Efficacy of ileus tube combined with meglumine diatrizoate in treating postoperative inflammatory bowel obstruction after surgery

BACKGROUND Early postoperative inflammatory small bowel obstruction(EPISBO)is easy to be complicated after colorectal cancer surgery.Both intestinal obstruction catheter and meglumine can treat EPISBO.AIM To investigate the efficacy of an intestinal obstruction tube combined with meg-lumine diazo in treating EPISBO of colorectal cancer.METHODS Data from 60 patients with colorectal cancer and intestinal obstruction admitted to the Proctology Department of our hospital from April 2018 to May 2022 were collected and analyzed and divided into three cohorts according to different treatment regimens.Cohort A(n=20)received a transnasal intestinal obstruction catheter with panumglumine,and cohort B(n=20)received a transnasal intestinal obstruction catheter with liquid paraffin.Cohort C(n=20)received oral treatment with meglumine.The clinical efficacy,first exhaust/defecation time,length of hospital stay,gastrointestinal decompression time,relief time of abdo-minal pain,and relief time of abdominal distension were compared among the three cohorts.The levels of C-reactive protein(CRP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1),serum albumin,and transferrin were compared among the three cohorts before and after treatment.The occurrence of adverse reactions in the three cohorts was compared.RESULTS Compared with cohort C,the successful treatment rate of cohort A was signi-ficantly higher.There were statistically significant variations in the time of first exhaust/defecation,length of hospital stays,gastrointestinal decompression time,relief time of abdominal pain,and relief time of abdominal distention among the three cohorts.Compared with cohort C,cohort A’s first exhaust/defecation time,hospitalization time,gastrointestinal decompression time,abdominal pain relief time,and abdominal distension relief time was reduced(P<0.05).After treatment,serum CRP,TNF-α,IL-6,and MCP-1 expression levels increased,and serum albumin and serum transferrin levels increased in the three cohorts.The serum albumin level in cohort A was higher than in cohort C.Compared with cohort B and cohort C,the serum transferrin level in cohort A increased(P<0.05).Compared with cohort C,the total incidence of adverse reactions in cohorts A and B was significantly higher(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was similar between cohort A and cohort B.CONCLUSION Using an ileus tube combined with meglumine diatrizoate can effectively treat postoperative inflammatory ileus obstructions after surgery colorectal cancer and improve prognosis,inflammatory response,and nutritional status.

Acupuncture therapies in combination with conservative treatments for postoperative ileus:a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background:Although acupuncture therapies have been widely used in combination with conservative treatments(CT)for postoperative ileus(POI),evidence of their safety and efficacy remains scarce.To evaluate and rank the efficacy of different acupuncture therapies combined with CT for POI.Methods:A comprehensive search was carried out in several databases(Embase,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database and China Biology Medicine disc)for relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating different acupuncture therapies for POI from inception to February 17,2023.The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to determine the risks of bias of the included RCTs.The primary outcomes included the time to first defecation,time to first flatus,and time to first bowel movement;and the secondary outcome was the response rate.Pairwise meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3 software,and network meta-analysis was carried out by Stata v.15.0 software.The cumulative ranking curve was obtained with Stata v.15.0 and was utilized to rank the included treatments.Results:29 studies with 2,600 participants were included in this systematic review.This meta-analysis demonstrated that all acupuncture therapies combined with CT were superior to conservative treatments alone in time to first defecation,time to first flatus,time to first bowel movement,and response rate.Among 10 evaluated methods,auricular needle with CT was the most effective treatment to reduce the time to first defecation.Furthermore,moxibustion with CT was the most effective in reducing the time to first flatus,and warm needling with CT most markedly reduced the time to first bowel movement among 9 interventions.Moreover,manual acupuncture with CT showed the largest improvement in response rate.Conclusion:This meta-analysis revealed that all acupuncture therapies are effective and safe for POI,with warm needling+CT being the most effective way to relieve symptoms.These results indicated that acupuncture therapies combined with CT should be considered for POI patients.However,most of the included trials were ranked as moderate quality,and further large-scale,high-quality RCTs are required to confirm the optimal interventions for POI patients.

