Polysaccharide-rich extract of Potentilla anserina ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in free fatty acid-induced HepG2 cells and high-fat/sugar diet-fed mice

Potentilla anserina L.(PA)belongs to the Rosaceae family,is a common edible plant in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau areas of China.This study elucidates the mechanism upon which crude polysaccharide of PA(PAP)on fat accumulation in HepG2 cells stimulated by oleic acid(OA)and high fat high sugar induced mice.The result revealed that PAP inhibited lipid accumulation in obese mice and ameliorated the degree of damage in OA-induced HepG2 cells.Specifically,compared to the control group,the TG and TC levels were decreased in cells and mice serum,the aspartate transaminase and alamine aminotransferase contents were declined in liver of obese mice by PAP treatment.The expressions of adipogenic genes of SREBP-1c,C/EBPα,PPARγ,and FAS were inhibited after PAP treatment.Moreover,PAP increased the mRNA levels of CPT-1 and PPARα,which were involved in fatty acid oxidation.The present results indicated the PAP could alleviate the damage of liver associated with obesity and PAP treatment might provide a dietary therapeutic option for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Cloning of PsMYB62 and analysis of cadmium resistant in Potentilla sericea

Potentilla sericea is a heavy metal hyperaccumulator landscaping plant.MYB transcription factors play an important role in regulating plant stress response to adversity.However,there are few studies on MYB transcription factors in stress tolerance in Potentilla sericea.In this study,the PsMYB62 gene was successfully cloned from Potentilla sericea.Methods:Bioinformatic analysis and real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)methods were used to evaluate this gene.The transgenic A.thaliana were obtained by flower dipping and the gene function was identified by determining physiological indicators under cadmium stress.Results:The open reading frame of PsMYB62 is 942 bp,which encodes 313 amino acids(aa)and belongs to the R2R3 MYB transcription factor.The plant overexpression vector PBI121-PsMYB62-GFP was constructed and successfully transferred into A.thaliana.The relative expression level of PsMYB62 was significantly increased by CdCl_(2),NaCl,ABA,and mannitol treatments.The germination rate of transgenic seeds was higher than those of wild type(WT)and empty vector(EV)under different concentrations of cadmium treatment.Upon treatment with 100μmol·L^(−1)of CdCl_(2)·2.5H_(2)O,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)in the transgenic plants were significantly higher than those in the WT and EV.The contents of H_(2)O_(2),O_(2)·−and malondialdehyde(MDA)in transgenic lines were increased,but lower than those in WT and EV.The expression levels of AtGSH,AtPCS,and AtNAS4 that were related to the regulation of cadmium were increased,but the expression levels of transgenic lines were higher than those of WT and EV.Conclusion:The above results showed that PsMYB62 could be induced by cadmium and could improve the cadmium resistance of plants.

Chemical Constituents from Potentilla multifida L.

Aim To investigate the chemical constituents from Potentilla multifida L..Methods Chromatographic technique was employed for the isolation and purification of theconstituents, and the structures were identified by spectral evidence. Results Four compounds wereisolated involving ade-nosine (1), apigenin-6-C-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-glucopyranoside (2),apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (3) and luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (4). Conclusion The fourcompounds were obtained from the genus Potentilla for the first time.

Evaluation on Landscape Application of Plants of Potentilla in Daqing City of China

