Effect of anesthesia induction with butorphanol on postoperative nausea and vomiting:A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND Postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)are common complications that affect the recovery and well-being of elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal laparoscopic surgery.AIM To investigate the effect of butorphanol on PONV in this patient population.METHODS A total of 110 elderly patients(≥65 years old)who underwent gastrointestinal laparoscopic surgery were randomly assigned to receive butorphanol(40μg/kg)or sufentanil(0.3μg/kg)during anesthesia induction in a 1:1 ratio.The measured outcomes included the incidence of PONV at 48 h after surgery,intraoperative dose of propofol and remifentanil,Bruggrmann Comfort Scale score in the postanesthesia care unit(PACU),number of compressions for postoperative patientcontrolled intravenous analgesia(PCIA),and time to first flatulence after surgery.RESULTS The results revealed a noteworthy reduction in the occurrence of PONV at 24 h after surgery in the butorphanol group,when compared to the sufentanil group(T1:23.64%vs 5.45%,T2:43.64%vs 20.00%,P<0.05).However,no significant variations were observed between the two groups,in terms of the clinical characteristics,such as the PONV or motion sickness history,intraoperative and postoperative 48-h total infusion volume and hemodynamic parameters,intraoperative dose of propofol and remifentanil,number of postoperative PCIA compressions,time until the first occurrence of postoperative flatulence,and incidence of PONV at 48 h post-surgery(all,P>0.05).Furthermore,patients in the butorphanol group were more comfortable,when compared to patients in the sufentanil group in the PACU.CONCLUSION The present study revealed that butorphanol can be an efficacious substitute for sufentanil during anesthesia induction to diminish PONV within 24 h following gastrointestinal laparoscopic surgery in the elderly,simultaneously improving patient comfort in the PACU.

Palonosetron versus Ondansetron as Prophylaxis against Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are prevalent symptoms after laparoscopic surgeries with an incidence rate of (54% - 79%) in bariatric procedures. Despite its popularity, limited studies assessed the effect of antiemetics for PONV prophylaxis after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The aim of this trail is to compare the effectiveness of a single pre-induction intravenous dose of Palonosetron versus Ondansetron for prophylaxis of PONV, 24 hours after LSG. Subjects and Methods: This prospective randomized controlled double-blind parallel-group study was conducted from May till December 2019. Recruited patients were consented and randomized using a closed envelop method into two groups with fifty patients each. The total number of nausea and vomiting attacks in the 24 hours postoperatively was considered as a primary end point. The secondary end points were the frequency of nausea, retching and vomiting attacks in the 24 hours post-surgery. The severity of nausea was evaluated using a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: This RCT included 100 patients divided into 2 groups of 50 patients each. Patients received either 75 mcg Palonosetron (Group I) or Ondansetron 4 mg (group II). Group I had statistically significant fewer episodes of nausea, retching and vomiting in the first 4 hours (P = 0.022) and from 4 to 12 hours (P = 0.024) but not after 12 hours post LSG. Total episodes of nausea, retching and vomiting in 24 hours postoperative were significantly less in group I (P = 0.021). Conclusion: A single dose of intravenous 75 mcg Palonosetron is superior to Ondansetron 4 mg in preventing PONV for patients after LSG.

The selection rules of acupoints and meridians of traditional acupuncture for postoperative nausea and vomiting:a data mining-based literature study