Postoperative ileus: Impact of pharmacological treatment,laparoscopic surgery and enhanced recovery pathways

Almost all patients develop postoperative ileus (POI) after abdominal surgery.POI represents the single largest factor influencing length of stay (LOS) after bowel resection,and has great implications for patients and resource utilization in health care.New methods to treat and decrease the length of POI are therefore of great importance.During the past decade,a substantial amount of research has been performed evaluating POI,and great progress has been made in our understanding and treatment of POI.Laparoscopic procedures,enhanced recovery pathways and pharmacologic treatment have been introduced.Each factor has substantially contributed to decreasing the length of POI and thus LOS after bowel resection.This editorial outlines resource utilization of POI,normal physiology of gut motility and pathogenesis of POI.Pharmacological treatment,fast track protocols and laparoscopic surgery can each have significant impact on pathways causing POI.The optimal integration of these treatment options continues to be assessed in prospective studies.

Nomogram to predict prolonged postoperative ileus after gastrectomy in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Prolonged postoperative ileus(PPOI)is one of the common complications in gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy.Evidence on the predictors of PPOI after gastrectomy is limited and few prediction models of nomogram are used to estimate the risk of PPOI.We hypothesized that a predictive nomogram can be used for clinical risk estimation of PPOI in gastric cancer patients.AIM To investigate the risk factors for PPOI and establish a nomogram for clinical risk estimation.METHODS Between June 2016 and March 2017,the data of 162 patients with gastrectomy were obtained from a prospective and observational registry database.Clinical data of patients who fulfilled the criteria were obtained.Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to detect the relationship between variables and PPOI.A nomogram for PPOI was developed and verified by bootstrap resampling.The calibration curve was employed to detect the concentricity between the model probability curve and ideal curve.The clinical usefulness of our model was evaluated using the net benefit curve.RESULTS This study analyzed 14 potential variables of PPOI in 162 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy.The incidence of PPOI was 19.75%in patients with gastrectomy.Age older than 60 years,open surgery,advanced stage(III–IV),and postoperative use of opioid analgesic were independent risk factors for PPOI.We developed a simple and easy-to-use prediction nomogram of PPOI after gastrectomy.This nomogram had an excellent diagnostic performance[area under the curve(AUC)=0.836,sensitivity=84.4%,and specificity=75.4%].This nomogram was further validated by bootstrapping for 500 repetitions.The AUC of the bootstrap model was 0.832(95%CI:0.741–0.924).This model showed a good fitting and calibration and positive net benefits in decision curve analysis.CONCLUSION We have developed a prediction nomogram of PPOI for gastric cancer.This novel nomogram might serve as an essential early warning sign of PPOI in gastric cancer patients.

Preoperative albumin levels predict prolonged postoperative ileus in gastrointestinal surgery

BACKGROUND Prolonged postoperative ileus(PPOI) is a prolonged state of "pathological"gastrointestinal(GI) tract dysmotility. There are relatively few studies examining the influence of preoperative nutritional status on the development of PPOI in patients who underwent GI surgery. The association between preoperative albumin and PPOI has not been fully studied. We hypothesized that preoperative albumin may be an independent indicator of PPOI.AIM To analyze the role of preoperative albumin in predicting PPOI and to establish a nomogram for clinical risk evaluation.METHODS Patients were drawn from a prospective hospital registry database of GI surgery.A total of 311 patients diagnosed with gastric or colorectal cancer between June 2016 and March 2017 were included. Potential predictors of PPOI were analyzed by univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses, and a nomogram for quantifying the presence of PPOI was developed and internally validated.RESULTS The overall PPOI rate was 21.54%. Advanced tumor stage and postoperative opioid analgesic administration were associated with PPOI. Preoperative albumin was an independent predictor of PPOI, and an optimal cutoff value of 39.15 was statistically calculated. After adjusting multiple variables, per unit or per SD increase in albumin resulted in a significant decrease in the incidence of PPOI of 8%(OR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.85-1.00, P = 0.046) or 27%(OR = 0.73, 95%CI:0.54-0.99, P = 0.046), respectively. Patients with a high level of preoperative albumin(≥ 39.15) tended to experience PPOI compared to those with low levels(< 39.15)(OR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.24-0.78, P = 0.006). A nomogram for predicting PPOI was developed [area under the curve(AUC) = 0.741] and internally validated by bootstrap resampling(AUC = 0.725, 95%CI: 0.663-0.799).CONCLUSION Preoperative albumin is an independent predictive factor of PPOI in patients who underwent GI surgery. The nomogram provided a model to screen for early indications in the clinical setting.

