In-Depth Study of Potential-Based Routing and New Exploration of Its Scheduling Integration

Industrial wireless mesh networks(WMNs)have been widely deployed in various industrial sectors,providing services such as manufacturing process monitoring,equipment control,and sensor data collection.A notable characteristic of industrial WMNs is their distinct traffic pattern,where the majority of traffic flows originate from mesh nodes and are directed towards mesh gateways.In this context,this paper adopts and revisits a routing algorithm known as ALFA(autonomous load-balancing field-based anycast routing),tailored specifically for anycast(one-to-one-of-many)networking in WMNs,where traffic flows can be served through any one of multiple gateways.In essence,the scheme is a hybrid-type routing strategy that leverages the advantages of both back-pressure routing and geographic routing.Notably,its novelty lies in being developed by drawing inspiration from another field,specifically from the movement of charges in an electrostatic potential field.Expanding on the previous work,this paper explores further in-depth discussions that were not previously described,including a detailed description of the analogy between an electrostatic system and a WMN system based on precise mapping perspectives derived from intensive analysis,as well as discussions on anycast,numerical methods employed in devising the ALFA scheme,its characteristics,and complexity.It is worth noting that this paper addresses these previously unexplored aspects,representing significant contributions compared to previous works.As a completely new exploration,a new scheduling strategy is proposed that is compatible with the routing approach by utilizing the potential-based metric not only in routing but also in scheduling.This assigns higher medium access priority to links with a larger potential difference.Extensive simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed potential-based joint routing and scheduling scheme across various aspects within industrial WMN scenarios.

A Complete Surface Potential-Based Core Model for Undoped Symmetric Double-Gate MOSFETs

A surface potential-based model for undoped symmetric double-gate MOSFETs is derived by solving Poisson＇s equation to obtain the relationship between the surface potential and voltage in the channel region in a self-consistent way. The drain current expression is then obtained from Pao-Sah＇s double integral. The model consists of one set of surface potential equations,and the analytic drain current can be evaluated from the surface potential at the source and drain ends. It is demonstrated that the model is valid for all operation regions of the double-gate MOSFETs and without any need for simplification （e. g., by using the charge sheet assumption） or auxiliary fitting functions. The model has been verified by extensive comparisons with 2D numerical simulation under different operation conditions with different geometries. The consistency between the model calculation and numerical simulation demonstrates the accuracy of the model.

Constraint Preserving Schemes Using Potential-Based Fluxes I.Multidimensional Transport Equations

We consider constraint preserving multidimensional evolution equations.A prototypical example is provided by the magnetic induction equation of plasma physics.The constraint of interest is the divergence of the magnetic field.We design finite volume schemes which approximate these equations in a stable manner and preserve a discrete version of the constraint.The schemes are based on reformulating standard edge centered finite volume fluxes in terms of vertex centered potentials.The potential-based approach provides a general framework for faithful discretizations of constraint transport and we apply it to both divergence preserving as well as curl preserving equations.We present benchmark numerical tests which confirm that our potential-based schemes achieve high resolution,while being constraint preserving.