Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is colorless and alkaline with a pH of 10. It has been used in Japan and other international countries for decades. The Food and Drug Administration gave approval for it as a means of tre...Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is colorless and alkaline with a pH of 10. It has been used in Japan and other international countries for decades. The Food and Drug Administration gave approval for it as a means of treating hypersensitivity for individuals with chronic teeth pain. SDF is also used as a method to treat and arrest dental caries. SDF application is limited due to its negative esthetic effects, which is a black stain where the cavity was present on the tooth. Topical application of potassium iodide applied immediately after SDF has been shown in studies to reduce the color change caused by SDF. This study used topical application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and potassium iodide (KI) treatments on bovine teeth to determine if SDF and KI were efficacious in the treatment for carious lesions. The color change was detected by use of spectrophotometric analysis to determine L, a and b readings that demarcate light and color values following staining. The conclusion was made that the application of SDF followed directly by KI treatment produced L, a and b spectrophotometric values that indicated a significant reduction in teeth staining than the application of SDF alone. Therefore, this study supports the idea that SDF and KI can be used to treat carious lesions on bovine teeth while retaining surface enamel coloration.展开更多
Agricultural residues are important renewable biomass resources that have not received much research attention. Ginger stalk is a major agricultural waste in China.The extraction of cellulose from ginger stalk would c...Agricultural residues are important renewable biomass resources that have not received much research attention. Ginger stalk is a major agricultural waste in China.The extraction of cellulose from ginger stalk would convert this waste into a high value-added product and, simultaneously, contribute to environmental protection. This research studied the characteristics of cellulose extracted from ginger stalk by two different treatments:(i) potassium hydroxide(KOH) treatment and(ii) nitric acid-ethanol(NAE) treatment. The optimal condition for the KOH treatment was obtained, it was at 1∶30 solidto-liquid ratio(SLR) for 5 h extraction time with 14 wt% KOH. The optimal condition for the NAE treatment was as follows: 1∶40 SLR, 4 h extraction time, and a reaction temperature of 90℃. However, the cellulose obtained by NAE treatment was severely degraded than that by KOH treatment. The Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy analyses revealed that both treatments successfully dissolved the lignin and hemicellulose. Two treatments showed a higher cellulose yield, and the extracted cellulose had more crystal structure.展开更多
文摘Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is colorless and alkaline with a pH of 10. It has been used in Japan and other international countries for decades. The Food and Drug Administration gave approval for it as a means of treating hypersensitivity for individuals with chronic teeth pain. SDF is also used as a method to treat and arrest dental caries. SDF application is limited due to its negative esthetic effects, which is a black stain where the cavity was present on the tooth. Topical application of potassium iodide applied immediately after SDF has been shown in studies to reduce the color change caused by SDF. This study used topical application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and potassium iodide (KI) treatments on bovine teeth to determine if SDF and KI were efficacious in the treatment for carious lesions. The color change was detected by use of spectrophotometric analysis to determine L, a and b readings that demarcate light and color values following staining. The conclusion was made that the application of SDF followed directly by KI treatment produced L, a and b spectrophotometric values that indicated a significant reduction in teeth staining than the application of SDF alone. Therefore, this study supports the idea that SDF and KI can be used to treat carious lesions on bovine teeth while retaining surface enamel coloration.
基金financial support from the National Basic Research Program of China ( Grant No.2014CB460610 )National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.2157061214 and 21406126)Department of Education of Shandong Province (Grant No.J14LC11)
文摘Agricultural residues are important renewable biomass resources that have not received much research attention. Ginger stalk is a major agricultural waste in China.The extraction of cellulose from ginger stalk would convert this waste into a high value-added product and, simultaneously, contribute to environmental protection. This research studied the characteristics of cellulose extracted from ginger stalk by two different treatments:(i) potassium hydroxide(KOH) treatment and(ii) nitric acid-ethanol(NAE) treatment. The optimal condition for the KOH treatment was obtained, it was at 1∶30 solidto-liquid ratio(SLR) for 5 h extraction time with 14 wt% KOH. The optimal condition for the NAE treatment was as follows: 1∶40 SLR, 4 h extraction time, and a reaction temperature of 90℃. However, the cellulose obtained by NAE treatment was severely degraded than that by KOH treatment. The Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy analyses revealed that both treatments successfully dissolved the lignin and hemicellulose. Two treatments showed a higher cellulose yield, and the extracted cellulose had more crystal structure.