Controlling postoperative ileus by vagal activation

Postoperative ileus is a frequently occurring surgical complication, leading to increased morbidity and hospital stay. Abdominal surgical interventions are known to result in a protracted cessation of bowel movement. Activation of inhibitory neural pathways by nociceptive stimuli leads to an inhibition of propulsive activity, which resolves shortly after closure of the abdomen. The subsequent formation of an inflammatory infiltrate in the muscular layers of the intestine results in a more prolonged phase of ileus. Over the last decade, clinical strategies focusing on reduction of surgical stress and promoting postoperative recovery have improved the course of postoperative ileus. Additionally, recent experimental evidence implicated antiinflammatory interventions, such as vagal stimulation, as potential targets to treat postoperative ileus and reduce the period of intestinal hypomotility. Activation of nicotinic receptors on inflammatory cells by vagal input attenuates inflammation and promotes gastrointestinal motility in experimental models of ileus. A novel physiologicalintervention to activate this neuroimmune pathway is enteral administration of lipid-rich nutrition. Perioperative administration of lipid-rich nutrition reduced manipulation-induced local inflammation of the intestine and accelerated recovery of bowel movement. The application of safe and easy to use antiinflammatory interventions, together with the current multimodal approach, could reduce postoperative ileus to an absolute minimum and shorten hospital stay.

Transcutaneous electroacupuncture alleviates postoperative ileus after gastrectomy: A randomized clinical trial

AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of transcutaneouselectroacupuncture(TEA) to alleviate postoperative ileus(POI) after gastrectomy.METHODS From April 2014 to February 2017, 63 gastric cancer patients were recruited from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. After gastrectomy, the patients were randomly allocated to the TEA(n = 33) or control(n = 30) group. The patients in the TEA group received 1 h TEA on Neiguan(ST36) and Zusanli(PC6) twice daily in the morning and afternoon until they passed flatus. The main outcomes were hours to the first flatus or bowel movement, time to nasogastric tube removal, time to liquid and semi-liquid diet, and hospital stay. The secondary outcomes included postoperative symptom assessment and complications.RESULTS Time to first flatus in the TEA group was significantly shorter than in the control group(73.19 ± 15.61 vs 82.82 ± 20.25 h, P = 0.038), especially for open gastrectomy(76.53 ± 14.29 vs 87.23 ± 20.75 h, P = 0.048). Bowel sounds on day 2 in the TEA group were significantly greater than in the control group(2.30 ± 2.61/min vs 1.05 ± 1.26/min, P = 0.017). Time to nasogastric tube removal in the TEA group was earlier than in the control group(4.22 ± 1.01 vs 4.97 ± 1.67 d, P = 0.049), as well as the time to liquid diet(5.0 ± 1.34 vs 5.83 ± 2.10 d, P = 0.039). Hospital stay in the TEA group was significantly shorter than in the control group(8.06 ± 1.75 vs 9.40 ± 3.09 d, P = 0.041). No significant differences in postoperative symptom assessment and complications were found between the groups. There were no severe adverse events related to TEA.CONCLUSION TEA accelerated bowel movements and alleviated POI after open gastrectomy and shortened hospital stay.

Coffee and Postoperative Ileus:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Postoperative ileus is most common complication after abdominal and pelvicsurgery.Evidences from randomized clinical trials(RCTs)suggest the postoperative coffee consumption shortens the length of ileus and length of hospital stay.Objective The purpose of this systematically searched meta-analysis was to assess the effects of postoperative coffee consumption on different bowel parameters and length of hospital stay.We compared the effect of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee as well as assessed the evidence of complication,safety and efficacy of coffee consumption postoperatively.Design Two researchers independently screened three databases(PubMed,Google Scholar and Web of Science)for potential studies published before October 2017.Summary standardized mean difference(SMD)and 95%confidence interval(CI)were calculated with the random-effects model and fixed-effects model.Publication bias was assessed via Begg’s and Egger’s tests and funnel plot inspection.Results Six studies including 491 patients were identified.A total of 230 patients received coffee with 233 controls.Postoperative coffee consumption decreased time to first bowel movement(SMD-0.63,95%CI-0.99 to-0.26;P=0.003),time to first flatus(SMD-0.76,95%CI-1.14 to-0.38;P=0.002),time to solid food tolerance(SMD-0.63,95%CI-1.06 to-0.19;P=0.014),time to first defecation(SMD-1.32,95%CI-2.39 to-2.24;P=0.002)and length of hospital stay(SMD-1.25,95%CI-2.15 to-0.35;P=0.001).In decaffeinated coffee group,decreased time to first bowel movement and time to first flatus were not statistically significant.The difference in incidence of postoperative complications between coffee and control group was not significant.Conclusions Coffee consumption is safe and might offer a simple approach to reduce ileus following surgery.

