Intraoperative Blood Pressure Lability Acts as a Key Mediator in the Impacts of Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy on Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Major Spine Surgery

Objective Although goal-directed fluid therapy(GDFT)has been proven to be effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative complications,the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of intraoperative hemodynamic lability in the association between GDFT and the incidence of postoperative complications.We further tested the role of this mediation effect using mean arterial pressure,a hemodynamic indicator.Methods This secondary analysis used the dataset of a completed nonrandomized controlled study to investigate the effect of GDFT on the incidence of postoperative complications in patients undergoing posterior spine arthrodesis.We used a simple mediation model to test whether there was a mediation effect of average real variability between the association of GDFT and postoperative complications.We conducted mediation analysis using the mediation package in R(version 3.1.2),based on 5,000 bootstrapped samples,adjusting for covariates.Results Among the 300 patients in the study,40%(120/300)developed postoperative complications within 30 days.GDFT was associated with fewer 30-day postoperative complications after adjustment for confounders(odds ratio:0.460,95%CI:0.278,0.761;P=0.003).The total effect of GDFT on postoperative complications was-0.18(95%CI:-0.28,-0.07;P<0.01).The average causal mediation effect was-0.08(95%CI:-0.15,-0.04;P<0.01).The average direct effect was-0.09(95%CI:-0.20,0.03;P=0.17).The proportion mediated was 49.9%(95%CI:18.3%,140.0%).Conclusions The intraoperative blood pressure lability mediates the relationship between GDFT and the incidence of postoperative complications.Future research is needed to clarify whether actively reducing intraoperative blood pressure lability can prevent postoperative complications.

Optimizing risk management for post-amputation wound complications in diabetic patients: Focus on glycemic and immunosuppressive control

This study highlights the importance of identifying and addressing risk factors associated with wound complications following transtibial amputation in diabetic patients.These amputations,often necessitated by severe diabetic foot ulcers,carry significant risks of postoperative complications such as infection and delayed wound healing.Elevated hemoglobin A1c levels,indicative of poor glycemic control,and a history of kidney transplantation,due to required immunosuppressive therapy,are key factors influencing these outcomes.This paper emphasizes the need for enhanced glycemic management and personalized postoperative care,particularly for immunocompromised individuals,to minimize complications and improve patient prognosis.Future research should focus on prospective studies to validate targeted interventions and optimize care strategies,ultimately aiming to reduce the healthcare burden associated with diabetic foot complications.

Retrospective research of neoadjuvant therapy on tumordownstaging,post-operative complications,and prognosis in locally advanced rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)is becoming increasingly important in locally advanced rectal cancer.Hence,such research has become a problem.AIM To evaluate the downstaging effect of NAT,its impact on postoperative complications and its prognosis with different medical regimens.METHODS Seventy-seven cases from Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine were retrospectively collected and divided into the neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy(NRCT)group and the neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NCT)group.The differences between the two groups in tumor regression,postoperative complications,rectal function,disease-free survival,and overall survival were compared using theχ2 test and Kaplan-Meier analysis.RESULTS Baseline data showed no statistical differences between the two groups,whereas the NRCT group had a higher rate of T4(30/55 vs 5/22,P<0.05)than the NCT groups.Twelve cases were evaluated as complete responders,and 15 cases were evaluated as tumor regression grade 0.Except for the reduction rate of T stage(NRCT 37/55 vs NCT 9/22,P<0.05),there was no difference in effectiveness between the two groups.Preoperative radiation was not a risk factor for poor reaction or anastomotic leakage.No significant difference in postoperative complications and disease-free survival between the two groups was observed,although the NRCT group might have better long-term overall survival.CONCLUSION NAT can cause tumor downstaging preoperatively or even complete remission of the primary tumor.Radiochemotherapy could lead to better T downstaging and promising overall survival without more complications.

43 CASES OF POSTOPERATIVE GASTROINTESTINAL DYSFUNCTION TREATED WITH ACUPUNCTURE PLUS AURICULAR-PLASTER THERAPY

After general surgical operation, a part of patients occur gastrointestinal dysfunction.The author has treated 43 cases of postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction by acupuncture plus auricularplaster therapy. Body points Neiguan((PC 6 ), Hegu(LI 4 ), Zusanli (ST 36 ) and Gongsun(SP4), and auricular points Shenmen(MA-TF 1 ), Wei, Jiaogan(MA-AH 7) and Dachang(MA-SC 4),etc. were selected. Results indicated that 31 cases were cured, 11 cases were effective and one casewas ineffective. The total effective rate was 97. 7%. There was no statistically significant differencebetween the kinds of diseases operated and therapeutic effects. The method is convenient and its actionlasts a long period with more satisfactory effects for treatment of postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction.

