Effects of Seeding Date and Density on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Millet : A Case Study of Wangu 098 Variety of Millet

[Objectives]To find out a suitable cultivation technique of Wangu 098 in Nanyang area,speed up the popularization,demonstration and application of Wangu 098,and provide a theoretical and practical basis for adjusting the planting structure and realizing the matching of improved varieties and methods.[Methods]The new self-bred millet variety Wangu 098 was used as the material,and the two-factor split zone experimental design was adopted.The effects of different sowing dates and densities on the yield,growth period and agronomic characters of millet were studied.[Results]The interaction of seeding date and density had a great effect on the yield and plant traits of millet.Millet yield was significantly and positively correlated with plant height,panicle length,single panicle weight,panicle grain weight and tiller number.[Conclusions]The reasonable combination of seeding date and density could give full play to the yield potential of millet.According to the experimental results and cultivation experience,the suitable seeding date of millet in Nanyang area is in the first and middle ten days of June,and the best density is about 750000 plants/ha.However,after June 30,the seeding millet did not tiller,so the density should be increased to more than 900000 plants/ha to obtain higher yield.In terms of cultivation and management,timely seeding,reasonable close planting,and coordination of vegetative growth and reproductive growth can make the plant tall and strong,panicle long and thick,and improve the yield of millet.

Evolutionary Fixed Potential Agronomic Traits in Polysomic Polyploidy Plants with Special Reference to Potato

It is commonly known that polyploidization has become one of major forces for a speciation and evolution, especially with evolutionary fixed potential agronomic traits in plants. Although several studies demonstrate that allopolyploid plants were successful in developing novel crops, autopolyploid ones are also more substantial and worth exploring. Obviously, autopolyploid development via sexual or asexual pathways can lead to advantages in biomass, changing process of development, and lots of benefits on coping with climate changes do not comprehend as a whole. This review shed light on 1) gaining gigantic effect and increasing phytochemical content;2) enhancing biotic and abiotic tolerance to adapt to climate change;3) changing in process of development;4) adapting ecology. Based on these benefits, this review provides breeders with several choices when they need in the breeding strategies. Also further review on prospects of polyploidy potato in food security is concerned.

Quantitative trait loci associated to agronomic traits and yield components in a Sorghum bicolor L.Moench RIL population cultivated under pre-flowering drought and well-watered conditions

The present study aims to identify QTL influencing agronomic traits and yield components under well-watered and pre-flowering drought stress conditions. One hundred F5 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) and the parental lines of a cross between a drought-tolerant and a susceptible line in a field experiment were carried out at Nong Lam University of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Drought stress was induced by withholding irrigation water from the plants at four weeks after sowing to flowering. Leaf area of the third leaf, stem diameter, plant height, days to heading, anthesis and maturity, panicle length, number of seeds per plant, hundred kernel weight and grain yield were measured. Plants were genotyped with 117 Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) and eight expressed sequence tag (EST)-derived simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Composite interval mapping was carried out on the traits and significant QTL were claimed at a logarithm of the odds (LOD) score >2.5. A total of 50 QTL were detected on nine chromosomes or 13 linkage groups, respectively. Six promising QTL regions with seven QTL for yield and agronomic traits especially related to pre-flowering drought tolerance were identified on chromosomes SBI-01, SBI-03, SBI-04, SBI-05 and SBI-07.

Effects of Different Water Treatment on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Wheat

In order to make clear the effects of water on yield and agronomic traits of wheat in Cangzhou,18 wheat cultivars from north part of Huanghuai Plain were collected for spring irrigation. The indoor and field surveys were used to analyze the effects of irrigation frequency on stem tiller situation,leaf area coefficient,yield and other traits of different wheat cultivars. The results indicated that the average yield of irrigation 1 increased by 68. 07 kg compared with that of irrigation 0,while the average yield of irrigation 2 increased by 60. 00 kg compared with that of irrigation 1. The survey of flag leaf area of wheat cultivars at the grain filling stage showed that the leaf area of irrigation 0 was the smallest( 18. 15 cm^2 on average),the leaf area of irrigation 1 was 20. 34 cm^2,and the leaf area of irrigation 2 was 24. 05 cm^2. With the increase in the irrigation times,the volume weight of wheat cultivars declined,the number of infertile spikelet dropped,and the plant height gradually increased. In conclusion,every decrease of one time of irrigation times,there will be loss of yield about 60. 00 kg.