Background:Postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)refers to a problem commonly occurring after surgery.Acupuncture is considered a critical complementary alternative therapy for PONV.The acupoints selection critically determines the efficacy of acupuncture,whereas the selection rules remain unclear.The objective of the present study was to delve into the principles of acupoints selection for PONV using data mining technology.Methods:The clinical trials assessing the acupuncture effect for PONV were searched with the use of computer in PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and Chinese Biomedical Database;the time span was confined as 2009–2019.The database of acupuncture prescriptions for PONV was built using Excel 2016;the description and association were analyzed by IBM SPSS modeler 18.Result:Eighty-three relevant literatures were screened out.The number of specific acupoints took up 72.5%of all acupoints;specific acupoints exhibited the frequency taking up 91.30%of the total frequency.As revealed from the result,Neiguan(PC 6),Zusanli(ST 36),Hegu(LI 4),and Zhongwan(CV 12)were most frequently applied,suggesting the tightest associations.Most acupoints were taken from the stomach meridian and pericardium meridian.The common acupoints were concentrated in the lower limbs,chest,as well as abdomen.Conclusion:Data mining acts as a feasible method to identify acupoints selection and compatibility characteristics.As suggested from our study,the acupoints selection for PONV prioritizes specific acupoints and related meridians.The selection and combination of acupoints comply with the theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Elective Hysterectomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Outcomes Trial of Aprepitant NK-1-Receptor Antagonist

Objectives: Current prophylactic interventions fail to completely eliminate postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) for a substantial number of patients. A new antiemetic (aprepitant) has been effective in preventing chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). We hypothesized that adding aprepitant to our current prophylactic regimen of dexamethasone and ondansetron would reduce the incidence of PONV in our elective hysterectomy population. Methods: 256 patients undergoing elective hysterectomy were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled trial. Subjects received either oral aprepitant 40 mg or oral placebo 30 minutes prior to induction of standardized anesthesia. The primary outcome was vomiting within the first 24 hours after surgery. Postoperative nausea, vomiting, and use of rescue antiemetics were documented over a 24 h period. Additionally, adverse events, hospitalization days, and readmissions for PONV were compared. Results: There was a trend towards reduction of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the aprepitant group. Nausea and vomiting were noted for 24% and 17% of women in the aprepitant group versus 38% and 29% of women in the Placebo group, respectively. Supplemental antiemetic medication was used by 42% of women in the aprepitant group versus 60% of women in the Placebo group. No adverse events were substantially more common in the aprepitant group than the Placebo group. Conclusions: Preemptive use of aprepitant prior to elective hysterectomy may reduce the incidence of PONV and diminish the need for rescue antiemetics postoperatively. Further studies with larger power are needed to confirm the trends observed in this study.

Intraoperative systemic vascular resistance is associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic hysterectomy

BACKGROUND The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy is very high compared with other surgeries,even when many prophylactic measures have been taken.However,the pathogenesis of PONV is multifactorial.Female sex,a history of motion sickness or PONV,nonsmokers,and perioperative opioid use are the most closely related factors.Among the multiple risk factors,suboptimal gastrointestinal(GI)perfusion may be attributed to some cases of PONV,and increased systemic vascular resistance(SVR)may lead to GI ischemia.The hypothesis of this research was that SVR is related to PONV.AIM To investigate the relationship between SVR and PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy.METHODS A total of 228 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic hysterectomy were included in this prospective observational study.SVR was monitored using a noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring system.Four indices of SVR,the baseline,mean,area under the curve(AUC),and weighted AUC,were used for analysis.The incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting were evaluated while patients were awake and throughout the intervals from 0 to 2 h,2 to 6 h,and 6 to 24 h starting upon arrival at the post-anesthesia care unit.The associations between various SVR indices and PONV were investigated by logistic regression.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS The incidence of PONV in the study was 56.14%(128/228),and PONV tended to appear within 6 h after surgery.Five variables were significant in univariate analyses,however,only SVR mean[odds ratio(OR)=1.015,95%CI:1.005-1.109,P=0.047]and duration of surgery(OR=1.316,95%CI:1.003-2.030,P=0.012)were associated with PONV after logistic regression analysis.Furthermore,patients with high SVR mean were more likely to suffer from PONV after laparoscopic hysterectomy.On average,patients who developed PONV needed more time to tolerate diet and demonstrated poorer sleep quality on the first night after surgery.CONCLUSION In this study,PONV was a common complication after laparoscopic hysterectomy.SVR was associated with PONV,and high SVR mean was associated with a significantly increased risk of PONV.