OBSERVATION ON THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF ACUPUNCTURE IN 206 CASES WITH POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION OF ANUS AND INTESTINE

The authors have treated postoperative complication of anus and intestine by usingacupuncture at main point Chengshan(BL 57) with cool-producing needling manipulation. Therapeuticeffects of the treatment on postoperative severe pain, retention of urine, constipation, and bleedingwere observed clinically. Results indicated that the cure rate was 97. 6 % and the total effective ratewas 100%. Strong stimulation of Chengshan(BL 57) point improved mainly postoperative edema,spasm, local edema. The improvement of hyperemia and spasm is a ma jor factor of curing various postoperative complication of the anus and intestine. The therapeutic method has advantages of using lesspoints, rapidly producing effects, shorter therapeutic course, suffering little for patients, and no sideeffect.

Acupuncture for Treating Postoperative Enteroparalysis

Postoperative enteroparalysis refers to dysfunction of the intestinal tract after abdominal surgery, which is manifested by abdominal distension, failure of aerofluxus from the anus etc.

Analysis of serious complications of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective: To analyze the inductive agents, post-surgical managements and precautions of the serious complications caused by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Clinical data of 2 375 cases of TACE for 832 patients with middle-stage or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma from January 1994 to December 2002 were analyzed. Results: There were 7 cases of serious complications, one of which was liver carcinoma rupture and another was acute renal failure. Totally there were 4 cases of paraplegia and one case of conduit knotted. Conclusion: Deadly complications may happen after TACE and it needs close surveillance and management in time.

The effect of intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy in patients under anesthesia for gastrointestinal surgery

BACKGROUND Intraoperative fluid management is an important aspect of anesthesia mana-gement in gastrointestinal surgery.Intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy(GDFT)is a method for optimizing a patient's physiological state by monitoring and regulating fluid input in real-time.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative GDFT in patients under anesthesia for gastrointestinal surgery.METHODS This study utilized a retrospective comparative study design and included 60 patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery at a hospital.The experimental group(GDFT group)and the control group,each comprising 30 patients,received intraoperative GDFT and traditional fluid management strategies,respectively.The effect of GDFT was evaluated by comparing postoperative recovery,com-plication rates,hospitalization time,and other indicators between the two patient groups.RESULTS Intraoperative blood loss in the experimental and control groups was 296.64±46.71 mL and 470.05±73.26 mL(P<0.001),and urine volume was 415.13±96.72 mL and 239.15±94.69 mL(P<0.001),respectively.The postoperative recovery time was 5.44±1.1 days for the experimental group compared to 7.59±1.45 days(P<0.001)for the control group.Hospitalization time for the experimental group was 10.87±2.36 days vs 13.65±3 days for the control group(P<0.001).The visual analogue scale scores of the experimental and control groups at 24 h and 48 h INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal surgery is one of the most common procedures in the field of general surgery[1],involving the stomach,intestines,liver,pancreas,spleen,and other internal abdominal organs[2,3].With advancements in surgical technology and anesthesia methods,the safety and success rates of surgery have significantly improved[4,5].However,intraop-erative fluid management remains a critical challenge[6].Traditional fluid management strategies often rely on experience and basic physiological parameters,which may lead to excessive or insufficient fluid input,thereby affecting postoperative recovery and complication rates.Intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy(GDFT)is an emerging fluid management strategy that dynamically adjusts fluid input volume by monitoring the patient's hemodynamic parameters in real-time to optimize the patient's physiological state[7,8].GDFT has shown superiority in many surgical fields;however,its application in gastrointestinal surgery requires further research and verification[9,10].The application of intraoperative GDFT in clinical settings has gradually increased in recent years[11,12].Studies have demonstrated that GDFT can optimize tissue perfusion and oxygenation by precisely controlling fluid input and reducing the occurrence of postoperative complications[13,14].For example,in cardiac and major vascular surgeries,GDFT significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury and cardiovascular events[15,16].Similarly,in abdominal surgery,GDFT effectively reduced postoperative infections and expedited recovery[17].However,studies on the utilization of GDFT in gastrointestinal surgery are relatively limited and they are confounded by contradictory findings[18].Traditional fluid management strategies typically rely on estimating fluid input volume based on the patient's weight,preoperative status,and basic physiological parameters[19].However,this method lacks real-time dynamic adjustment,which may result in either insufficient or excessive fluid input,consequently affecting postoperative recovery.Insufficient fluid input can lead to hypovolemia and inadequate tissue perfusion,whereas excessive fluid input can cause tissue edema and postoperative complications,such as pulmonary edema and heart failure.GDFT involves dynamically adjusting fluid input volume by monitoring the patient's hemodynamic parameters in real-time,such as cardiac output,pulse pressure variability,and central venous pressure.Commonly used monitoring equipment include esophageal Doppler and pulse wave profile analyzers[20].These devices provide real-time hemo-dynamic data to assist anesthesiologists in tailoring fluid therapy to a patient's specific condition.Firstly,the patient's volume responsiveness is assessed by preloading fluid;secondly,fluid input volume is dynamically adjusted based on real-time monitoring data;finally,vasoactive and inotropic drugs are administered in combination to further optimize the patient’s hemodynamic status.Through personalized fluid management,GDFT can more accurately maintain intraop-erative hemodynamic stability and reduce complications[21].Gastrointestinal surgery involves procedures on multiple organs,often requiring prolonged operative times and extensive tissue trauma,which presents challenges for intraop-erative fluid management.Surgical procedures can lead to significant bleeding and fluid loss,requiring prompt and effective fluid replenishment.In addition,the slow recovery of gastrointestinal function after surgery and susceptibility to complications such as intestinal obstruction and delayed gastric emptying elevate the necessity for postoperative fluid management.