Effect of Planting Density on Physiological Indexes, Agronomic Traits and Yield of Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.)

Ningqiao 1 was selected as the material to study the effects of planting density on physiological indices,agronomic traits and yield of buckwheat.The results showed that high density resulted in decreases of chlorophyll content,soluble protein content and activity of SOD,POD and CAT,and acceleration of MDA accumulation under drought conditions.Low density could effectively improve the grain number per plant,grain weight per plant,1000-grain weight and yield in drought conditions.

Analysis on Major Agronomic Traits and Yield of Huayu Series of Peanut Cultivars under Mulched Drip Irrigation

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the appearance of major agronomic traits and yield potential of Huayu series of peanut cultivars under the condition of mulched drip irrigation, so as to provide core parent materials for new peanut cultivar breeding in Xinjiang during Thirteenth Five-Year Plan. [Method] A total of 16 peanut cultivars of Huayu series were studied systematically by field experiment and laboratory analysis. In addition, the main stem height, lateral branch length, pod number per plant, 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight, pod length, pod width and yield of different peanut cultivar were compared. [Result]Under the condition of mulched drip irrigation, the appearance of major agronomic traits of peanut cultivars in Xinjiang was better than that in Shandong areas. In Xinjiang, the yields of the peanut cultivars were increased in varying degrees. However,there were some differences in appearance of major agronomic traits, as well as yield, among different peanut cultivars. Among all the peanut cultivars, the single-plant productivities of Huayu 22, Huayu 28 and Huayu 50 were higher than those of the other cultivars, and the yields of Huayu 33 and Huayu 50 were higher than those of the other cultivars. Meanwhile, the late two cultivars' comprehensive traits were excellent. [Conclusion] In the high-yielding breeding of peanut in Xinjiang, Huayu 33 and Huayu50 can be used as core parent materials. Under the condition of mulched drip irrigation, their yield potential can be further explored.

Effects of Sowing Dates on Yield,Agronomic Traits and Resistance of Millet in Yan'an

[ Objective ] This study aimed to investigate the appropriate sowing dates of different millet varieties and analyzed the yield, agronomic traits and resist- ance of millet. [ Method ] Split-plot design was employed with sowing date and millet variety assigned to the main plot and sub-plot, respectively, to investigate the effects of sowing dates on yield, agronomic traits and resistance of millet. [ Result] The results showed that early or late sowing would lead to yield reduction. Changsheng 07, Jingu 36 and Changnong 35 exhibited higher yield. Based on the yield, agronomic traits and resistance, the appropriate sowing date of Changsheng 07, Jingu 40 and Jingu 36 was May 13 ; the appropriate sowing date of Yangu 13 and Changnong 35 was May 20. [ Conclusion] The most appropriate sowing date of millet in Yan＇an was May 10 to May 20. Key words Millet; Sowing date; Yield; Agronomic traits ; Resistance

Genotype × Environment Interactions for Agronomic Traits of Rice Revealed by Association Mapping

Agronomic traits are important determinants to rice yield, which are controlled by complex genetic factors as well as genotype by environment （G × E） interaction effects. The G × E effects for agronomic traits of rice have been dissected with various approaches, but not with the current available approach, the association studies. In this study, a total of 32 655 single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to carry out associations with 14 agronomic traits among 20 rice accessions in two environments. The G × E interaction effects for all the agronomic traits were at highly significant levels （P〈0.01）, accounting for 3.4%-22.3% of the total sum of squares except for the length of brown rice. Twenty three putative quantitative trait loci （QTLs）, including five previously known and several new promising associations, were identified for 10 of 14 traits. Analysis of the relationships between the traits for which QTLs and the genotype effects could be identified suggested that the higher the genotypic effect, the higher the possibility to identify QTLs for the given trait. The new QTLs detected in this study will facilitate dissection of the complex agronomic traits and may give insight into the G × E effects with association mapping.

