Effect of Potassium Levels on Growth and Productivity of Potato Varieties

Potato is one of the priority vegetable crops in the highlands of Eritrea growing as a key component in the livelihood systems of farmers. Potato requires a variety of balanced plant mineral nutrients for growth and development without which yield and qualities of tubers are reduced. Potato growers in Eritrea commonly use Di-ammonium Phosphate, Urea and Farmyard manure while potassium fertilizers are overlooked assuming that the soil is developed from K rich parent material and contains sufficient amount of K to support crop growth. However this assumption is based on the result obtained forty-seven years ago. As a result the yield and quality of potato produced is very low as compared with international standards. Therefore the present experiment was conducted to assess the effect of potassium levels on growth and productivity of potato varieties at Hamelmalo Agricultural College, Eritrea. The experiment was conducted in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with fifteen treatment combinations of three varieties (Ajiba, Zafira and Picasso) and five potassium levels (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg K2O/ha) replicated thrice. The results of the study showed that both variety and potassium had significant effect on growth and yield parameters. Aerial stem number, leaf number per plant and plant height were increased with increasing K levels from 0 to 150 kg while number of days to maturity was increased in the range of 0 - 300 kg K2O/ha. The result also indicated that variety Ajiba treated with 300 kg K2O/ha produced significantly highest tuber weight (1.14 kg) per plant and tuber yield of 49.38 t/ha. The economic analysis result revealed that maximum gross margin 13,665.816 USD/ha was obtained from the application of 300 kg K2O/ha. On the whole, it gives an impression that using potassium fertilizer according to soil requirements will have good influence on growth and tuber yield.

Comparison of Physicochemical,Organoleptic and Nutritional Abilities of Eight Sweet Potato(Ipomoea batatas)Varieties

In Martinique (F.W.I.), biodiversity of vegetable varieties remain unexploited due to public unawareness or supply problems. To further enhance the sweet potato, physicochemical, sensory and nutritional characteristics of eight varieties of sweet potato were established. The eight sweet potatoes cultivars were noticeably diverse with phenotypic, sensory, physicochemical and nutritional characteristics which were very varied. The eight cultivars grown in Martinique were advantageously positioned in relation to the globally identified sweet potato, regarding fibre, starch, potassium, copper, vitamin B1, B3 and B9 contents. Compared to the ordinary potato, Martiniquan sweet potatoes have a much better nutritional potential. Energy value and vitamin C levels were twice as much as in normal potatoes. Martiniquan sweet potatoes cultivars were also richer in minerals and vitamins, with 2.7 times more vitamin B9 and 63 times more beta-carotene than the ordinary potato.

Impact of Implementing 1991 Act of the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants in China

The Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants is abbreviated as UPOV. The Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants has 1961/1972 Act ,1978 Act and 1991 Act. China is member of UPOV and its regulations of protection of new varieties of plants conform to 1978 Act. At present, there is big debate whether China accedes to 1991 Act. This paper mainly discussed advantages and possibilities that China accedes to 1991 Act, and concluded that it is highly desirable that China should consider acceding to 1991 Act in order to contribute to development of system on protection of new varieties of plants.

Study on Introduction Test of New Varieties of High Quality Conventional Rice in Yangjiang City, China

[Objective]The paper was to seek new varieties of high quality conventional rice suitable for Yangjiang area,Guangdong Province,China.[Method]In 2017,introduction test was performed with seven new varieties of high-quality conventional rice approved by Guangdong Province in recent years,including Huangsilizhan,Guangjingruanzhan,Heliyouzhan,Huahang 48,Limiaozhan,Lvyinzhan,Yuehesimiao,to investigate the main agronomic traits and yield of all varieties tested.[Result]The comprehensive performance of Lvyinzhan,Guangjingruanzhan,Limiaozhan and Huahang 48 was outstanding,showing the characters of good yield,excellent rice quality and strong stress resistance.[Conclusion]Lvyinzhan,Guangjingruanzhan,Limiaozhan and Huahang 48 are suitable for large-scale demonstration and promotion in Yangjiang area.