Perioperative restricted fluid therapy preserves immunological function in patients with colorectal cancer

AIM: To investigate the effect of perioperative restricted fluid therapy on circulating CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio, percentage of regulatory T cells (Treg) and postoperative complications in patients with colorectal cancer.

Efficacy of Surgical Therapy for Carotid Body Tumors

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of surgical therapy for carotid body tumors. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted, covering the diagnosis, surgical procedure, postoperative complications, and prognosis of 120 cases of carotid body tumors in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1949 to May, 2011. Results Surgical excision was successfully performed in 111 cases with 117 tumors. In all those cases, 50 underwent simple tumor resection, 42 underwent resection of tumors and ligation of the external carotid arteries, 7 underwent co-resection of tumors and common carotid arteries, internal carotid arteries, as well as external arteries without vascular reconstruction, and the other 12 cases experienced tumor resection and vascular reconstruction as internal carotid arteries were involved. After operation, 3 cases developed cerebral infarction, 30 cases showed cranial nerve palsy, including 15 cases of hypoglossal nerve damage, 10 cases of vagus paralysis, and 5 cases of Horner's syndrome. Conclusion It is essential to make a proper surgical strategy, which can reduce postoperative com- plications.

Role of interventional therapy in hepatic artery stenosis and non-anastomosis bile duct stricture after orthotopic liver transplantation

AIM： To analyze the clinical manifestations and the effectiveness of therapy in patients with orthotopic liver bansplantation （OLT）-associated hepatic artery stenosis （HAS） and non-anastomosis bile duct stricture.METHODS： Nine cases were diagnosed as HAS and non-anastomosis bile duct stricture. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty （PTA） was performed in four HAS cases, and expectant treatment in other five HAS cases, percutaneous transhepatic bile drainage, balloon dilation, stent placement were performed in all nine cases.RESULTS： Diffuse intra- and extra-bile duct stricture was observed in nine cases, which was associated with bile mud siltation and biliary infection. Obstruction of the bile duct was improved obviously or removed. Life span/ follow-up period was 13-30 mo after PTA of four HAS cases, 6-23 mo without PTA of other five cases.CONCLUSION： Progressive, non-anastomosis, and diffuse bile duct stricture are the characteristic manifestations of HAS and non-anastomosis bile duct stricture after OLT. These are often associated with bile mud siltation, biliary infection, and ultimate liver failure. Interventional therapy is significantly beneficial.

Therapy of acute severe pancreatitis awaits further improvement

ＴｈｅｒａｐｙｏｆａｃｕｔｅｓｅｖｅｒｅｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｉｔｉｓａｗａｉｔｓｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔＷＵＸｉａｎＺｈｏｎｇＳｕｂｊｅｃｔｈｅａｄｉｎｇｓｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｉｔｉｓ／ｔｈｅｒａｐｙ；ｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｉｔｉｓ／ｄｒｕｇｔｈｅｒ...