Acupuncture in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting:a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis

However,the best choice of acupuncture therapy for postoperative nausea and vomiting remains controversy.Methods:Several databases were searched from inception to April 2020.Randomized controlled trials met the criterion were included.Risk of bias was implemented with Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.Addis,R,OpenBUGS and STATA were used to conduct meta-analysis.The evidence was assessed by GRADE profiler 3.6.Results:Fifty studies involving 5980 patients were included.The risk of bias of most included studies were acceptable.The results of network meta-analyses indicated,compared with placebo,electroacupuncture was the best choice for postoperative nausea(odds ratio=0.09,95%confidence interval:0.02-0.51)and acupoint plaster for postoperative vomiting(odds ratio=0.07,95%confidence interval:0.01-0.42),acupoint catgut embedding+5HTRA for postoperative nausea and vomiting(odds ratio=0.05,95%confidence interval:0.01-0.15),and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation+5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonists for postoperative rescue antiemetics(odds ratio=0.14,95%confidence interval:0.08-0.46).Conclusion:It was suggested transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation+5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonists was the best choice.The results provided guidance for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Postoperative Nausea &Vomiting in Malawi

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting are common complications of anaesthesia and surgery. Known risk factors include motion sickness, migraine, gender and types of surgery. Other possible risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting are ethnicity and genetics surgery. Objective: The main objective of the study was to describe factors associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting among adult Malawians. Methods: This was a prospective observational study. 138 adult patients were recruited into the study. Data were collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Patients were followed up to 18 hours postoperatively and any episodes of postoperative nausea and vomiting were noted. Results: A total of 138 patients were enrolled in the study. 78 were female (56.5%) and 60 were males (43.5%). The ages ranged from 18 to 87 years. The mean age was 36.9 years. The overall incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was 29.6%. It was higher among women than men. Patients with motion sickness had the highest incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (78.6%) followed by those with migraine (73.3%). Patients whose intraoperative systolic blood pressure fell <80 mmHg had an incidence of 71.4% and those who received postoperative opioids had an incidence of 37.7%. Conclusions: Patients with a history of migraine, motion sickness, whose intraoperative blood pressures fall below a systolic of 80 mmHg and who receive postoperative opioids are at an increased risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Comparative study on effects of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery

Objective:To compare the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)in patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery.Methods:A total of 86 female patients were prospectively administered dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg i.v.(the group A,n=43),and dexamethasone 8 mg i.v.(the group B,n=43).The two groups were compared in treatment response,hemodynamic changes,and Numerical Analog Scale(NAS).Besides,the relation of PONV with patient baseline characteristics in the perioperative period was determined as well.Results:Patients in group A had lower PONV scores(t=3.1,P<0.002),less needs for rescue anti-emetics(χ2=0.47,P<0.001),and decreased intraoperative heart rate(t=9.72,P<0.001)and mean arterial pressure(t=7.58,P<0.001)compared to that of group B.Group A reported lower NAS than group B(t=2.66,P<0.001).In addition,we found no relationship between PONV score and rescue anti-emetic requirement,age,or body mass index(P=0.96,P=0.60,P=0.28,respectively).Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine could be used as an effective antiemetic in laparoscopic surgeries,with better efficacy than dexamethasone.Dexmedetomidine not only can reduce PONV but also is effective in postoperative analgesia.

Preoperative Concern about Nausea and Vomiting and Postoperative Use of Antiemetics among Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer-Related Surgery

