). Results: Of the 10 items of evaluation criteria of the instrument analyzed by the 20 validators, 100% of them obtained a Cronbach’s Alpha index rating of 0.91: clarity;coherence;scientific writing;relevance;sequence;uniqueness and updating. Coverage, item criticality and objectivity reached a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.95. The Content Validity Index was 0.95 for coverage, coherence, item criticality, scientific writing, relevance and updating. Conclusion: Rangel’s instrument for nursing care aimed at preventing and controlling hemorrhage in the third period of birth, translated into Angolan Portuguese and validated by nurses, through the statistical results obtained in the validation, was considered reliable and necessary for clinical nursing practice in Huambo, Angola. .

Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Technical Essay

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the main causes of maternal mortality, mainly in underdeveloped countries. Deaths are mostly preventable, and are related to socioeconomic development, organization of health services and professional training. Objective: To systematize alerts for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. Method: This is a technical essay developed from reflections on previously produced and published texts about maternal mortality and has hemorrhage as the focus of this study. Results: It presents the concept, classification of hemorrhage, risk factors and their classification, prevention strategies, universal recommendations, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions when hemorrhage already exists, bleeding assessment techniques;clinical evaluation, by laboratory examination and by shock index. Conclusions: Hemorrhage is a preventable cause of maternal death through the accomplishment of multiple care. Hospital care must be conducted by qualified professionals and in adequate numbers. The risk diagnosis must be carried out during prenatal care with the recording of clinical data accessible in the health care network. All references studied are not specific to nursing, as hemorrhage prevention requires multidisciplinary action.

以家庭为中心的产科护理模式在预防产后抑郁症中的应用研究进展

产后抑郁症是一种育龄期妇女生产过程中的特发性精神障碍疾病。对产妇而言,在生理、心理、社会、文化等因素的影响下出现负面情绪,极易导致产后抑郁症的发生。以家庭为中心的产科护理模式是将产科护理技术、家庭社会支持与产妇积极配合有机结合,给予产妇身心整体照顾,不但能预防产妇产后抑郁症,维持母婴健康,也能帮助建立健全其家庭功能,促进家庭和睦。文章综述了以家庭为中心的产科护理模式的应用现状、阻碍因素,并从家庭支持、医护人员培养、社会支持、照护方式等方面提出展望,旨在增进国内家庭对产后抑郁症的认识及对以家庭为中心的产科护理模式的了解,从而为提升产妇心理健康水平助力。

围生期抑郁信息化管理方案的构建与应用

目的 构建围生期抑郁信息化管理方案并应用于临床,降低孕产妇围生期抑郁的发生。方法 将375例孕产妇按照入院时间分为对照组185例与干预组190例。对照组实施常规干预;干预组汇总围生期抑郁管理的最佳证据,构建围生期抑郁管理方案,开发围生期抑郁信息化管理系统对孕产妇进行干预。干预前后比较两组抑郁评分、抑郁管理知信行评分及分娩结局。结果 对照组157例、干预组155例完成研究。干预组抑郁评分显著低于对照组,抑郁管理知识及行为评分显著高于对照组(均P<0.05),干预组自然分娩及纯母乳喂养率显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 围生期抑郁信息化管理方案的应用可有效改善孕产妇围生期抑郁水平,从而改善分娩结局。

基于“互联网+护理”延续性护理平台的产后压力性尿失禁风险因素分析及预测模型构建

目的:构建产后压力性尿失禁的风险预测模型并进行效果评价。方法:从福建中医药大学附属人民医院盆底医学中心压力性尿失禁延续性护理平台提取2021年4月—2023年4月就诊的526例产后尿失禁病人的资料进行回顾性分析。根据《女性压力性尿失禁诊断和治疗指南(2017)》标准,将符合压力性尿失禁诊断的产后病人列为尿失禁组(n=172),无压力性尿失禁症状的病人列为非尿失禁组(n=354),使用国际尿失禁咨询委员会尿失禁问卷简表(ICI-Q-SF)对有压力性尿失禁症状的病人进行严重程度评分。结合病人一般情况、孕产史、会阴损伤、便秘、产前尿失禁等变量进行单因素及Logistic回归分析。结果:Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、体质指数、便秘、产前尿失禁是产后压力性尿失禁的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。根据筛选出的独立危险因素构建预测模型,通过统计软件绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),计算出ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.804(P<0.001),提示该模型有较好的预测价值。结论:本研究构建的压力性尿失禁风险预测模型预测准确度较高,可为临床早期筛查并定位产后压力性尿失禁高风险病人,及时制订干预措施提供参考。

