The Conditions of Releasing Potassium by a Silicate- dissolving Bacterial Strain NBT

The potassium-releasing characteristics of a bacterium from different minerals were studied through pure culture and soil column experiments. The results showed that the strain NBT of tested strains had the highest potassium-releasing capacity. It released 35.2 mg/L after 7days of pure culture incubation at 28@, 31.8% - 1203.7% more than other tested strains. Potassium released from the minerals was obviously affected by pH, aerobic condition, soil and mineral properties. The strain NBT had a much higher potential to release potassium in the pH 6.5-8.0 than other pHs. Living cell inoculation resulted in an increase of 84.8% -127.9% compared with that of the dead cell inoculation. More aerobic condition produced more K than a less aerobic one. The potassium-releasing order was as follows: illite>feldspar>muscovite. Soil column experiment showed that the bacterial number increased from (2.6 - 3.0) × 106/g to (6.8 - 7.4) × 107/g. Soil available potassium content increased by 31.2 - 33.6mg/kg in yellow-brown soil and 21.7mg/kg in paddy soil, when inoculated with the strain NBT, 290.6% and 185.5% increment of the dead cell inoculation soils respectively.

Solubilization of potassium containing minerals by high temperature resistant Streptomyces sp.isolated from earthworm's gut

A potassium solubilizing bacterial strain des- ignated EGT, which is tolerant of high temperature, was isolated from an earthworm＇s gut to obtain a bacterium that can weather potassium-bearing rock effectively through solid-state fermentation. Molecular phylogeny and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated the bacterial strain was a member of the Streptomyces genus. To assess its potential to release potassium from silicate minerals, this strain was used to degrade potassium-bearing rock powder by solid-state fermentation. After fermentation, the amount of water-soluble A1, Fe and K of the substrate with active inoculum was higher than those of the control, which had autoclaved inoculum, and those of the fresh substrate. The result indicated that the strain had the ability to weather potassium-bearing rock and could be used as an inoculum in the production of potassium bio-fertilizer, due to its potassium release activity from rock and tolerance to high temperature.

Isolation and Identification of Potassium Releasing Bacteria from Sugarcane Rhizosphere Soil and Optimization of Fermentation Condition

[Objectives]To isolate and optimize the potassium releasing bacteria from sugarcane rhizosphere soil in Baitu Town,Gaoyao District,Zhaoqing City,Guangdong Province,and then evaluate their potassium-releasing ability,and optimize the fermentation conditions of the strains with the best potassium-releasing ability,so as to provide a scientific basis for the development and production of potassium releasing bacteria fertilizer.[Methods]Potassium-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from sugarcane rhizosphere soil using potassium-feldspar powder as the potassium source of isolation medium by dilution coating method and plate streaking method.The isolated strains were identified by 16s rRNA sequence analysis.The potassium-releasing ability of each strain was determined by sodium tetraphenylborate(STPB)method,and the strain GK-37 with the optimal potassium-releasing ability was selected.The fermentation conditions of GK-37 strain were further optimized,and the effects of different carbon sources on its growth were mainly investigated.[Results]Seven strains of potassium-solubilizing bacteria were isolated and purified,and identified by 16s rRNA.They belonged to Pseudomonas knackmussii,Pseudomonas,Pseudomonas insulaes and Caballeronia zhejiangensis.Among the tested strains,strain GK-37 had the best potassium-releasing ability,and its potassium-releasing capacity was 26.99 mg/L.By optimizing the fermentation conditions of GK-37 strain,it was found that when the fermentation medium was sucrose as carbon source,the growth of the strain was the best.[Conclusions]In this study,the potassium releasing bacteria were successfully isolated and identified from the rhizosphere soil of sugarcane,and the strain GK-37 had high potassium-releasing ability.Through the optimization of fermentation conditions of GK-37 strain,sucrose was determined as the optimal carbon source.This study is expected to provide a valuable reference for the further development and production of potassium releasing bacteria fertilizer.