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) can lead to complications and increased healthcare costs. We investigated whether patient preoperative concern about PONV is associated with postoperative antiemetic use, independently of Apfel score. Methods: Patients eligible for study were English- or Spanish-speaking women with breast cancer undergoing mastectomy, lumpectomy or reconstructive surgery as outpatients during July 2014-July 2017, when the pre-anesthesia clinic routinely screened for preoperative concern via tablet computer-based survey. Excluded were patients who did not rate their concern or lacked Apfel score. Risk factors for concern were evaluated in a multinomial model adjusted for multiple hypotheses. Using generalized linear regression, preoperative concern was tested for association with number of antiemetics administered in the postanesthesia care unit. Results:?Of preoperative surveys, 7.1% (58/812) were excluded for missing data, leaving n = 754 surveys contributed by n = 706 subjects (age 26 - 80 years). Patient preoperative concern ranged from none (32.8%), mild (30.2%), moderate (22.9%), severe (7.8%), to very severe (6.2%). Adjusted for age, concern was increased by history of motion sickness (Odds Ratio 1.51, 95% Confidence Interval 1.11 - 2.06) and history of PONV (9.02, 6.30 - 12.90) and decreased by prior surgery without PONV (0.35, 0.23 - 0.53) and Spanish as primary language (0.42, 0.25 - 0.68). Number of postoperative antiemetics, usually 1 (41.2%) or 2 (33.4%) drugs, was unassociated with preoperative concern before or after adjustment for Apfel score. Conclusions: Among women undergoing breast cancer-related surgery, preoperative concern about PONV varies by prior history of PONV and motion sickness and by ethnicity. However, preoperative concern is not associated with postoperative antiemetic medications.

The Addition of Midazolam Reduces the Incidence of Early Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Short Time Gynecological Procedures

Background: If untreated, one third of patients who undergo surgery develop postoperative nausea and/or vomiting (PONV). The prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting can improve satisfaction among vulnerable patients. We hypothesized that preoperative anxiety may increase the incidence of PONV. The objective was to assess whether administration of a benzodiazepine prior to surgery would reduce the incidence of PONV. Methods: 130 women (ASA I and II) scheduled to undergo dilatation and curettage comprised the study group. The women were allocated randomly to two study groups according to the type of anesthesia administered (with and without midazolam). Results: Sixty-eight women received midazolam and 62 did not. Patients treated with midazolam were feeling more comfortable (“friendliness”, p = 0.005 and “elation”, p = 0.01) and had less postoperative fatigue (p = 0.04) than non-midazolam-treated group. Patients treated with midazolam had significantly fewer emetic episodes during the first 4 hours after surgery than those without midazolam (0.1 ± 0.2 vs 0.3 ± 0.6, respectively, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Midazolam reduces the incidence of PONV and improves patient’s comfort. We suggest that midazolam has to be routinely included in the anesthesia protocol for short-term gynecological procedures (dilatation and curettage).

Association between operative position and postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is one of the most effective ways to treat morbid obesity,and postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)is one of the common complications after bariatric surgery.At present,the mechanism of the high incidence of PONV after weight-loss surgery has not been clearly explained,and this study aims to investigate the effect of surgical position on PONV in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.AIM To explore the effect of the operative position during bariatric surgery on PONV.METHODS Data from obese patients,who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG)in the authors’hospital between June 2020 and February 2022 were divided into 2 groups and retrospectively analyzed.Multivariable logistic regression analysis and the t-test were used to study the influence of operative position on PONV.RESULTS There were 15 cases of PONV in the supine split-leg group(incidence rate,50%)and 11 in the supine group(incidence rate,36.7%)(P=0.297).The mean operative duration in the supine split-leg group was 168.23±46.24 minutes and 140.60±32.256 minutes in the supine group(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed that operative position was not an independent risk factor for PONV(odds ratio=1.192,95%confidence interval:0.376-3.778,P=0.766).CONCLUSION Operative position during LSG may affect PONV;however,the difference in the incidence of PONV was not statistically significant.Operative position should be carefully considered for obese patients before surgery.