新斯的明上巨虚穴位注射治疗老年结肠癌术后肠麻痹疗效观察

目的 探讨新斯的明上巨虚穴位注射治疗老年结肠癌术后肠麻痹(POI)的临床疗效。方法 选取河北省沧州市中心医院2020年10月至2022年10月收治的老年结肠癌术后POI患者60例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,各30例。对照组患者予新斯的明肌肉注射治疗,研究组患者予新斯的明上巨虚穴位注射治疗,两组患者均治疗3 d。结果 研究组总有效率为96.67%,显著高于对照的73.33%(P <0.05)。研究组患者的肠鸣音恢复、首次排便、首次排气、进食、住院的时间均显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。术后1 d,两组患者白细胞介素6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达水平均较术前显著升高(P <0.05);术后3 d,两组患者腹痛、腹胀评分及IL-6,TNF-α的表达水平均较术前显著降低(P <0.05),且研究组均显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。两组患者均未发生不良反应。结论 新斯的明上巨虚穴位注射治疗老年结肠癌术后POI的临床疗效良好,可缓解患者的临床症状,降低炎性因子表达水平,改善肠胃道功能,且安全性好。

基于三焦—玄府气液理论探讨术后延迟性肠麻痹之病机及中医证治

术后延迟性肠麻痹(PPOI)是腹部术后肠功能恢复时间延迟、术后康复时间延长并易产生感染、血栓形成等一系列术后并发症的疾病。三焦为沟通全身津液、主持诸气之大腑,玄府为调整全身气机升降、水液代谢之玄微之府,二者密切联系。三焦—玄府气液失于宣通、肠腑失润,是产生术后PPOI重要病机。通过理三焦之气津、宣玄府之开阖,以期为PPOI的中医治疗提供思路。

针刺足三里对小鼠术后肠麻痹的作用机制

目的:本研究旨在探索针刺足三里穴位治疗术后肠麻痹的作用及其信号传导机制。方法:使用野生型小鼠和Toll样受体4基因敲除小鼠各10只构建术后肠麻痹模型。比较Toll样受体4基因敲除小鼠、野生型小鼠术后胃肠运动功能、肠黏膜损伤情况。使用20只野生型小鼠构建术后肠麻痹模型,随机分为电针足三里穴位组和足三里穴位对照组,每组10只,电针足三里穴位组在造模后6、24、48、72 h连续足三里穴位电针刺激4次,足三里穴位对照组连接电针仪但不给予电刺激,检测两组实验动物胃肠功能运动情况、小肠组织炎症因子水平和Toll样受体相关通路关键分子TLR4、TRAF6及JNK表达。结果:与野生型小鼠相比,Toll样受体4基因敲除小鼠的胃肠运动功能改善,小肠组织炎症因子表达下调,肠黏膜损伤较轻。给予电针足三里穴位刺激可改善胃肠运动功能,减轻小肠组织炎症因子表达水平,并下调Toll样受体4相关因子TLR4、TRAF6和JNK表达水平。结论:电针足三里穴位可减轻术后肠麻痹,Toll样受体4信号通路在其中可能发挥关键调节作用。