Contribution of Biofertiliser (<i>Frateuria auranta</i>) in an Integrated Potassium Management Package on Growth of Apple Banana

Bananas demand high amounts of potassium for optimal growth and productivity, yet deficiencies are widespread amid the low input production strategy of smallholder farmers in Uganda. Of the potassium pool in the soil, 90% - 98% is unavailable for plant uptake. Judicious application of fertilisers is required to alleviate soil fertility problems complemented with manures and biofertilisers in an integrated nutrient management (INM) package. Biofertilisers such as potassium solubilising bacteria (KSB) have potential to solubilise unavailable forms of K in soil to forms that are readily absorbed by the plants. However, the added value of each component in this integrated K management package in apple bananas is not known. Therefore, an experiment was set up to quantify the relative contribution of mineral K, manure and KSB on the growth of apple bananas. Potted tissue culture plantlets of apple banana (cv. Sukali ndiizi) were used. The treatments comprised of a full factorial combination of mineral fertiliser (Muriate of potash, 60% K2O), animal manure and KSB (Frateuria auranta). The manure and muriate of potash were applied to supply a total of 150 kg⋅K⋅ha−. Soil microbiological assays were run to evaluate the contribution of indigenous microbial K solubilising activity in the soil to the experimental INM package. Data on pseudostem height, girth at collar and 30-cm height, leaf length and width at the widest point were collected once a week for 24 weeks. Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Frateuria were present as indigenous KSBs in the soil. The biofertiliser applied as F. auranta solubilised 7.4 mg⋅K⋅l−1 (6.2 mg⋅K⋅kg−1) from soil minerals. The integrated K management package significantly (p < 0.001) increased the above ground biomass and leaf area of potted apple bananas by up to 57.5% compared to no input. The Study recommends an economic analysis study to determine the integrated K management package that would suit the resource constrained smallholder farmers.

一株高效解钾菌的筛选、鉴定及培养条件的优化

以黑土水稻田中解钾菌为研究目标,共分离筛选出5株解钾菌,通过其形态特征以及测定菌株解钾能力筛选出1株高效解钾菌株S1。利用16S rDNA鉴定S1的种属,并通过单因素试验和正交试验优化该菌株的培养条件。结果表明,分离筛选得到的5株解钾菌均能有效分解钾长石,菌株S1解钾能力最强,解钾率为57.03%,发酵液中解钾量为3.852 mg/L,为最优解钾菌。初步鉴定解钾菌S1为伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia ambifaria)。经单因素试验和正交试验优化后的培养组分为碳源1.0%甘露醇、氮源1.0%蛋白胨、无机盐0.5%K_(2)HPO_(4),培养条件为温度30℃、时间48 h、培养基装液量(培养瓶250 mL)80 mL、初始pH 6.5、接种量5.0%。

青海野生中国沙棘根际解钾菌的分离、鉴定及其促生能力比较

【目的】从青海野生中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides subsp.sinensis)根际土中筛选出具有解钾能力的菌株,并比较其促生能力,为高原地区高效生物菌肥的研发提供依据。【方法】利用纯化培养方法从中国沙棘根际土中分离解钾菌;通过形态观察、生理生化检测及16S rDNA序列比对鉴定菌株;对解钾菌的解有机磷、解无机磷、解钾、降解纤维素的能力进行测定;将解钾菌接种于空心菜幼苗以验证其促生效果。【结果】K15、K50和K65三株解钾菌均为乙酸钙不动杆菌(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)。培养3 d后,3株解钾菌溶解有机磷的浑浊圈直径为3.75~7.13 mm,解有机磷菌液中磷的质量浓度为5.12~11.33μg·mL^(-1);溶解无机磷的透明圈直径为3.25~5.31 mm,解无机磷菌液中磷的质量浓度为3.39~6.63μg·mL^(-1);解钾的黄色光圈直径为17.53~25.17 mm,解钾菌液中K^(+)质量浓度为4.87~7.15μg·mL^(-1);降解纤维素的透明圈直径为8.37~12.07 mm。3株解钾菌均可提高空心菜种子的萌芽率(表现为K65>K50>K15)。施用解钾菌菌液可提高空心菜幼苗的生长发育速度(表现为K65>K50>K15)。其中,K65对幼苗的促生作用最显著,K65处理的幼苗鲜质量达到0.24 g,比CK提高33.3%。【结论】3株解钾菌均具有解有机磷、解无机磷、解钾、降解纤维素的能力;施用解钾菌菌液后空心菜幼苗的生长状况均得到一定程度的改善,种子发芽率显著提高,其中,K50和K65的促生效果均比K15好。