托烷司琼预处理配合丙泊酚全身麻醉对预防PONV的价值

目的观察托烷司琼预处理配合丙泊酚全身麻醉对预防术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的应用价值。方法采用前瞻性研究,纳入融通集团信阳154医院在2021年6月—2022年12月期间收治的接受腹腔镜手术治疗的122例患者,所有患者均实施含丙泊酚的全身麻醉辅助手术,采用随机数字表法对入组患者进行分组,分别列为预处理组(61例)和常规组(61例),常规组术后予以常规止吐,预处理组采用托烷司琼预处理,比较两组患者术后6 h、术后12 h、术后24 h及术后48 h等不同时间点的PONV发生率、呕吐症状改善情况,麻醉苏醒后的疼痛、镇静情况,以及术后48 h内的麻醉相关不良反应发生情况。结果预处理组术后6 h的PONV发生率为3.28%(2/61),术后12 h的PONV发生率为4.92%(3/61),术后24 h的PONV发生率为3.28%(2/61),术后48 h的PONV发生率为0.00%(0/61),均低于常规组[16.39%(10/61)、18.03%(11/61)、16.39%(10/61)、13.11%(8/61)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。预处理组术后6 h的恶心呕吐干呕症状评估量表(INVR)评分为(20.15±5.41)分,术后12 h的INVR评分为(17.66±4.42)分,术后24 h的INVR评分为(13.29±4.17)分,术后48 h的INVR评分为(10.22±3.35)分,均低于常规组[(23.32±5.13)分、(20.12±4.35)分、(16.33±4.24)分、(12.75±3.06)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。预处理组苏醒后的视觉模拟疼痛量表(VAS)评分为(4.04±1.06)分,Ramsay镇静评分为(3.11±0.25)分,与常规组[(3.87±0.25)分、(3.06±0.35)分]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后48 h内,预处理组的麻醉相关不良反应发生率为9.84%(6/61),与常规组8.20%(5/61)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论托烷司琼预处理辅助含丙泊酚腔镜全身麻醉腹手术可有效降低PONV发生风险并改善患者PONV相关症状,联合应用此药未对麻醉镇静、镇痛效果产生明显影响,且未明显增加术后麻醉相关不良反应发生风险,安全性较高。

PONV风险因素评估量表在预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心、呕吐中的应用效果

目的探究术后恶心呕吐(PONV)风险因素评估量表在预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心、呕吐中的应用价值。方法选取84例妇科腹腔镜手术患者,按照随机单盲法分为对照组(40例)与观察组(44例)。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上应用PONV风险因素评估量表。对比两组术后恶心、呕吐发生情况及临床治疗指标。结果观察组患者轻度和中、重度恶心、呕吐占比均低于对照组,无恶心、呕吐占比95.45%高于对照组的60.00%(P<0.05)。观察组术后首次排气时间、下床活动时间、切口愈合时间和住院时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论PONV风险因素评估量表在预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心、呕吐中的应用价值较高,值得临床推广与应用。

瑞马唑仑联合瑞芬太尼对老年眼科全麻患者术中循环功能及PONV的影响

目的探讨瑞马唑仑联合瑞芬太尼对老年眼科全麻患者术中循环功能和术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的影响。方法将济南市第二人民医院2021年4月至2022年7月接收的老年全麻手术患者94例进行随机对照试验,随机分为对照组与研究组,每组各47例。对照组男27例,女20例,年龄(67.89±7.58)岁,给予丙泊酚0.6~1.2 mg/kg麻醉诱导及4~10 mg·kg^(-1)•h^(-1) 维持;研究组男25例,女22例,年龄(68.18±7.82)岁,采用瑞马唑仑0.1~0.3 mg/kg麻醉诱导,给予瑞马唑仑0.8~1.2 mg·kg^(-1)•h^(-1) ,瑞芬太尼0.1~0.2μg·kg-1·min-1维持麻醉。比较两组患者麻醉诱导前(T_(0))、麻醉诱导成功(T_(1))、喉罩置入即刻(T_(2))、手术20 min(T3)监测患者的心脏指数(CI)、心输出量(CO)、平均动脉压(MAP)及血氧饱和度(SpO2);比较两组患者术后恶心(PON)、术后呕吐(POV)、PONV发生率及严重程度;对比两组患者麻醉苏醒指标(清醒时间、拔管时间与苏醒期间躁动)。统计学方法采用χ^(2)检验、t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验。结果研究组T_(1)、T_(2)、T3的CI均高于对照组同期[(2.89±0.43)min•m^(-2)比(2.64±0.41)min•m^(-2)、(2.71±0.37)min•m^(-2)比(2.54±0.33)min•m^(-2)、(2.85±0.40)min•m^(-2)比(2.60±0.38)min•m^(-2)];研究组T_(1)、T_(2)、T3的CO均高于对照组同期[(5.26±0.47)L/min比(4.92±0.43)L/min、(4.72±0.41)L/min比(4.46±0.38)L/min、(5.10±0.45)L/min比(4.78±0.40)L/min];研究组T_(2)的MAP高于对照组同期[(75.50±6.73)mmHg比(72.14±6.25)mmHg,t=2.508,P<0.05];研究组T_(2)、T3的SpO2均高于对照组同期,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.699、2.209,均P<0.05);研究组术后48 h内PON、POV及PONV发生率均低于对照组(χ^(2)=4.065、4.821、5.317,均P<0.05);研究组术后6 h的PON及POV严重程度评分均低于对照组同期(Z=2.403、2.354,均P<0.05);研究组术后12 h的PON及POV严重程度评分均低于对照组同期(Z=2.136、2.081,均P<0.05);研究组清醒时间、拔管时间均长于对照组[(20.40±3.98)min比(13.62±2.84)min,(23.25±4.15)min比(15.17±3.32)min,t=8.922、10.423,均P<0.05)]。结论与丙泊酚麻醉诱导与维持比较,瑞马唑仑联合瑞芬太尼应用老年眼科全麻手术患者,术中CI、CO、MAP、SpO2相对平稳,PONV发生率及严重程度更低,不足之处是苏醒时间与拔管时间相对较长。