复杂性急性阑尾炎腹腔镜术后并发肠梗阻的影响因素及其预测价值分析

目的研究复杂性急性阑尾炎(complicated acute appendicitis,CAA)患者腹腔镜阑尾切除术后并发肠梗阻(postoperative ileus,POI)的影响因素。方法回顾性收集2022年9月—2023年12月就诊于郑州市中心医院的CAA患者临床资料,根据腹腔镜阑尾切除术后临床症状和影像学分为POI组和非POI组。采用Logistic回归分析CAA患者术后并发POI的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线探究相关指标的预测价值。结果共纳入153例CAA患者,其中POI组15例,非POI组138例。单因素分析结果显示,POI组与非POI组在年龄、腹部手术史、术前全身炎症反应综合征(systemic inflammatory response syndrome,SIRS)、白细胞计数(white blood cell,WBC)、白蛋白计数(albumin,ALB)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)和术后留置引流管的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,术前SIRS[OR=31.212,95%CI(2.012,484.090),P<0.05]、WBC升高[OR=1.328,95%CI(1.048,1.682),P<0.05]和NLR升高[OR=1.430,95%CI(1.114,1.837),P<0.05]是CAA患者腹腔镜阑尾切除术后并发POI的危险因素,ALB升高[OR=0.734,95%CI(0.565,0.953),P<0.05]是术后并发POI的保护因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示,WBC、NLR、ALB预测CAA患者术后并发POI的曲线下面积分别为0.842[95%CI(0.756,0.927),P<0.001]、0.904[95%CI(0.831,0.978),P<0.001)、0.845[95%CI(0.734,0.956),P<0.001]。结论CAA患者术前合并SIRS、高WBC、高NLR、低ALB会增加腹腔镜阑尾切除术后并发POI的风险,WBC、NLR、ALB对CAA患者腹腔镜阑尾切除术后并发POI具有较高的预测价值。

大承气汤联合皮内针治疗胃、十二指肠穿孔修补术后肠麻痹临床观察

目的观察大承气汤灌肠联合皮内针用于胃、十二指肠溃疡穿孔术后肠麻痹(POI)的疗效及对炎症因子和胃肠激素的影响。方法将60例胃、十二指肠溃疡穿孔术后POI患者随机分为两组。对照组采用常规术后康复联合皮内针治疗;观察组在对照组治疗基础上给予大承气汤灌肠治疗,疗程3 d。记录肛门首次排气、排便时间,肠鸣音恢复时间和正常进食时间,治疗前后进行湿热壅滞证评分和术后胃肠动力评分;记录腹胀、腹痛和恶心、呕吐消失时间。检测治疗前后血清胃动素(MTL)、胃泌素(GAS)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、IL-6水平。进行安全性评价。结果治疗后,观察组首次排气、排便时间,肠鸣音恢复时间、正常进食时间及腹胀、腹痛和恶心、呕吐消失时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组湿热壅滞证评分低于对照组(P<0.05),术后胃肠动力评分高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组TNF-α、CRP、IL-1、IL-6、VIP水平低于对照组(P<0.05),MTL、GAS水平高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组总有效率93.33%,高于对照组的63.33%(P<0.05)。结论大承气汤灌肠联合皮内针用于胃、十二指肠溃疡穿孔术后POI,能调节胃肠激素,抑制过度的肠道炎症反应,促进胃肠动力恢复,加速症状、体征的消失,缩短病程,提高临床治疗效果,促进患者术后的康复。

Increased postoperative complications after protective ileostomy closure delay: An institutional study

AIM: To study the morbidity and complications as-sociated to ileostomy reversal in colorectal surgery pa-tients, and if these are related to the time of closure. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 93 patients, who had undergone elective ileostomy closure between 2009 and 2013 was performed. Demographic, clinical and surgical variables were reviewed for analysis. All complications were recorded, and classified according to the Clavien-Dindo Classification. Statistical univariate and multivariate analysis was performed, setting a P value of 0.05 for significance.RESULTS: The patients had a mean age of 60.3 years, 58% male. The main procedure for ileostomy cre-ation was rectal cancer(56%), and 37% had received preoperative chemo-radiotherapy. The average delay from creation to closure of the ileostomy was 10.3 mo. Postoperative complications occurred in 40% of the pa-tients, with 1% mortality. The most frequent were ileus(13%) and wound infection(13%). Pseudomembra-nous colitis appeared in 4%. Increased postoperative complications were associated with delay in ileostomyclosure(P = 0.041). Male patients had more complica-tions(P = 0.042), mainly wound infections(P = 0.007). Pseudomembranous colitis was also associated with the delay in ileostomy closure(P = 0.003). End-to-end in-testinal anastomosis without resection was significantly associated with postoperative ileus(P = 0.037). CONCLUSION: Although closure of a protective il-eostomy is a fairly common surgical procedure, it has a high rate of complications, and this must be taken into account when the indication is made. The delay in stoma closure can increase the rate of complications in general, and specifically wound infections and colitis.