乳酸菌剂结合碳酸钾优化赤霞珠葡萄酒降酸工艺研究

本文以降低赤霞珠葡萄酒的酸度为目的,探究赤霞珠葡萄酒以乳酸菌剂结合碳酸钾降酸工艺对葡萄酒中总酸含量以及感官品质的影响。经单因素实验和正交实验确定混合降酸最佳工艺条件:碳酸钾与乳酸菌剂总质量浓度1.5 g/L、碳酸钾与乳酸菌剂混合比例100∶1 g/g、反应时间7 d、反应温度26℃,在此条件下,赤霞珠葡萄酒的总酸含量为3.2054 g/kg,感官评分为88.7分。该研究为赤霞珠葡萄酒乳酸菌剂结合碳酸钾混合降酸提供理论依据。

解钾菌在促进烟草生长及提高抗逆性方面的应用研究进展

为推动农业向绿色可持续发展转型,进一步探讨解钾菌在现代农业中的应用,本研究综合分析了解钾菌的解钾机制及其在土壤改良和植物营养提升方面的作用。解钾菌是一类能够分解硅酸盐类原生矿物的微生物,其通过改变矿物质的表面结构,将土壤中的难溶性钾转化为植物可吸收的有效钾,对于改善土壤环境、提高土壤肥力具有重要的作用。在烟草生产中,解钾菌通过分解土壤中的硅铝酸盐矿物,释放出钾元素,优化烟草的生长条件,从而提高烟草产量和品质。在逆境条件下,解钾菌通过提高植物的养分吸收能力和调节植物内部的生理过程,来增强植物的抗逆性。研究旨在为烟草产业的持续健康发展提供更为有效的策略与方法。

厨余垃圾废液中解钾菌的筛选及液体菌肥制备

从厨余垃圾废液中筛选得到的一株高效解钾菌株LYBM04,解钾效率为65.67%,经16S rDNA确定其为胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)。LYBM04菌株在LB培养基和解钾菌复筛培养基具有相似的生长曲线,但在解钾菌复筛培养基中整体速度稍慢。通过正交试验,确定了LYBM04菌株可与解磷菌、固氮菌以2∶2∶1(V/V)比例、接种量5%的最优条件下,接入到厨余废液中,30℃好氧发酵40 h制备出液体微生物菌肥,其总磷、氨氮、总氮、总钾等营养成分经过检测,比厨余垃圾废液含量更高,对盆栽玉米的株高、根长、根重均有显著的促生作用,在液态微生物菌肥的开发与应用方面具有一定的应用前景。

秸秆堆肥还田对玉米根际土壤功能微生物数量的影响

秸秆堆肥还田改变土壤微生物群落结构,但对土壤功能微生物数量的影响尚不清晰。通过涂布平板计数法,研究0,2.5,5.0,7.5 t/hm^(2)秸秆堆肥翻埋还田和覆盖还田对玉米穗期和花粒期根际土壤解磷菌、解钾菌、自生固氮菌和联合固氮菌数量的影响。结果表明,除了7.5 t/hm^(2)秸秆堆肥翻埋还田外,秸秆堆肥还田显著提升了玉米穗期根际土壤功能微生物数量,而在花粒期呈现相反结果。7.5 t/hm^(2)秸秆堆肥还田对土壤功能微生物的影响与还田方式和玉米发育时期相关,且两种还田方式和玉米发育期的功能微生物数量变化相反。

烟草根际解钾菌的筛选与鉴定

以钾长石粉为唯一钾源的硅酸盐细菌选择性培养基,利用梯度稀释分离法和平板划线分离法对烟草根际土壤的细菌进行筛选。用火焰分光光度法测定培养液内的速效钾含量,以筛选出高效菌株。通过形态观察和16S rDNA序列分析对菌株进行种属鉴定,得到8个高效解钾菌。结果表明,变栖克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella variicola)、产气肠杆菌(Enterobacter aerogenes)、阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)、成团泛菌(Pantoea agglomerans)产生速效钾的能力较强。