Study on the Relationship Betweenthe Toxin of Phytophthora infestans(Mont.) de Bary and Resistance of Potato

Plant pathogenic fungi produce mycotoxins which may lead host plants to produce disease symptoms and may have a significant positive role in the course of disease development.The putative Phytophthora infestans toxins were prepared by culturing in liquid medium（60 g rye and 10% tomato juice L-1） for 1 mon at 17℃,filtering through four layers of cheesecloth and being precipitated by ammonium sulfate.The resulted putative toxin solutions were used to study the effects on 3 potato varieties（both leaf and tuber tissues）.The results show that potato leaves and tubers exhibit symptoms similar to the late blight resulted from P.infestans infection.Potato varieties reacting differentially to both the toxin dilutions and toxins produced by different P.infestans isolates suggested the presence of toxin-mediated specificities between potato and P.infestans.Potato leaf and tuber tissues have different and contrary reactions to the toxin.Toxin-mediated specificities are likely present between potato and P.infestans.

Analysis of Genetical Diversity of Some of the Tetraploides Potato Cultivars Grown in Iran

The genetical diversity of potato, Solanum tuberosum was assessed using morphological traits. To verify, how this diversity is distributed among the main potato varieties grown in Iran. A total of eleven potato varieties, Ramose, Sante, Shepody, Marfona, Maradona, Milova, Santana, Boren, Cosima, Granola and Agria, were evaluated under vivo and situ experimental conditions in Isfahan, conditions, Iran. Seven phenological, floral and morphological vegetative aerial descriptors, Growth Rate = CGR, Net Assimilation Rate = NAR, Leaf Area Duration = LAD, Leaf Area Ratio = LAR and specific Leaf Area = SLA were recorded. The descriptors were evaluated by SAS Software and their means comparison by DMRT test. Certain defined groups were observed, indicating that the diversity of the cultivars are structured with a considerable morphological variation in between the varieties with a very high significant growth indices.

Screening of Extraction Methods for Protein from Potato Tubers

[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen different extraction methods for protein from potato tubers.[Methods]The bud eye,lateral and pith parts of Qingshu 168 and Kexin 1 were used as test materials,and were extracted by acetone extraction,trichloroacetic acid(TCA)extraction,salt extraction,alcohol extraction and phenol extraction,respectively.The protein contents of different parts were determined by spectrophotometry.A 2-factor randomized block design was used to study the effects of varieties,extraction methods,sampling parts and combinations of different factors on protein content.[Results]The protein contents of different varieties were different,and Qingshu 168 was significantly higher than Kexin 1(P<0.05),reaching 128.0 mg/L.The protein contents obtained by different extraction methods were different.Acetone extraction,salt extraction and TCA extraction showed no significant differences in the protein content,but they were significantly higher than phenol extraction and alcohol extraction(P<0.05).The protein contents obtained by the former three were in the range of153.3-159.7 mg/L.The protein content in the bud eye part of potato tubers was significantly higher than those in the lateral and pith parts(P<0.05),reaching140.7 mg/L.There were significant differences among different combinations of varieties,extraction methods and sampling parts(P<0.05).The comprehensive comparison showed that the salt extraction method was suitable for the bud eye part of Qingshu 168,and the TCA extraction method was suitable for the bud eye part of Kexin No.1.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for potato protein extraction and further research.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Flower Border Application Value of New and Superior Plants in Hefei Area

An analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was employed to assess the applicability of 18 new and superior varieties of flowers in Hefei City flower border applications.A total of 12 indicators were selected from three distinct aspects of adaptability,ornamental characteristics and use traits,in order to establish a comprehensive evaluation model.The results demonstrate that grade I(J≥2.685)exhibits excellent application value,encompassing six species of plants,such asHydrangeamacrophylla‘Endless Summer’;grade II(2.684≤J≤2.420)is also of notable application value,encompassing five species of plants,such asCallistemonrigidus;grade III(2.419≤J≤2.615)is of average application value,including five species of plants,such asCrocosmiacrocosmiflora;grade IV(J≤2.16)is of relatively poor application value.The evaluation results may be utilized as a theoretical reference for the promotion of new and superior varieties in the flower border of Hefei.

Brave New Potato

By the time Ireland’s terrible potato famine of 1845 had run its course, 1 million people had starved to death. Survivors recalled seeing people dying by the roadside, their mouths stuffed with grass. The cause of the suffering was a virulent fungus known as late blight disease, or Phytophthora infestans,

A New Combination and Two Varieties of Polystigmate Gomphonema (Gomphonemaceae Bacillariophyta) from Heilongjiang Province, China

The authors discribed a new polystigmate combination, Gomphonema turris Ehr. var. okamurae (Skv.) Fan et Bao.comb.nov., and two new varieties, Gomphonema turris Ehr. var. latum Fan et Wang. var. nov. and Gomphonema acuminatum var. obtusum Fan et Bao, var. nov., that were distinguished by frustule morphology under LM. The samples were collected from freshwater of Heilongjiang Province, China.