The paper had analyzed natural condition of Daqing Area and distribution of plants of Potentilla in Daqing,and summarized 9 varieties of Potentilla.Based on field study and plot experiment and through observation of their biological traits,7 varieties of Potentilla had been identified suitable for landscaping;and evaluation had been conducted on their landscape application from the perspective of ornament,drought resistance,cold resistance,trampling resistance,adaptability to environment,coverage,and maintenance frequency.It was considered that their ornamental effect was quite good.They had certain drought resistance and cold resistance,and strong trampling resistance.These resistances of Potentilla bifurca L.var.glabrata Lehm.and Potentilla flagellaris Willd ex Schlecht.were stronger than that of Potentilla paradoxa Nutt.and Potentilla anserina L.,and then Potentilla chinensis Ser.,Potentilla discolor Bunge.and Potentilla tanacetifolia Willd ex Schlecht.were secondary.The pattern and structure of plants of Potentilla were coordinated and unified with the environment.The coverage of P.anserina L.,P.flagellaris Willd ex Schlecht.,and P.bifurca L.var.glabrata Lehm.was higher than that of P.paradoxa Nutt.and P.Tanacetifolia Willd ex Schlecht.and P.discolor Bunge..Plants of Potentilla didn't need to be maintained by men and they were ideal landscaping plants.On this basis,it had proposed suggestions on protection and development of landscaping plants of Potentilla in Daqing City.

鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)生长特征

以调查统计的方法研究了矮嵩草草甸内鹅绒委陵菜无性生长特征 ,研究结果表明 :匍匐茎只有 1条的鹅绒委陵菜最多 ,占 5 2 .86 % ,匍匐茎有 4条的鹅绒委陵菜只占 4.2 9%。同一鹅绒委陵菜无性系中 ,随着匍匐茎数目的增多 ,分株数、间隔子数、茎总长和匍匐茎比节间重变小。分株一般在第二级或第三级最高 ,末级较高 ;间隔子一般以第二、第三或第四级为最长 ,最末一级较长 ,第一级最短。随鹅绒委陵菜匍匐茎数目的增多 。

表面活性剂对长柔毛委陵菜(Potentilla griffithii var. velutina)修复重金属污染的促进作用

研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚（TritonX-100）等不同离子类型的表面活性剂对水稻土中重金属的解吸效果,并采用盆栽实验研究了上述3种表面活性剂对Zn超富集植物长柔毛委陵菜（Potentilla griffithii var. velutina）的生物量、吸收和富集重金属的影响。结果表明：CTAB对水稻土中Zn、Pb、Cd和Cu的解吸效果好于SDBS和TritonX-100,而且3种表面活性剂对各重金属的解吸率大小都为Cd〉Zn〉Cu〉Pb。3种表面活性剂促进长柔毛委陵菜叶、柄和根的生物量增加了0.2-2.5倍,并且长柔毛委陵菜各部位的生物量大小为叶〉柄〉根。3种表面活性剂都增加了长柔毛委陵菜各部位对Zn、Cd吸收及其叶和柄对Pb、Cu的吸收,同时显著促进Zn、Pb、Cd和Cu从植物根部向地上部转运,从而增加了Zn、Pb、Cd和Cu在长柔毛委陵菜地上部的提取量和分布以及长柔毛委陵菜对Zn、Pb、Cd和Cu的富集能力;因此3种表面活性剂都提高了长柔毛委陵菜修复重金属污染土壤的效率。

不同放牧强度下星毛委陵菜(Potentilla acaulis)种群小尺度空间格局

利用Ripley’s K函数以及蒙特卡罗（Monte Carlo）随机模拟方法，定量分析了4种放牧强度——无牧、轻牧（1．33只羊／hm^2）、中牧（4．00只羊／hm^2）、重牧（6．67只羊／hm^2）下星毛委陵菜（Potentilla acaulis）种群的小尺度空间格局及其随尺度的变化规律；研究了放牧对星毛委陵菜种群空间格局的影响；并以放牧条件下星毛委陵菜的生活史特征、生态适应对策以及群落内植物种间的相互作用为基础，探讨产生和维持这些格局的机理，研究表明：（1）放牧对星毛委陵菜种群空间格局有显著影响，同一放牧强度下星毛委陵菜种群在不同尺度上的空间格局存在显著差异．（2）无牧条件下，星毛委陵菜种群在0～96cm尺度上表现为集聚分布，在96～100cm尺度为随机分布；轻牧条件下，星毛委陵菜种群在0～92cm尺度上表现为集聚分布，在92～100cm尺度为随机分布；中牧条件下，星毛委陵菜种群在0～72cm尺度上表现为集聚分布，在72～100cm尺度为随机分布；重牧条件下，星毛委陵菜在20～22cm尺度上表现为集聚分布，在15～17cm、23～28cm和46～50cm尺度为均匀分布，在0～15cm、17～20cm、22～23cm、28～46cm和50～100cm上为随机分布．（3）同一放牧强度下，随着尺度的增大，星毛委陵菜种群由集聚分布趋向于随机分布；且转变为随机分布时的尺度随着放牧强度的增大而逐渐缩小．这与星毛委陵菜生物学特性和种群对放牧压力的生态适应对策密切相关．（4）在0～100cm尺度上，星毛委陵菜种群的集聚强度随着放牧强度的增大而逐渐减小，即：无牧〉轻牧〉中牧〉重牧．（5）放牧活动改变了决定群落结构的有关过程的相对重要性．这些研究结果将为在放牧活动干扰下草原群落的演替提供理论依据．

鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina L.)生物学特性的初步研究

详细描述了鹅绒委陵菜的生物学特性 ,并根据鹅绒委陵菜的生物学特性 ,将其生育期划分为 6个时期 ,即萌发期、基株生长期、匍匐期、花果期。

蕨麻(Potentilla anserina L.)自然资源状况的初步研究

系统地调查了蕨麻(鹅绒委陵菜的块根)的民间使用方法、资源分布规律、生长环境和生物学特性,为今后科学保护和合理开发该资源提供了可靠的理论基础。

放牧对星毛委陵菜(Potentilla acaulis)种群生殖对策的影响

在种群水平上系统研究了不同放牧强度对内蒙古冷蒿小禾草退化草原星毛委陵菜(Potentillaacaulis)种群克隆生长、有性生殖的影响,结果表明:星毛委陵菜匍匐茎长度在轻牧处理最长,而重牧条件下显著缩短;分株密度随放牧强度增加而增加。种群营养枝密度在不放牧与放牧处理之间差异显著,尤其是不放牧与重牧之间,而相邻放牧强度之间差异不显著。星毛委陵菜生殖枝密度在放牧处理间差异不显著,但不放牧与重牧差异显著,与轻牧、中牧差异不显著。种群生殖枝分化率不放牧显著高于中牧和重牧,但与轻牧间差异不显著。随放牧强度的增加,生殖枝上花序数目增加,但差异不显著。

青海省野生资源植物——鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserine L.)的应用研究

鹅绒委陵菜是一种具有匍匐茎的野生多年生草本资源植物,其生态适应性广泛,生长速度快,须根发达,是青海省江河源头植被恢复及草坪业的首选材料;块根藏名为蕨麻,适口性好,且富含多种营养物质及药用成分,对其进行食品产业化和中草药开发具有广阔前景。

Leaf gas exchange and photosynthesis curves of Elymus nutans and Potentilla anserina under fencing and grazing conditions in the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China

Potentilla anserina L.and Elymus nutans Griseb.are dominant species in the subalpine meadows of China.Grazing is one of the most important factors that influence community structure and productivity of subalpine meadows.Understanding how grazing changes photosynthetic capability is essential for preservation and restoration of grasslands.However,information about the effects of grazing on photosynthetic capability remains inadequate.Experiments were conducted in fencing and grazing areas in the Qilian Mountains,Northwest China.The leaf gas exchange and photosynthetic curves of P.anserina and E.nutans were measured at different growth stages.Results showed that grazing decreased the values of leaf gas exchange parameters,such as net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,and intercellular CO2 concentration of P.anserina and E.nutans.In addition,grazing decreased the values of net photosynthetic rate-photosynthetically active radiation(PN-PAR)curve parameters,such as light-saturated net photosynthetic rate,apparent quantum efficiency,light compensation point,light saturation point,and dark respiration rate.Our results demonstrated that grazing was the primary limiting factor for photosynthesis of dominant grassland species in the study area.