基于循证案例分析的优质护理对宫缩乏力性产后出血的护理效果

目的:探讨基于循证案例分析的优质护理对宫缩乏力性产后出血患者的护理效果。方法:选取104例宫缩乏力性产后出血患者,按照护理方式不同将患者分为对照组和观察组,两组各52例。对照组给予常规护理;观察组在常规护理基础上使用基于循证案例分析的优质护理,对比两组患者的出血情况、临床疗效、凝血及纤溶功能指标水平、并发症发生情况、生活质量。结果:观察组患者产后0.5、2、12及24 h出血量均少于对照组,止血耗时短于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,观察组患者活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、D-二聚体(D-D)水平均低于对照组,纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者SF-36量表各维度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于循证案例分析的优质护理可有效降低宫缩乏力性产后出血患者的出血量,缩短止血时间,改善凝血及纤溶功能,减少并发症发生率,提高生活质量。

揿针联合硬膜外分娩镇痛对产后抑郁症的影响研究

目的:观察揿针联合硬膜外分娩镇痛对产后抑郁症(PPD)的影响。方法:选取110例初产妇为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各55例。对照组给予硬膜外分娩镇痛,观察组给予揿针联合硬膜外分娩镇痛。比较2组产妇治疗前后疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)评分及血清β-内啡肽(β-EP)、谷氨酸(Glu)水平,并比较2组产妇分娩方式、新生儿1 min Apgar评分及产妇PPD发生率。结果:宫口开4、6、8、10 cm时,2组VAS评分降低(P<0.05),且各时间点观察组均低于对照组(P<0.05)。宫口开10 cm时,2组血清β-EP水平升高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组血清Glu水平降低(P<0.05),对照组血清Glu水平升高(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组分娩方式、新生儿1minApgar评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。产后42d,2组EPDS评分升高(P<0.05),但观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。产后42 d,观察组PPD发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:揿针联合硬膜外分娩镇痛可降低产妇PPD发生率,其机制可能与缓解分娩疼痛、调节神经递质释放有关。

互联网+微信群组健康教育对HDP患者产后自我管理能力及血压控制效果

目的:分析互联网+微信群组健康教育在妊娠期高血压(HDP)患者产后管理中的应用效果。方法:选取2022年4月-2023年3月于本院分娩的HDP患者92例,随机数字表法分为对照组46例(常规干预)和观察组46例(互联网+微信群组健康教育)。比较两组产后血压控制情况、自我管理能力、并发症发生情况及生活质量。结果:干预1、3个月时血压控制情况观察组(舒张压87.67±6.89、80.39±5.56,收缩压128.63±10.06、117.47±10.22)mmHg均优于对照组(91.36±8.66、84.37±7.61,133.54±11.29、124.26±10.66)mmHg,干预3个月时观察组自我管理行为测评量表情绪管理(22.56±3.68分)、饮食管理(36.34±2.41分)、用药管理(17.87±3.56分)、工作与休息管理(21.21±1.35分)评分及SF-36各维度评分均高于对照组高(20.44±4.45分、33.48±5.51分、16.38±2.44分、20.34±2.36分)(均P<0.05);干预期间观察组与对照组并发症发生率(2.2%、15.2%)未见差异(P>0.05)。结论:采用互联网+微信群组健康教育可增强HDP患者产后自我管理能力,有效控制血压,利于产后恢复与生活质量改善。

早期饮水疗法联合集束化护理对无痛分娩产妇产后尿潴留及排尿效果与舒适度的影响

目的:分析早期饮水疗法联合集束化护理对无痛分娩产妇产后尿潴留及排尿效果与舒适度的影响。方法:选取2022年1月至2023年1月拟于徐州市妇幼保健院产科行无痛分娩的68例产妇,利用掷硬币法分为两组各34例。对照组采取传统产后护理,观察组采取早期饮水疗法联合集束化护理。统计并比较两组产后尿潴留总发生率、排尿效果(排尿时间、排尿次数、单次尿量、残余尿量)、舒适度评分(生理、心理、精神、社会文化和环境)差异。结果:观察组的产后尿潴留总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),排尿效果优于对照组(P<0.05),护理后的舒适度评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:早期饮水疗法联合集束化护理可以降低无痛分娩产妇产后尿潴留发生风险、强化排尿效果并提升舒适度。

中药热奄包联合多功能艾灸仪对剖宫产产妇的影响

目的观察中药热奄包联合多功能艾灸仪对剖宫产产妇的影响。方法采用回顾性研究方法,根据护理方法不同将180例剖宫产产妇分为观察组和对照组,每组各90例。对照组给予快速康复护理,观察组在对照组的基础上使用中药热奄包联合多功能艾条仪,1日2次,持续3d。对比两组产妇术后24~72 h宫缩疼痛、生活自理能力评分、舒适度评分和术后肛门排气时间。结果干预后,观察组术后24-72 h宫缩痛评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后24 h生活自理能力评分、舒适度评分虽高于对照组,但无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组术后48 h、72 h生活自理能力评分和舒适度评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后肛门排气时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论中药热奄包联合多功能艾条仪能够减轻剖宫产产妇的宫缩痛,加速胃肠蠕动,促进肛门排气,提升生活自理能力,改善产妇舒适度。