Identi cation of seed heat tolerance and its correlation with agronomic traits in Brassica napus L.

To better understand the effect of high temperature on seed viability, artificial aging treatments were implemented on 472 accessions of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by constant high temperature at 70℃for 8h. Results showed a remarkable impact of constant heat on seed germination. After heat treatment, considerable variation was found in seed germinability, some genotypes even lost the ability to germinate. The effect of accelerated aging was highly significant. Germination parameters varied among ecotypes. Seed viability varied with different origin, and was significantly and positively correlated with seed yield per plant and dry weight of aboveground parts per plant among 14 agronomic traits. Germination traits were positively correlated with oil contents.

Comparative Preliminary Evaluation of Agronomic and Quality Traits of New"Zhongtang"Superior Lines

[Objectives]Sugarcane is the most significant sugar cash crop in the tropical and subtropical regions of China.However,it is notable for its narrow genetic basis,limited trait improvement,weak adaptability of varieties,and poor planting efficiency.In order to accelerate the process of sugarcane variety replacement and expand the basis of genetic variation,interspecific hybridization and multiple mutagenesis are the most effective methods for obtaining new sugarcane varieties.The evaluation and identification of phenotypic traits of germplasm represents a significant analytical method.The"Zhongtang"series of sugarcane varieties is distinguished by its high yield and high sugar content.New sugarcane germplasms with excellent agronomic and quality traits can be identified and developed as breeding parents and new breeding lines through comprehensive evaluation of the existing germplasm.[Methods]A total of 181 new lines were selected through genetic origin and orientation,and evaluated and appraised for growth,yield,and economic characteristics.The data on 6 important agronomic and quality traits,including tillering,initial plant height,plant height,stem diameter,number of effective stems,and brix at maturity,were used to discover superior lines.These traits were evaluated during the two production seasons of the participant lines.[Results]A comprehensive evaluation of seedling growth traits and economic traits at maturity of the experimental lines identified 30 excellent new germplasms of sugarcane.Among the selected lines,1501 and 1701 exhibited superior agronomic and quality traits,rendering them suitable as parental lines for sugarcane breeding or breeding as new varieties.[Conclusions]The exemplary results obtained in this study provide a solid foundation for the improvement of sugarcane germplasm,with the goal of enhancing quality and efficiency.These findings are of great scientific and practical significance to the study of sugarcane yield and sugar-related genes,as well as the exploration of the evaluation and utilization of sugarcane germplasm resources.

滇中地区不同种植密度青贮玉米的主要农艺性状、产量和质量变化

为了探讨不同种植密度对青贮玉米的农艺性状、产量和质量的影响,在滇中地区以推广较多的曲晨9号为供试材料,开展6株/m^(2)(低密度)、9株/m^(2)(中等密度)和12株/m^(2)(高密度)三个种植密度的试验研究。结果表明:高密度种植青贮玉米的群体干物质产量比低密度的提高12.3%,并且高密度种植模式中的单株节数、叶片数和枯叶数也比低密度处理的单株分别增加9.98%(P<0.05)、2.78%(P>0.05)和126.92%(P<0.01),但是高密度种植模式中单株的株高、基部茎宽、穗叶面积和不同位叶的干重比低密度的处理分别降低15.12%(P>0.05)、38.80%(P<0.01)、16.38%(P<0.05)和26.88%~38.79%(P<0.05)。在营养成分方面:高密度种植青贮玉米的粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和酸性木质素分别比低密度种植的青贮玉米低了1.7%、21.51%、22.14%和56.79%。表明增加种植密度可有效地增加单位面积青贮玉米群体的干物质产量,增加单株的叶片数和节数,但是降低单株的株高、穗叶面积、不同位叶干重和基部茎宽,并有效地降低中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和酸性木质素的含量。建议在种植青贮玉米时一定在关注单株农艺性状的变化和群体养分含量变化同时,通过合理密植获得单位面积的高产和优质的青贮玉米,同时避免植株倒伏等因素引起的减产。