温针配合穴位贴敷及药物干预乳腺癌化疗相关性恶心呕吐的临床研究

目的观察温针配合穴位贴敷及药物干预乳腺癌化疗相关性恶心呕吐(chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting,CINV)的临床疗效。方法将110例乳腺癌术后辅助化疗患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组55例。对照组于化疗前30 min接受静脉滴注注射用盐酸托烷司琼治疗,观察组在对照组基础上于化疗前1 d接受温针配合穴位贴敷治疗。观察两组化疗前后不同时间点恶心、呕吐反应症状评分及血清5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)水平的变化情况,并比较两组CINV发生率。结果观察组CINV发生率为34.5%,明显低于对照组的56.4%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组化疗后第3 d恶心、呕吐反应症状评分均较同组化疗前显著上升,化疗后第5、7 d恶心、呕吐反应症状评分均较同组化疗第3 d显著下降,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组化疗后第3、5、7 d恶心、呕吐反应症状评分均明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组化疗后第7 d血清5-HT水平均较同组化疗前显著上升(P<0.05)。观察组化疗后第7 d血清5-HT水平明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论温针配合穴位贴敷及药物干预能降低乳腺癌CINV的发生率,有助于缓解恶心、呕吐症状,其机制可能与降低5-HT水平有关。

日间手术麻醉规范化管理策略

日间手术具有床位周转快、患者满意度高、医疗费用少、院内感染率低等优势,是目前国内外大力探索和发展的一种手术模式。安全是日间手术开展的底线,舒适是日间手术的核心追求,二者的保障均离不开对高质量的围术期麻醉管理。因此,在快速周转的日间手术模式下,本文就如何实施规范化的麻醉管理策略,分别从日间手术麻醉临床路径的制定、硬件设施以及人员的配备,麻醉术前评估与术前准备,麻醉方式的选择,围术期疼痛管理,术后恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)管理,麻醉后监测治疗,术后随访几方面加以阐述。