云烟高端品牌植烟区根际土壤高效解钾菌的筛选

从云南石林,建水采取烟草根部土样,按10-4、10-5梯度稀释并涂布平板,在28℃培养条件下,从硅酸盐固体培养基上初步筛选得到77株解钾菌株,具有透明圈的65株。采用液体培养法(火焰分光光度计法)测定其解钾能力作进一步复筛,获得34株具有较高解钾能力的菌株,其有效钾活性为0.4～10.6 mg/L,同时采用高温筛选出一株耐70℃高温,且具有较好解钾能力的菌株K77,经初步鉴定为侧孢芽孢杆菌(Bacillus Lateraporus),该菌解钾活性达到10.6 mg/L。

土壤中解钾菌K02的筛选、鉴定及培养条件优化

解钾微生物是能够在土壤或纯培养条件下,将含钾矿物如长石、云母等不能被作物吸收利用的矿物态钾分解,并产生水溶性钾的微生物。利用以钾长石粉为唯一钾源的硅酸盐细菌选择性培养基,采用梯度稀释分离法平板划线对番茄土壤中的钾细菌进行筛选。利用原子吸收火焰分光光度法测定钾细菌培养液中可溶性钾的含量,筛选高效解钾菌株。通过形态观察和16S rDNA序列GenBank比对,同时利用clustalx和MEGA 4.0等相关软件构建系统进化树对解钾能力最强的菌株K02进行鉴定,初步鉴定该解钾菌为胶质类芽胞杆菌(Paenibacillus mucilaginosus);利用单因素试验法对K02菌株培养基组分及发酵条件进行优化,初步确定菌株K02最佳培养基组分以解钾复筛培养基为基础,其碳源、氮源及无机盐以可溶性淀粉1%、酵母膏0.2%、K2HPO40.05%为最佳;菌株K02最佳发酵条件:培养温度为30℃,培养时间为48 h,培养基装量为50 mL/250 mL,培养基初始pH值为7.5,接菌量为5%,这一结果为解钾菌肥的研制和生产提供参考。

根际解钾菌对烟草生长及钾素吸收的影响

选取前期从烟草根际筛选的4株烟草特异性解钾菌TK5、TK37、TK57和TK89菌株,考察这些菌株对烟草生长及钾素吸收的影响。结果表明,4株解钾菌对烟草生长及钾素吸收均有一定的促进作用,其中TK89菌株效果最佳,接种TK89的烟草植株其上部叶鲜重、中部叶鲜重、下部叶鲜重、根系鲜重、上部叶干重、中部叶干重、下部叶干重、根系干重、叶片含钾量及土壤速效钾含量分别较未施菌的烟草植株提高64.99%、27.16%、54.22%、54.70%、67.78%、27.56%、54.20%、50.81%、33.60%和15.79%,各项指标较对照差异均达显著水平,4株解钾菌对烟草根系生长及叶片含钾量均有显著促进作用。解钾菌可促进烟草对土壤钾素营养的吸收,促进烟草生长,提高烟叶含钾量。

一株具紫色土亲和性解钾菌的筛选及促生效应

解钾菌能改善土壤钾素有效性.为筛选具紫色土适应能力的土著解钾菌应用于专用微生物肥料,以实现替代钾肥的不当使用和提高钾素的利用率.本研究从重庆市北碚区紫色土中筛选出1株解钾菌(XD-K-2).结合菌体及菌落形态学特征、生理生化试验结果,以及基于16SrDNA的系统发育分析,该菌被鉴定为环状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus circulans sp.),并命名为B.circulans XD-K-2.测定其对钾长石的解钾能力,XD-K-2解钾量达到12.8 mg/L,与不接种对照相比,可溶性钾含量增加124%.小白菜促生试验表明,接种XD-K-2能显著促进小白菜的生长,在提高小白菜株高、总根长、地上部鲜/干质量等植物营养指标和紫色土可溶性钾素养分方面达到了施用钾肥的效果.综上,菌株XD-K-2是一株具紫色土高亲和性的解钾菌,可作为微生物钾肥研究候选菌株.