不同施肥处理对黑河43农艺性状、产量及品质的影响

为促进黑龙江省北部大豆产业提质增效,本研究以目前国内种植面积最大的大豆品种黑河43为研究对象,设置8组不同施肥处理:常规施肥区,尿素2 kg·666.67 m^(-2)、磷酸二铵8 kg·666.67 m^(-2)、硫酸钾5 kg·666.67 m^(-2);磷处理1区,磷酸二铵8 kg·666.67 m^(-2)、硫酸钾5 kg·666.67 m^(-2);磷处理2区,磷酸二铵10 kg·666.67 m^(-2)、硫酸钾5 kg·666.67 m^(-2);磷处理3区,磷酸二铵12 kg·666.67 m^(-2)、硫酸钾5 kg·666.67 m^(-2);无钾区,尿素2 kg·666.67 m^(-2)、磷酸二铵8 kg·666.67 m^(-2);无磷区,尿素5.13 kg·666.67 m^(-2)、硫酸钾5 kg·666.67 m^(-2);无氮区,磷酸钙8 kg·666.67 m^(-2)、硫酸钾5 kg·666.67 m^(-2);空白区。研究轮作条件下氮、磷、钾对黑河43农艺性状、品质及产量的影响。结果表明:不同肥料处理对黑河43农艺性状影响存在一定差异,其中氮肥施用与株高、底荚高显著正相关,其他性状差异均不显著;肥料处理对黑河43籽粒大小及品质的影响差异显著,其中空白CK与缺氮PK处理区百粒重、蛋白质含量均显著低于其它处理,缺氮PK处理区脂肪含量均显著高于其他处理;在合理范围内增施氮肥、磷肥可显著提高黑河43的产量,补充钾肥可显著提高黑河43抗病性进而提高产量,其中N3P3K处理区2年产量均显著高于其他处理区。缺素处理区2年产量结果一致,效应依次:NK>NP>PK;通过相关性聚类热图分析,将黑河43综合农艺性状分成2大类,第Ⅰ类为蛋白与产量构成因子:包含产量、单株粒重、单株粒数、单株荚数、节数、感病率、蛋白、底荚高、百粒重、株高,相邻性状两两相关性最高,第Ⅱ类为脂肪与密度,脂肪含量与密度显著正相关。将不同肥料处理分成2大类,第I类是缺N区,包含空白CK处理区和PK缺氮区,第Ⅱ类是含氮肥区,进一步说明氮肥是黑河43生物量形成的基础,平衡施肥对黑河43产量及品质具有重要促进作用。

甘肃高寒区11个小黑麦品种(系)产量与主要农艺性状的通径分析

试验为探讨甘肃高寒区小黑麦品种(系)产量的影响因素,选取11个小黑麦品种(系),每个品种(系)重复3次,对主要农艺性状、籽粒产量和干草产量进行相关性和通径分析。结果表明:小黑麦主要农艺性状与籽粒产量和干草产量通径分析具有直接作用和间接作用。从10个指标中筛选出9个对籽粒产量具有直接效应的因子,依次为:穗长>有效分蘖数>千粒重>结实小穗数>穗下节>穗粒数>不孕小穗数>株高>分蘖数。各性状与干草产量同样具有直接作用和间接作用,各因子对干草产量的直接效应依次为:穗下节>不孕小穗数>结实小穗数>有效分蘖数>倒2节>分蘖数>穗粒数>株高>千粒重。株高与籽粒产量呈负效应,而与干草产量呈正效应。在实际生产中选择高产品种时,根据利用途径不同(籽粒或饲草),应考虑影响二者产量的正负效应。研究表明,T-133可同时获得较高的籽粒产量和干草产量,适宜在甘肃高寒区推广种植。