Underlying mechanism of protection from hypoxic injury seen with n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. in hippocampal neurons

The alcohol and n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. significantly protects myocardium from acute ischemic injury. However, its effects on rat hippocampal neurons and the mechanism of protection remain unclear. In this study, primary cultured hippocampal neurons from neonatal rats were incubated in 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 4 hours. Results indicated that hypoxic injury decreased the viability of neurons, increased the expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA, as well as cytochrome c, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 protein. Pretreatment with 0.25, 0.062 5, 0.015 6 mg/mL n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. led to a significant increase in cell viability. Expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA, as well as cytochrome c, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 protein, were attenuated. The neuroprotective effect of n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. was equivalent to tanshinone IIA. Our data suggest that the n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. could protect primary hippocampal neurons from hypoxic injury by deactivating mitochondrial cell death.

Modified non-rectangular hyperbola equation with plant height for photosynthetic light-response curves of Potentilla anserina and Elymus nutans at various growth phases in the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China

The non-rectangular hyperbola(NRH)equation is the most popular method that plots the photosynthetic light-response(PLR)curve and helps to identify plant photosynthetic capability.However,the PLR curve can't be plotted well by the NRH equation at different plant growth phases due to the variations of plant development.Recently,plant physiological parameters have been considered into the NRH equation to establish the modified NRH equation,but plant height(H),an important parameter in plant growth phases,is not taken into account.In this study,H was incorporated into the NRH equation to establish the modified NRH equation,which could be used to estimate photosynthetic capability of herbage at different growth phases.To explore photosynthetic capability of herbage,we selected the dominant herbage species Potentilla anserina L.and Elymus nutans Griseb.in the Heihe River Basin,Northwest China as the research materials.Totally,twenty-four PLR curves and H at different growth phases were measured during the growing season in 2016.Results showed that the maximum net photosynthetic rate and the initial slope of PLR curve linearly increased with H.The modified NRH equation,which is established by introducing H and an H-based adjustment factor into the NRH equation,described better the PLR curves of P.anserina and E.nutans than the original ones.The results may provide an effective method to estimate the net primary productivity of grasslands in the study area.

A New Taraxastane-type Triterpenoid from Potentilla multicaulis

A new taraxastane-20β, 28β-epoxy-28-hydroxy-3β, 11 α-diol- 11-p-hydroxylbenzoate was isolated from the roots of Potentilla multicaulis. Its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR techniques.

Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the Clonal Herb, Potentilla fragarioides var. sprengeliana (Rosaceae) in Korea

The genetic diversity and population structure of Potentilla fragarioides var. sprengeliana (Rosaceae) in Korea were investigated using genetic variation at 22 allozyme loci. The percent of polymorphic loci within the enzymes was 59.1%. The genetic diversity at the species level and at the population level was high ( H es =0.210; H ep =0.199, respectively), whereas the extent of the population divergence was relatively low ( G ST =0.074). F IS , a measure of the deviation from random mating within the 19 populations, was 0.331 . An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation ( N m =3.15) indicates that gene flow is high among Korean populations of the species. In addition, analysis of fixation indices revealed a slight heterozygote deficiency in some populations and at some loci. The mean genetic identity between populations was 0.985. It is highly probable that the trend of genetic uniformity in a relatively homogeneous habitat is thought to be operated among Korean populations of P. fragarioides var. sprengeliana .

采收季节对鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina L.)块根总黄酮含量的影响

通过紫外可见光光度法测定了不同季节采收的鹅绒委陵菜块根———蕨麻以及野生蕨麻中的总黄酮含量,结果表明,栽培种和野生种总黄酮含量几乎没有差别;春蕨麻和秋蕨麻的总黄酮含量有较大差异,秋蕨麻的总黄酮含量比春蕨麻高25 8%,从而为蕨麻的最佳收获时间提供了理论依据.