儿童肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻手术并发症的认识与思考

肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻是儿童最常见的先天性上尿路梗阻,离断式肾盂输尿管成形术是治疗该病的金标准,手术成功率达90%以上。然而如何避免手术并发症(特别是严重并发症)仍然充满了挑战。随着外科技术的不断创新,外科医师应在更精准把握手术指征、全面认识和正确处理手术并发症上提高认识,从而使患儿从手术治疗中最大化获益。本文阐述肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻患儿肾盂输尿管成形术后并发症的类型、病因、预防和处理,并对相关危险因素提出思考。

围术期目标导向液体治疗对老年胃癌根治术伴高血压患者血流动力学、术后恢复及并发症的影响

目的探讨围术期目标导向液体治疗(GDFT)对老年胃癌根治术伴高血压患者血流动力学、术后恢复及并发症的影响。方法选取88例老年胃癌根治术伴高血压患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组44例。治疗组围术期采用GDFT,对照组围术期采用常规液体治疗。比较2组患者不同时点的平均动脉压、心率、中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO_(2)),以及术后排气时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症发生率。结果2组患者平均动脉压、心率、ScvO_(2)的时间效应(F=60.488、49.789、39.423)、组间效应(F=17.317、12.969、10.101)及交互效应(F=26.415、22.546、17.294)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术毕,治疗组的平均动脉压、心率、ScvO_(2)高于麻醉前,且高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组术后排气时间、住院时间依次为(2.25±0.61)、(10.29±1.96)d,分别短于对照组的(2.82±0.71)、(12.36±2.29)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组术后并发症总发生率为11.36%,低于对照组的29.54%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将GDFT应用于老年胃癌根治术伴高血压患者围术期,可提供更稳定的血流动力学环境,改善组织灌注情况,加速术后康复进程,并减少术后并发症。

温针配合穴位贴敷及药物干预乳腺癌化疗相关性恶心呕吐的临床研究

目的观察温针配合穴位贴敷及药物干预乳腺癌化疗相关性恶心呕吐(chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting,CINV)的临床疗效。方法将110例乳腺癌术后辅助化疗患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组55例。对照组于化疗前30 min接受静脉滴注注射用盐酸托烷司琼治疗,观察组在对照组基础上于化疗前1 d接受温针配合穴位贴敷治疗。观察两组化疗前后不同时间点恶心、呕吐反应症状评分及血清5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)水平的变化情况,并比较两组CINV发生率。结果观察组CINV发生率为34.5%,明显低于对照组的56.4%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组化疗后第3 d恶心、呕吐反应症状评分均较同组化疗前显著上升,化疗后第5、7 d恶心、呕吐反应症状评分均较同组化疗第3 d显著下降,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组化疗后第3、5、7 d恶心、呕吐反应症状评分均明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组化疗后第7 d血清5-HT水平均较同组化疗前显著上升(P<0.05)。观察组化疗后第7 d血清5-HT水平明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论温针配合穴位贴敷及药物干预能降低乳腺癌CINV的发生率,有助于缓解恶心、呕吐症状,其机制可能与降低5-HT水平有关。

针刺四关穴缓解无痛胃镜诊疗术中并发呃逆疗效观察

目的 基于“气逆动膈”理论,观察针刺四关穴缓解无痛胃镜诊疗术中并发呃逆的有效性和安全性。方法 将100例无痛胃镜诊疗术中并发呃逆的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组50例。治疗组采用针刺双侧合谷、太冲穴治疗,对照组不做任何治疗。观察并记录两组呃逆持续时间、胃镜治疗时间、麻醉苏醒时间及不同时间点各项血流动力学指标[平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure, MAP)、心率(heart rate, HR)、血氧饱和度(oxygen saturation, SPO_(2))],比较两组临床疗效。结果 治疗组治疗后治愈率和总有效率分别为50.0%和82.0%,明显高于对照组的14.0%和48.0%,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组呃逆持续时间、胃镜治疗时间均明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。两组呃逆开始时SPO_(2)水平均较基础值显著下降(P<0.05)。治疗组施针后5 min和10 min SPO_(2)水平均明显高于对照组,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 针刺四关穴治疗无痛胃镜诊疗术中并发呃逆疗效确切,能有效减少患者呃逆持续时间和胃镜治疗时间。