海拔变化对棒菜主要农艺性状及产量的影响

【目的】分析海拔变化对棒菜(Brassica juncea var.crassicaulis Chen&Yang)主要农艺性状及产量的影响,为优化川西高原棒菜种植区域提供理论依据。【方法】以金田3号棒菜为试材,采用变异分析研究其主要农艺性状和产量性状在不同海拔(1510、2081、2579和2936 m)的差异,采用相关分析、逐步回归分析和通径分析研究海拔及各性状指标与棒菜产量的关系。【结果】不同海拔高度下,棒菜各性状的变异系数为4.88%~33.51%,农艺性状以食用茎粗的变异系数最大,产量性状以单株毛重的变异系数最大。株高和食用茎长随海拔上升总体减小,且与海拔呈极显著负相关(P<0.01,下同);食用茎粗、皮厚、单株毛重、单株净重和小区产量随海拔上升总体先增大后减小,且与海拔呈极显著正相关;小区产量与食用茎粗、皮厚、单株毛重和单株净重呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著正相关。逐步回归分析结果表明,棒菜产量变化主要受海拔、食用茎粗、茎秆节间长度和单株毛重的影响,决定系数为0.993;4个自变量对小区产量的直接通径系数排序依次为海拔(0.484)>单株毛重(0.421)>食用茎粗(0.338)>茎秆节间长度(0.180),间接通径系数排序依次为食用茎粗(0.495)>单株毛重(0.479)>海拔(0.450)>茎秆节间长度(0.127)。【结论】为使金田3号棒菜在川西高原地区有较高的产量,应重点做好海拔、食用茎粗和单株毛重的选择,同时兼顾茎秆节间长度。金田3号棒菜在海拔2579 m产量最高,可在该区域适度扩大种植规模。

6个苇状羊茅(型)品种在成都平原区的生产性能评价

为筛选适宜成都平原推广利用的优异牧草品种,对6个苇状羊茅(型)品种进行了生育期、主要农艺性状、鲜(干)草产量及牧草营养成分等指标的测定,并运用灰色关联度分析进行综合评价。结果表明,‘特沃’和‘科瑞’的生育期最长,均达275 d。各参试品种平均再生速度依次为‘马胡丽娜’>‘科瑞’>‘都脉’>‘特沃’>‘K31’>‘福泰’。品种‘马胡丽娜’年平均干草产量最高,可达12790.99 kg·hm-2,分别较国审品种‘特沃’和‘都脉’显著增加14.62%和4.28%(P<0.05),表现出明显的产量优势。‘科瑞’干草产量较‘特沃’显著增加6.59%(P<0.05),且植株自然高度可达100.15 cm,高于‘特沃’和‘都脉’(P<0.05)。‘都脉’的分蘖数最大,为47.33个·株^(-1),显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),其次是‘科瑞’和‘马胡丽娜’,分别达37.50和37.00个·株^(-1),较品种‘特沃’多6.25和5.75个·株^(-1)。‘K31’茎叶比为0.96,高于其他参试品种。对6个参试品种的营养成分测定表明,‘特沃’的粗蛋白含量最高,可达18.60%,‘科瑞’的粗脂肪含量最高,可达5.41%。通过灰色关联度法综合比较分析,‘科瑞’表现最优,‘特沃’和‘马胡丽娜’综合性状表现较优,适宜在成都平原地区推广种植利用。

施肥量与种植密度对田润189玉米主要农艺性状及产量的影响

以自主选育玉米新品种田润189为试验材料,采用二因素裂区试验设计,主区为种植密度,设3个密度水平处理(A1处理42000株/hm^(2);A2处理48000株/hm^(2);A3处理54000株/hm^(2)),副区为施肥量,设4个施肥水平处理(B1处理为常规施肥,施用复合肥750 kg/hm^(2)和尿素150 kg/hm^(2);B2、B3和B4处理分别施用缓释肥600、750和900 kg/hm^(2)),探究田润189在3个密度4个施肥量水平条件下玉米主要农艺性状、产量及经济效益的表现。结果表明,种植密度、施肥量及肥密互作对植株性状、果穗性状及产量均存在显著或极显著影响。在不同种植密度条件下,田润189的产量以A3处理最高,且显著或极显著高于A1处理,但与A2处理差异不显著;在不同施肥量条件下,田润189的产量以B4处理最高,且极显著高于B2处理,但与B3和B1处理差异不显著;在肥密互作中,春播以A3B1处理的产量最高,达8494.50 kg/hm^(2)且显著高于A3B2处理,但与A3B4和A3B3处理差异不显著,而秋播以A3B4处理的产量最高(8276.50 kg/hm^(2)),显著高于A3B2处理,但与A3B1和A3B3处理差异不显著。从经济效益上看,施用缓释肥处理(B2、B3和B4处理)的收益均比常规施肥处理(B1处理)高,尤其B3处理的收益最高,达12353.59元/hm^(2),比B1处理平均增收10.77%。综上所述,田润189玉米的较佳种植密度为48000~54000株/hm^(2),在此密度下施用750~900 kg/hm^(2)缓释型复合肥(N-P 2O 5-K 2O=24-6-10)可获得较佳的产量和经济效益。