Thin Layer Chromatography and Chemometric Studies of Selected Potentilla Species

Herbal medicinal products have a long-standing therapeutic record. To ensure the quality of herbal products specific identification tests which allow experts to discriminate related species and/or potential adulterants/substitutes are required. The purpose of the research was to recommend an original and simple method for the separation of closely related five triterpenic acids (ursolic, oleanolic, tormentic, euscaphic, pomolic acid) and its application to chemotaxonomy studies. 17 standard samples of Potentilla species and 3 test samples were chromatographed (with or without prechromatographic derivatization) on silica gel plates using the mobile phase: chloroform-diethyl ether-methanol-formic acid (30:10:1:0.2 v/v/v/v);they were subsequently derivatized, and visualized in UV 366 nm light. After images received pre-treatment (montaging stack, removal of noise, background subtract, horizontal equalization, two types of warping) exploratory analysis of the investigated Potentilla species fingerprints was processed. The method without prechromatographic derivatization was used to create differential fingerprints. Good results were obtained by the application of r-project iterative algorithm for subtract background and our simple algorithm for warping to image processing of TLC chromatograms for the first time.

Effects of Fruticosa potentilla L. on Expression of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Key Enzymes and Hormones in T2DM Rats

[Objectives]To study the effects of Fruticosa potentilla L.on the expression of key enzymes and hormones related to glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM rats.[Methods]The ethyl acetate fraction of 95%methanol extract of F.potentilla(MEE)was administered orally to the T2DM rats,and the level of glucose and expression of insulin,resistin,leptin,glucokinase(GK)and glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-Pase)in the rats were measured and detected.[Results]In the T2DM rats administered with MEE,the postprandial blood glucose level decreased,the expression levels of resistin,leptin and G-6-Pase were down-regulated,and the expression levels of insulin and GK were up-regulated(P<0.05,P<0.01).[Conclusions]F.potentilla can reduce effectively postprandial blood glucose level,regulate the expression of a variety of enzymes and hormones related to glucose and lipid metabolism and recover partially the insulin level in T2DM rats to achieve resistance to T2DM.

Potentilla anserina polysaccharide alleviates cadmium-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of H9c2 cells by regulating the MG53-mediated RISK pathway

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in cadmium(Cd)-induced myocardial injury.Mitsugumin 53(MG53)and its mediated reperfusion injury salvage kinase(RISK)pathway have been demonstrated to be closely related to myocardial oxidative damage.Potentilla anserina L.polysaccharide(PAP)is a polysaccharide with antioxidant capacity,which exerts protective effect on Cd-induced damage.However,it remains unknown whether PAP can prevent and treat Cd-induced cardiomyocyte damages.The present study was desgined to explore the effect of PAP on Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells based on MG53 and the mediated RISK pathway.For in vitro evaluation,cell viability and apoptosis rate were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Furthermore,oxidative stress was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)staining and using superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione/oxidized glutathione(GSH/GSSG)kits.The mitochondrial function was measured by JC-10 staining and ATP detection assay.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of proteins related to MG53,the RISK pathway,and apoptosis.The results indicated that Cd increased the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in H9c2 cells.Cd decreased the activities of SOD and CAT and the ratio of GSH/GSSG,resulting in decreases in cell viability and increases in apoptosis.Interestingly,PAP reversed Cd-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.Meanwhile,Cd reduced the expression of MG53 in H9c2 clls and inhibited the RISK pathway,which was mediated by decreasing the ratio of p-Akt^(Ser473)/Akt,p-GSK3β^(Ser9)/GSK3β and p ERK1/2/ERK1/2.In addition,Cd impaired mitochondrial function,which involved a reduction in ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),and an increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2,cytoplasmic cytochrome c/mitochondrial cytochrome c,and Cleaved-Caspase 3/Pro-Caspase 3.Importantly,PAP alleviated Cd-induced MG53 reduction,activated the RISK pathway,and reduced mitochondrial damage.Interestingly,knockdown of MG53 or inhibition of the RISK pathway attenuated the protective effect of PAP in Cd-induced H9c2 cells.In sum,PAP reduces Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells,which is mediated by increasing MG53 expression and activating the RISK pathway.