肺动脉收缩压对妊娠合并分流性先天性心脏病相关肺动脉高压患者预后的影响

目的阐明肺动脉收缩压(SPAP)与妊娠合并分流性先天性心脏病相关肺动脉高压(PH)患者预后的关系。方法纳入2010年1月至2020年7月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院254例妊娠合并分流性先天性心脏病相关PH患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。按是否需要术后药物治疗分为未使用药物治疗组(131例)和药物治疗组(123例)。比较2组基本特征及围手术期管理资料。SPAP依据超声心动图估测,SPAP与术后药物治疗的相关性由回归模型评估并进行曲线拟合以及阈值饱和效应分析。结果药物治疗组体重指数和孕周均小于、术中输液量少于未使用药物治疗组,纽约心脏病协会心功能分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级比例、SPAP水平、三尖瓣大量反流比例均高于未使用药物治疗组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。在调整了可能的混杂因素后,SPAP与术后药物治疗存在非线性相关性,SPAP的转折点在90 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)。当SPAP≤90 mmHg时,术后药物治疗的风险随着SPAP的升高而增加(比值比=1.06,95%置信区间:1.02~1.09,P=0.001),SPAP>90 mmHg时,SPAP与术后药物治疗无显著相关性(比值比=0.99,95%置信区间:0.96~1.02,P=0.478)。相对于SPAP≤90 mmHg产妇,SPAP>90 mmHg者术后药物治疗的风险更高(比值比=3.06,95%置信区间:1.14~8.06,P=0.023)。结论合并重度PH产妇术后需要药物治疗风险高。对于轻中度患者,需要提高警惕,做好药物治疗准备及尽早改善肺动脉压力以降低妊娠风险。对于这些患者,多因素个体化评估更为重要。

认知行为疗法在心脏瓣膜置换术后护理中的应用

目的探讨认知行为疗法在心脏瓣膜置换术后护理中的应用效果。方法选取82例实施心脏瓣膜置换术的患者为研究对象,随机将其分为观察组和对照组,各41例。对照组患者采取常规护理干预,观察组患者在对照组的基础上采取认知行为疗法干预。比较两组患者心理弹性[心理弹性量表简表(RS-14)评分]、应对方式[医学应对方式问卷(MCMQ)评分]、自我管理效能[心脏健康自我效能和自我管理量表(HH-SESM)评分]、疾病不确定感[疾病不确定感成人量表(MUIS-A)评分]、护理满意度(纽卡斯尔护理满意度量表评分)以及术后并发症。结果干预后,两组患者RS-14各维度评分均较干预前升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.01);两组患者MCMQ面对维度评分均较干预前升高,回避、屈服维度评分均较干预前降低,且观察组优于对照组,(P<0.01);观察组患者HH-SESM各维度评分均高于干预前,且高于对照组(P<0.01);两组患者MUIS-A各维度评分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组患者护理总满意率高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论应用认知行为疗法进行干预,疗效确切,能促进术后康复进程,值得在临床推广。

术后无创呼吸支持的研究进展

术后肺部并发症(PPCs)是指术后发生的呼吸系统并发症,主要包括呼吸道感染、呼吸衰竭、胸腔积液、肺不张、气胸、支气管痉挛及吸入性肺炎等。PPCs的发生与患者自身、手术和麻醉等因素密切相关,影响患者围术期康复及预后。无创呼吸支持(NRS)包括常规氧气疗法(COT)、无创正压通气(NPPV)、经鼻高流量(HFNC)氧疗等,通过改善肺部呼吸力学和满足氧气需求减少肺部并发症的发生。目前NRS已在重症监护病房(ICU)广泛应用,但其术后应用尚无共识。本文就近年来术后NRS应用的研究进展进行综述,包括NRS的模式、NRS在不同类型手术的应用和NRS在不同类型患者的应用等内容,为促进术后康复提供参考。

腕踝针联合中药熏蒸对混合痔患者术后肛周水肿及肛门功能的影响

目的 观察腕踝针联合中药熏蒸对混合痔术患者术后肛周水肿及肛门功能的影响。方法 将83例行混合痔手术的患者随机分为熏蒸组(28例)、腕踝针组(25例)和联合组(30例)。3组均采用常规治疗,熏蒸组采用四妙散熏蒸治疗,腕踝针组进行腕踝针治疗,联合组采用腕踝针联合四妙散熏蒸治疗。观察3组治疗前后便秘症状评分(粪便性状、排便困难和排便时间评分)、肛肠动力学指标[直肠静息压(rectal resting pressure,RRP)、肛管静息压(anal resting pressure, ARP)和肛管最大收缩压(anal maximal contraction pressure,AMCP)]、肛周水肿评分、视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale, VAS)评分和肛门功能评分(排气、稀便、黏液和干便评分),并比较3组临床疗效。结果 与治疗前比较,3组治疗后便秘症状评分、肛周水肿评分、VAS评分和肛门功能评分降低,肛肠动力学指标升高(P<0.05);联合组上述指标优于熏蒸组和腕踝针组(P<0.05)。联合组总有效率为93.3%,高于熏蒸组的78.6%和腕踝针组的72.0%(P<0.05);熏蒸组和腕踝针组总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 在常规治疗的基础上,腕踝针联合四妙散熏蒸治疗,可降低混合痔患者术后肛周水肿程度,并改善患者肛门功能,减轻患者疼痛程度。