烯效唑对扁穗雀麦生长发育和种子产量品质的影响

探究烯效唑对扁穗雀麦生长发育和种子产量品质的影响,为其种子增产提质提供科学依据。以‘江夏’扁穗雀麦为试验材料,采取随机区组设计,在拔节期喷施不同浓度烯效唑(0、50、90、130 mg/kg),研究植株生长、种子产量和萌发特性。结果表明:烯效唑降低了植株高度,提高了抗倒伏能力。除50 mg/kg的烯效唑对生殖枝数有显著增加外(P<0.05),其余处理对植株第二节长、茎粗、分蘖数和生殖枝数影响差异不显著。喷施不同浓度烯效唑,扁穗雀麦的小穗数/生殖枝、种子数和种子产量均表现为增加,但只有50 mg/kg处理下各指标差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。90 mg/kg烯效唑处理可显著增加扁穗雀麦种子活力指数(P<0.05),但所有处理对千粒重、发芽率和发芽指数影响较小。各指标相关性分析发现,植株高度与倒伏率、分蘖数和生殖枝数极显著正相关(P<0.01);种子产量和生殖枝数显著正相关(P<0.05)。喷施50 mg/kg烯效唑,扁穗雀麦种子产量最高,达1508.31 kg/hm^(2),较对照增加13.63%,差异显著(P<0.05)。

郑绿20在GGE双标图分析区试参试品种中的综合评价研究

对连续两年河南省绿豆多点试验的10个新品种农艺及产量性状进行变异性和相关性分析,探讨其相关关系;通过采用GGE双标图分析2019~2020年度河南省绿豆新品种鉴定试验参试品种,综合评价参试品种的丰产性、稳产性、适应性及各试点的试验代表性、鉴别力和区分能力。结果表明,株高、主茎分枝数、单株荚数的变异系数较大;单株荚数与主茎分枝、产量呈显著正相关,主茎节数与株高呈显著正相关。四个试点可以分为两个生态区,参试品种产量表现在双标图中能直观体现。安阳试点对品种有较强的鉴别能力,郑绿20具有较好的丰产性和稳产性,综合表现良好,具有推广价值。

种植模式与密度互作对高粱冠层结构及生产潜能的影响

以辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所选育品种辽糯22为材料,设置等行距种植与宽窄行种植两种种植模式,97 500株/hm2、10 500株/hm2、11 250株/hm2、12 000株/hm2等4个种植密度,测定分析农艺性状、冠层结构特征、干物质积累、产量及产量构成因素等指标。结果表明,提高种植密度增加了籽粒产量,降低了单穗粒重和千粒重,增加了高粱株高,降低了茎粗、穗长、茎叶夹角和叶片垂直率,与等行距种植相比,宽窄行种植模式叶片空间分布更合理,干物质积累和产量具有明显优势。

不同叶面肥对甘薯普薯32生长及产量的影响

以甘薯普薯32为试验材料,研究不同叶面肥对甘薯普薯32农艺性状、光合性状、产量和品质性状的影响,并对数据进行相关性分析和主成分综合评价。结果表明:不同叶面肥对普薯32的生长性状和光合性状影响不同,相关性分析表明产量与各性状呈正相关,其中产量与商品率和干物质率呈显著正相关;对不同叶面肥对普薯32的各性状进行主成分综合评价,希沃丰大量元素水溶肥和薯墩儿氨基酸水溶肥分别排名第1和第2,这两种叶面肥有利于甘薯普薯32生长,产量的提高和品质的提升,是适合普薯32的叶面肥。