新型炎症评分系统与胃癌延迟性术后肠麻痹的关系及预测模型构建

目的分析胃癌延迟性术后肠麻痹(PPOI)与炎症反应标志物的关系并构建新型炎症评分系统,结合其他临床危险因素构建Nomogram预测模型。方法选取2019年1月—2021年8月在南昌大学第二附属医院行根治术的299例胃癌患者。分为训练集199例与验证集100例。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析胃癌患者PPOI发生的危险因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值(LMR)及C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值(CAR)4种炎症反应标志物并获取最佳截断值。根据最佳截断值构建新型炎症评分系统。将独立危险因素作为构建Nomogram模型的预测指标并在训练集与验证集数据中进行效能验证。结果训练集和验证集中无PPOI和PPOI患者的年龄、ASA分级、CCI、肿瘤大小、TNM分期、手术方式、NLR、PLR、LMR及CAR比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。NLR、PLR、LMR及CAR的敏感性分别为78.43%、86.27%、68.63%和76.47%,特异性分别为69.59%、61.49%、79.73%和73.65%,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.775、0.776、0.778和0.808,最佳截断值分别为>2.8、>113.71、≤3.68、>0.28。年龄≥65岁[O^R=4.102(95%CI:1.042,16.149)]、ASA分级Ⅲ、Ⅳ级[O^R=3.061(95%CI:0.885,10.586)]、TNM分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期[O^R=3.825(95%CI:2.698,6.033)]、开放式手术[O^R=4.063(95%CI:3.263,8.268)]、NLR≥2.67[O^R=2.171(95%CI:1.368,3.445)]及CAR≥0.28[O^R=1.028(95%CI:1.011,1.046)]是胃癌患者术后PPOI发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。训练组校正曲线分析显示一致性指数(C-index)为0.892,ROC曲线分析结果显示AUC为0.889,当预测PPOI发生风险阈值>0.185时,Nomogram模型提供显著的临床净收益;验证组校正曲线分析显示C-index为0.817,AUC为0.806,当预测PPOI发生风险阈值>0.056时,Nomogram模型提供显著的临床净收益。结论基于NLR-CAR评分构建的Nomogram预测模型能有效地对胃癌患者PPOI发生风险机进行早期识别,为医护人员采取适当干预措施提供理论依据。

胃肠道术后延迟性肠麻痹研究进展

延迟性术后肠麻痹(PPOI)常发生在腹部手术后,不仅造成病人术后恢复时间和住院时间的延长,也是病人经济负担加重和医疗资源浪费的主要原因之一,目前仍是外科领域常见并发症之一。由于其特殊的临床表现以及缺乏公认的治疗方法和预防措施而受到学者们越来越密切的关注。本文对目前已提出的PPOI相关机制、PPOI的辅助诊断方法以及对PPOI显示出一定疗效的治疗手段进行综述。

预防结直肠癌术后肠梗阻临床实践指南的质量评价与内容分析

目的:对预防结直肠癌术后肠梗阻临床实践指南进行质量评价及内容分析,为我国预防结直肠癌术后肠梗阻的实践提供参考。方法:检索苏格兰院际指南网、国际指南协作网、新西兰指南工作组等指南网站,检索促进术后恢复学会、美国结肠和直肠外科医师学会、美国胃肠病学会等肠梗阻相关网站,检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台等数据库发布的结直肠癌术后肠梗阻相关指南,检索时限为2011年1月1日—2021年12月1日。由2名研究者独立对文献进行筛选和资料提取,采用临床指南与评价系统Ⅱ(AGREEⅡ)对指南进行评价,汇总分析预防结直肠癌术后肠梗阻的推荐内容。结果:共纳入相关指南5篇,纳入指南的总体质量评价为2篇A级、3篇B级。AGREEⅡ中6个领域平均标准化得分分别为范围和目的85.55%、参与人员67.78%、严谨性70.00%、清晰性86.67%、应用性53.33%、独立性78.33%。通过内容分析,最终出两大主题、29条推荐意见。结论:纳入的5篇指南总体质量一般,评价分析后得到的预防结直肠癌术后肠梗阻的部分推荐意见内容宽泛,需要不同程度的完善。