高锰酸钾与氯胺联用强化消毒技术试验研究

以总大肠菌群、细菌总数作为检测指标,以实验室配水为试验水样,观察了高锰酸钾和氯胺单独和联用灭活水中微生物的效果,探讨一种发挥高锰酸钾和氯胺优势的饮用水消毒方法。结果表明,高锰酸钾和氯胺联用对指示微生物灭活效果好于这两种消毒剂单独使用的效果。Berenbaum公式计算证实,高锰酸钾和氯胺联用在降低微生物指标上的作用均为协同作用。

一株高效解钾菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件的优化

为了寻求钾肥替代技术,从江西红壤中筛选到一株解钾效率为27.62%的高效解钾菌株G4,结合菌落形态特征、生理生化特性、16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus sp.);通过单因素试验与正交试验对G4的发酵条件进行优化,结果表明G4的最佳发酵条件为:麦芽糖1%(w/v)、蛋白胨0.2%(w/v)、磷酸氢二钾0.05%(w/v)、培养温度25℃、初始pH7.5、装液量80 ml/250 ml(250 ml三角瓶装液量为80 ml)、培养时间48 h、接种量7%。G4有较强的解钾能力,有望用于微生物肥料的开发。

山东地区钾矿物分解细菌的分离及生物学特性

不同土壤类型钾矿物分解细菌资源调查和高效稳定释钾、促生细菌的筛选鉴定有助于丰富微生物资源库,发掘和利用钾矿物分解细菌以及探究矿物生物风化机理等。作者采用以钾长石为唯一钾源的选择性细菌培养基,从山东地区不同土壤和不同植物根际土壤中分离纯化了23株生长势良好的钾矿物分解细菌,通过测定细菌代谢产物IAA和铁载体,研究其产生促生物质的能力,通过摇瓶试验筛选高效释钾菌株,采用16S rDNA限制性酶切多态性分析(amplified rDNA restriction analysis,ARDRA)方法研究了钾矿物分解细菌的遗传多样性,根据16S rDNA同源性对高效释钾菌株进行了鉴定。结果表明,供试菌株均产吲哚乙酸或其衍生物,43.5%的分离菌株产极高量铁载体。ARDRA结果表明供试菌株在60%相似性水平上可分为11个基因型,同一类型土壤上不同作物根际或不同类型土壤上同一作物根际的钾矿物分解细菌存在明显的遗传差异。摇瓶试验结果表明供试菌株中具有较显著释钾能力的菌株占17%,39%的供试菌株无释钾能力。筛选到2株高效释钾菌株AFM2、AC2,分别使溶液中钾含量增加了29.8%和25.4%。16S rDNA同源性分析表明菌株AC2、AHZ1与Bacillus mucilaginosus聚为一群,该群与包含菌株AZH4的Paenibacillus sp.中的种聚为一大发育分支,该分支在细菌分类地位上隶属于Firmicutes;菌株AFM2与Rhizobium sp.和Agrobacterium tumefaciens聚为另一大发育分支,该分支在细菌分类地位上隶属于Alphaproteobacteria。

硅酸盐细菌解钾作用机理的综合效应

硅酸盐细菌能释放土壤含钾硅酸盐矿物中的磷、钾、硅等元素 ,直接供给植物生长利用 ,同时亦具有固氮能力。这为挖掘土壤潜在肥力、发展可持续农业提供了一条新的思路。本文分析了硅酸盐细菌对钾长石、伊利石的解钾作用过程 ,细菌 矿物复合体的形成 ,细菌对矿物的溶蚀作用 ,矿物晶体结构与细菌的解钾作用关系 ,复合体微环境的变化对细菌解钾作用的影响以及细菌对K+ 的主动吸收等 ,从微生物矿物学的角度讨论了硅酸盐细菌对含钾硅酸盐矿物解钾作用的机理问题 ,提出了硅酸盐细菌解钾作用综合效应的看法 ,并就农业生产上的利用问题指出 ,应根据当地的土壤环境 ,选择适宜的生产菌种和吸附剂 ,并配合使用其它化学肥料和有机肥料。

硅酸盐细菌解钾兼拮抗活性菌株的筛选

从紫色土壤中分离筛选出具有解钾拮抗双重活性的硅酸盐细菌CS1和CS2 9菌株 .接菌处理 ,其水溶性钾分别增加 75 %和 6 5 % ,转化率达 0 .82 %和 0 .72 % .两株菌对革兰氏阳性的蜡样芽孢杆菌 ,金黄色葡萄球菌 ,藤黄八叠球菌等和革兰氏阴性的大肠杆菌均有较强的抑菌活性 .筛选菌株中 91.2 %具有解钾活性 ,但拮抗活性菌株只占总数的11.6 % ,表明二性状之间无相关关系 .表 4参