小剂量艾司氯胺酮对正颌手术患者术后恶心、呕吐发生情况及严重程度的影响

目的 探讨小剂量艾司氯胺酮对正颌手术患者术后恶心、呕吐发生情况及严重程度的影响。方法 选取2023年1—7月首都医科大学附属北京口腔医院收治的75例择期进行正颌手术的患者为研究对象,在组间基线特征可比的原则上,采用随机数字表法分成对照组[切皮前静脉输注0.25 mg/(kg·h)生理盐水,38例]和观察组[切皮前静脉输注0.25 mg/(kg·h)艾司氯胺酮,37例]。比较分析两组患者术后48 h的恶心、呕吐发生率以及严重程度。比较分析两组患者的围手术期麻醉药物用量以及术后24 h的躁动、疼痛情况。结果 观察组患者术后48 h的恶心、呕吐发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后48 h的中重度恶心、呕吐发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者围手术期的瑞芬太尼用量、丙泊酚用量以及术后24 h的躁动发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者术后24 h的视觉模拟评分法评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 小剂量艾司氯胺酮可降低正颌手术患者术后的恶心、呕吐发生率,减轻术后恶心、呕吐的严重程度,且可显著缓解患者的术后疼痛,值得临床应用。

Pre-induction dexamethasone does not decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting after microvascular decompression for facial spasm

complications in neurosurgical patients consequent to elevated intracranial and arterial pressure.1 Dexamethasone （Dex） was applauded to reduce the incidence of PONV,2 but some literatures showed dexamethasone did not reduce the incidence of PONV.1＇3 The aim of this study was to determine whether a single-dose of dexamethasone before induction of general anesthesia would affect PONV after MVD for facial spasm.

经皮穴位电刺激手环行内关穴刺激对全麻甲状腺切除术后恶心呕吐的影响

目的 探讨围术期采用经皮穴位电刺激手环行内关穴刺激对全麻甲状腺切除术后恶心呕吐的影响。方法 选择择期在全麻下行甲状腺切除术的女性患者72例,年龄18~50岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用可变区组随机化将患者1∶1随机分配入两组:电刺激组和对照组,每组36例。两组患者均在麻醉诱导前佩戴国产经皮穴位电刺激手环,电极对准内关穴。电刺激组开机刺激内关穴,调整强度使患者感觉手部关联区域有麻刺感且可耐受,固定手环后关机;手术结束时立即打开手环,给予麻醉诱导前确定的刺激强度,持续佩戴24 h。对照组同样佩戴24 h,但始终不通电。记录术后24 h内术后恶心呕吐(PONV)例数及止吐药物的使用情况。结果 与对照组比较,电刺激组术后24 h内PONV发生率、术后呕吐发生率明显降低(P<0.05),且差异主要出现在术后1~6 h(P<0.05)。两组不同时间段止吐药物补救率差异无统计学意义。结论 采用穿戴式手环行经皮内关穴电刺激可以有效降低甲状腺切除术后24 h内PONV发生率。

6种方法预防低危患者术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的成本效果分析(英文)

目的比较6种方法预防相对低危患者在腹腔镜胆囊切除术后发生恶心呕吐的成本和效果。方法180名择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术并符合入选标准的男性患者，随机分为6组。组1接受异丙酚靶控输注（target—controlledinfusion，11CI）＋5mg托烷司琼；组2接受异丙酚TCI＋10mg地塞米松和1．25mg氟派利多；组3接受异丙酚TCI＋生理盐水；组4接受七氟醚＋5mg托烷司琼；组5接受七氟醚＋10mg地塞米松和1．25mg氟派利多；组6接受七氟醚＋生理盐水。研究终点是术后24h内恶心呕吐发生的次数，采用盲法记录。结果各组患者的一般情况、麻醉时间、手术时间、拔管时间和术后24h的痛觉模拟评分差异均无统计学意义。组2术后恶心呕吐的发生率显著低于组3（P=0．03），组5显著低于组6（P=0．01）。接受托烷司琼和异丙酚或七氟醚发生术后恶心呕吐的相对危险度分别为0．51或0．68；接受地塞米松联合氟哌利多和异丙酚或七氟醚发生术后恶心呕吐的相对危险度分别为0．40或0．39；相对于七氟醚，接受异丙酚麻醉发生术后恶心呕吐的相对危险度是0．80。1～6组每分钟的费用一效果比分别为1．07、0．88、1．14、1．05、0．74和1．06。结论异丙酚、托烷司琼、地塞米松和氟哌利多发生术后恶心呕吐的相对危险度不同。6种干预措施中，七氟醚结合地塞米松和氟哌利多具有最低的每分钟费用一效果比。