经鼻肠梗阻导管联合大承气汤治疗术后早期气虚血瘀型炎性肠梗阻的临床疗效研究

目的 探讨经鼻肠梗阻导管联合大承气汤对术后早期气虚血瘀型炎性肠梗阻的临床疗效。方法 选择2020年1月至2022年6月湖南中医药大学第一附属医院普外微创胃肠外科符合本研究纳入标准的肠梗阻患者24例。将患者随机分为实验组(12例)和对照组(12例)。两组均在诊断明确且观察48 h仍未好转后,置入经鼻肠梗阻导管。对照组予以常规治疗,实验组在对照组治疗基础上联合大承气汤治疗。比较两组患者腹胀及腹痛症状出现缓解的时间、胃肠液引流量开始减少的时间、肛门或造口排气及排便恢复时间、腹部平片液平面消失时间、导管拔除时间和平均住院时间;每3天复查1次血清学指标;并比较两组患者在治疗后炎症指标以及总有效率。结果 对照组患者平均腹胀及腹痛症状出现缓解的时间、胃肠液引流量开始减少的时间、排气及排便恢复时间、腹部平片液平面消失时间、导管拔除时间、平均住院时间普遍长于实验组(P<0.05);实验组患者白细胞(white blood cell, WBC)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein, CRP)、降钙素原(procalcitonin, PCT)炎性指标较对照组明显下降(P<0.05);实验组总有效率比对照组高(P<0.05)。结论 经鼻肠梗阻导管联合大承气汤对术后早期气虚血瘀型炎性肠梗阻腹胀、腹痛及排气、排便有明显的改善作用,治疗后炎症指标明显下降,总有效率较单一使用经鼻肠梗阻导管高。

黄芪多糖通过PI3K-Akt信号通路对大鼠术后肠梗阻的改善作用

目的 探究黄芪多糖通过磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, PI3K)-蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路对大鼠术后肠梗阻的改善作用。方法 将36只SD健康雄性大鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、黄芪多糖组,每组各12只。其中模型组与黄芪多糖组,进行术后肠梗阻造模。造模成功后,黄芪多糖组进行黄芪多糖灌胃,400 mg/d,连续7 d。正常组与模型组给予等量无菌生理盐水,进行灌胃。HE染色处理后,以酶联免疫法检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白介素-10(Interleukin-10,IL-10)水平,并测定PI3K、Akt及磷酸化蛋白激酶B(Phosphorylation of Akt, P-Akt)蛋白表达。结果 HE染色观察下,正常组小肠结构排列较为整齐,无明显的变化;模型组小肠结构破坏严重,且出现坏死及脱落,杯状细胞较少见;黄芪多糖组小肠结构破坏程度降低,坏死程度较轻,杯状细胞存在。与正常组比较,模型组、黄芪多糖组病理损伤、肉眼损伤评分均升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组比较,黄芪多糖组病理损伤、肉眼损伤评分均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与正常组比较,模型组、黄芪多糖组TNF-α、IL-10水平均升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组比较,黄芪多糖组TNF-α、IL-10水平均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与正常组比较,模型组、黄芪多糖组PI3K、Akt及P-Akt表达均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组比较,黄芪多糖组PI3K、Akt及P-Akt表达均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 黄芪多糖调节PI3K-Akt信号通路,在术后肠梗阻大鼠中具有明显的改善作用,并能够降低大鼠的炎症程度,抑制氧化应激反应。

延迟性术后肠梗阻的围手术期影响因素分析

目的 探讨腹部手术患者发生延迟性术后肠梗阻的影响因素。方法 采用巢式病例对照研究的方法,选取2022年9月-12月期间于兰州大学第二医院普通外科就诊并行腹部手术治疗的92例患者为研究对象,并以是否发生延迟性术后肠梗阻为结局,将患者分为病例组和对照组,探讨延迟性术后肠梗阻的风险因素。结果 92例行腹部手术的患者中有30例(32.61%)发生延迟性术后肠梗阻。单因素分析显示,住院时间、手术时间、手术部位、手术方式、术中总入量、术后是否使用镇痛泵及术后第1天的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、球蛋白浓度与延迟性术后肠梗阻的发生相关(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,术后使用镇痛泵(OR=18.676,P=0.025)是延迟性术后肠梗阻发生的独立危险因素。结论 术后使用镇痛泵是腹部手术后患者出现延迟性术后肠梗阻的主要危险因素。