Characterization of QTL for unique agronomic traits of new-plant-type rice varieties using introgression lines of IR64

To enhance the yield potential of an elite indica rice cultivar,an introgression(BC_3-derived) line of IR64,YTH288,was developed using a new-plant-type cultivar,IR66215-44-2-3,as a donor parent.YTH288 has agronomically valuable characteristics such as large panicles,few unproductive tillers,and large leaves inherited from NPT.To identify the genetic basis of these traits,we used 167 F_2 plants derived from a cross between IR64 and YTH288 to conduct QTL analysis for five agronomic traits:days to heading(DTH),culm length(CL),flag leaf length(FLL),flag leaf width(FLW),and filled spikelet number per panicle(FSN).Six putative QTL were detected:four on chromosome4(for CL,FLL,FLW,and FSN) and two on chromosome 2(for DTH and FLL).All QTL with the IR66215-44-2-3 allele,except that for FLL on chromosome 2,had positive effects on each trait.To confirm the effects of these putative QTL,we developed NILs with the IR64 genetic background by marker-assisted selection.We observed significant differences in several agronomic traits between IR64 and NILs that carried these QTL on chromosomes2 and 4.Additionally,four IR64-NILs carrying chromosomal segments derived from different NPT varieties on the long arm of chromosome 4 exhibited similar pleiotropic To enhance the yield potential of an elite indica rice cultivar, an introgression(BC3-derived) line of IR64, YTH288, was developed using a new-plant-type cultivar,IR66215-44-2-3, as a donor parent. YTH288 has agronomically valuable characteristics such as large panicles, few unproductive tillers, and large leaves inherited from NPT.To identify the genetic basis of these traits, we used 167 F2 plants derived from a cross between IR64 and YTH288 to conduct QTL analysis for five agronomic traits: days to heading(DTH), culm length(CL), flag leaf length(FLL), flag leaf width(FLW), and filled spikelet number per panicle(FSN). Six putative QTL were detected: four on chromosome4(for CL, FLL, FLW, and FSN) and two on chromosome 2(for DTH and FLL). All QTL with the IR66215-44-2-3 allele, except that for FLL on chromosome 2, had positive effects on each trait. To confirm the effects of these putative QTL, we developed NILs with the IR64 genetic background by marker-assisted selection. We observed significant differences in several agronomic traits between IR64 and NILs that carried these QTL on chromosomes2 and 4. Additionally, four IR64-NILs carrying chromosomal segments derived from different NPT varieties on the long arm of chromosome 4 exhibited similar pleiotropiceffects for unique agronomic traits. These NILs can be used as research materials for studying each trait and as breeding materials for yield improvement of indica rice cultivars.

Farmers' Privilege under the Protection of New Plant Varieties

This paper studies farmers'privilege under the protection of new plant varieties,and points out that farmers'privilege is given to balance interests of plant breeders and relevant public.Based on this,it analyzes shortcomings of farmers'privilege regulations,and puts forward that it is required to improve farmers'privilege regulations in subjects,objects and contents of rights on the basis of learning from advanced legislation experience of foreign countries,and build the interest sharing mechanism between breeders and farmers.

Correlation and Cluster Analysis on the Quality Characters of New Middle-ripe Japonica Rice Varieties in Jiangsu Province

[ Objective] This study aimed to analyze the quality characteristics of the new middle-ripejapon/ca rico varieties in Jiangsu Province. [ Method] Four- teen new rice varieties included in the Middle-ripe Japon/ca Rice Regional Test in 2011 were selected as the materials. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on their quality traits. [Result] The rice cultivars possessed stable characteristics, which were difficult to be further improved. In addition, their quality traits had extremely complicated relationships, and the differences were significant between different groups. [ Conclusion] This study will provide reference for improving the quality traits of japonica rice.

