The antifungal activity of chitosan on Fusarium sulphureum in relation to the inhibitory effect on dry rot of potato tuber was investigated. The results showed spore germination and mycelial growth of F. sulphureum we...The antifungal activity of chitosan on Fusarium sulphureum in relation to the inhibitory effect on dry rot of potato tuber was investigated. The results showed spore germination and mycelial growth of F. sulphureum were inhibited by chitosan treatment and the inhibitory effect was highly correlated with chitosan concentration used in this study. Morphological changes such as intertwisting hyphal, distortion, and swelling with excessive branching were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation further indicated the ultrastructural alterations of hyphae. These changes included abnormal distribution of cytoplasma, non-membraneous inclusion bodies assembling in cytoplasm, considerable thickening of the hyphal cellular walls, and very frequent septation with malformed septa. Application of chitosan at higher concentration caused serious damage to fungal hyphae, including cellular membrane disorganisation, cell wall disruption, and breaking of inner cytoplast. New hyphae (daughter hyphae) inside the collapsed hyphal cells was often detected in the cytoplasm of chitosan-treated hyphae. In vivo tests showed that chitosan treatment at 0.5 or 1% effectively controlled the dry rot of potato tuber inoculated with a spore suspension ofF. sulphureum. However, the chitosan treatment at 1% caused phytotoxicity to potato tuber. This study suggests that the use of chitosan could be a promising handling as a natural fungicide to partially substitute for the synthetic fungicides in potato tuber.展开更多
本实验针对马铃薯干腐病潜育期到发病期的诊断方法进行研究,利用时序高光谱对病害发生过程中的病症特征进行分析和提取,并基于时序性特征采用动态时间弯曲(dynamic time warping,DTW)聚类算法对时序关键点进行分析,即对发病期初始点进...本实验针对马铃薯干腐病潜育期到发病期的诊断方法进行研究,利用时序高光谱对病害发生过程中的病症特征进行分析和提取,并基于时序性特征采用动态时间弯曲(dynamic time warping,DTW)聚类算法对时序关键点进行分析,即对发病期初始点进行诊断。本研究在数据预处理中使用图像阈值分割算法提取动态感兴趣区域,利用概率密度比算法剔除病害光谱异常值,在对比病症的光谱与外观后,发现马铃薯干腐病的光谱具有非单调性特征,再基于该非单调性特征使用高斯核函数的主成分权重系数法进行光谱特征提取。最后基于病害特征,利用模糊聚类方法判定时序关键点,其结果正确率仅为66.7%;针对特征时序性再利用DTW聚类算法判定时序关键点,其结果正确率达94.4%。本实验研究表明基于DTW的时序高光谱诊断方法能对马铃薯干腐病发病期进行有效诊断。展开更多
基金supported by the Gansu Agricultural Bio-Technology Foundation, China (GNSW-2005-08)the R&D Special Funds for Public Welfare Indus-try (Agriculture) of Ministry of Agriculture of China(NYHYZX 07-6)
文摘The antifungal activity of chitosan on Fusarium sulphureum in relation to the inhibitory effect on dry rot of potato tuber was investigated. The results showed spore germination and mycelial growth of F. sulphureum were inhibited by chitosan treatment and the inhibitory effect was highly correlated with chitosan concentration used in this study. Morphological changes such as intertwisting hyphal, distortion, and swelling with excessive branching were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation further indicated the ultrastructural alterations of hyphae. These changes included abnormal distribution of cytoplasma, non-membraneous inclusion bodies assembling in cytoplasm, considerable thickening of the hyphal cellular walls, and very frequent septation with malformed septa. Application of chitosan at higher concentration caused serious damage to fungal hyphae, including cellular membrane disorganisation, cell wall disruption, and breaking of inner cytoplast. New hyphae (daughter hyphae) inside the collapsed hyphal cells was often detected in the cytoplasm of chitosan-treated hyphae. In vivo tests showed that chitosan treatment at 0.5 or 1% effectively controlled the dry rot of potato tuber inoculated with a spore suspension ofF. sulphureum. However, the chitosan treatment at 1% caused phytotoxicity to potato tuber. This study suggests that the use of chitosan could be a promising handling as a natural fungicide to partially substitute for the synthetic fungicides in potato tuber.
文摘本实验针对马铃薯干腐病潜育期到发病期的诊断方法进行研究,利用时序高光谱对病害发生过程中的病症特征进行分析和提取,并基于时序性特征采用动态时间弯曲(dynamic time warping,DTW)聚类算法对时序关键点进行分析,即对发病期初始点进行诊断。本研究在数据预处理中使用图像阈值分割算法提取动态感兴趣区域,利用概率密度比算法剔除病害光谱异常值,在对比病症的光谱与外观后,发现马铃薯干腐病的光谱具有非单调性特征,再基于该非单调性特征使用高斯核函数的主成分权重系数法进行光谱特征提取。最后基于病害特征,利用模糊聚类方法判定时序关键点,其结果正确率仅为66.7%;针对特征时序性再利用DTW聚类算法判定时序关键点,其结果正确率达94.4%。本实验研究表明基于DTW的时序高光谱诊断方法能对马铃薯干腐病发病期进行有效诊断。