NEW VARIETIES AND LINES

Ⅱ-you 92: a new hybrid rice for late seasonⅡ-you 92 is an indica hybrid rice that was developed by Jinhua Agri Res Inst, Zhejiang Province.Ⅱ-you 92 has a suitable growth duration of 122-125 d as double-cropping late season rice, 3-4 dshorter than that of Shanyou 64 and 6-7 d shorter than Shanyou 10. It has a compact plant type, high tiller-ing ability and plant height of 85-90 cn. A number of 3.4-3.6 million effective panicles per ha can be

NEW VARIETIES AND LINES

Qixiuzhan 3:a new high-yielding, good-quality indica rice varietyBy crossing Qishanzhan with Xinxiu 299, a new variety Qixiuzhan 3 was developed by the Rice Res Inst ofGuangdong Acad of Agri Sci.Being planted in the early season, this variety belongs to mid-late-maturity rice, with the same ma-

New technique for identifying varieties resistance to rice blast

After 8 yrs lab experiments and field tests, an advanced technique for identifying varieties resistance to rice blast was developed by a research group in Plant Protection Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. With this technique, the inoculum was prepared on a maize-rice-straw-agar media which was suitable for sporulation of most rice blast pathogen isolates. To avoid possible virulence variation during the vegetative growth, the conidia were harvested and preserved for later different sets of resistance evaluation tests. A simple and precise new method—smear inoculation was used for infection. The experi-

高产抗条锈冬小麦新品种天选79号选育报告

为选育适宜甘肃陇南麦区及同类地区推广种植的抗病、丰产且适应性广的冬小麦品种,天水市农业科学研究所以自育高代品系00127-2-2-3作母本、周麦22号作父本配制杂交组合,经多年多点连续鉴定选择,培育成了抗条锈高产冬小麦新品种天选79号。2019—2021年参加甘肃省陇南片川区组区域试验,2 a 10点(次)平均折合产量7437.90 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种兰天33号增产6.87%。2021—2022年度参加生产试验,5点(次)平均折合产量6910.35 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种兰天33号增产3.25%。该品种株高78.4 cm,穗长8.0 cm,每穗粒数40.96粒,籽粒白色,硬质,千粒重46.31 g,有效穗数570万穗/hm^(2)。具有抗条锈、稳产、抗倒伏、籽粒品质优良等特点,适宜在甘肃省天水渭河川道区及陇南麦区低海拔区种植。

马铃薯新品种‘牡育薯1号’的选育

‘牡育薯1号’是以‘GP2-12’为母本、‘NS78-17’为父本,通过有性杂交选育而成的鲜食型马铃薯新品种。2022年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记,登记编号:GPD马铃薯(2022)230011。‘牡育薯1号’生育期77 d,植株半直立,平均株高约68.8 cm,生长势强,茎绿色,叶绿色,花冠浅紫色。天然结实性中等。块茎卵圆形,黄色皮、深黄色肉,芽眼深度中等。平均单株结薯数6.1个,平均单薯重171 g,商品薯率79.70%。干物质含量19.00 g/100 g,淀粉含量13.30 g/100 g,块茎粗蛋白含量2.04 g/100 g,维生素C含量14.20 mg/100 g,还原糖含量1.10%。2年区域试验中,较对照‘克新13号’平均总增产9.16%。中抗晚疫病、中抗马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X,PVX)和马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)。‘牡育薯1号’适宜在黑龙江省春季种植。

酿酒葡萄新品种豫酿紫玉的选育

豫酿紫玉葡萄是以梅鹿辄(Vitis vinifera‘Merlot’♀)和LN-33(Vitis vinifera‘LN-33’♂)为亲本经人工杂交培育而成的中早熟酿酒葡萄新品种。果穗圆锥形,偶有副穗,果粒紧凑,平均单穗质量252.70 g;果粒中等,大小均衡,平均单粒质量1.53 g;果粒近圆形,紫黑色,着色均匀,果粉中等厚,果皮中等厚,有肉囊,汁多,每果种子1~2粒;果汁无色,压榨葡萄汁呈宝石红色。成熟果可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为21.6%,可溶性糖含量为17.46%,总酸含量为0.78%,维生素C含量为9.63 mg·100 g-1,单宁含量为4680 mg·kg-1;果实酸甜适口,果肉具有李子果香味。在郑州地区栽培,浆果于7月上旬开始着色,7月下旬始熟,8月上旬充分成熟,果实发育期为82 d;萌芽率高,生长健壮。酿酒样品酒精度、干浸出物含量、可滴定酸含量、pH值、二氧化硫残留量均在酿造干型红葡萄酒的国标范围内;酿造的干型红葡萄酒风味正,颜色佳。该品种耐寒性强,耐干旱,抗病害,丰产性好。适合在河南葡萄生态适生区和与其相似的其他葡萄生态适宜区栽培。