Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the Clonal Herb, Potentilla fragarioides var. sprengeliana (Rosaceae) in Korea

The genetic diversity and population structure of Potentilla fragarioides var. sprengeliana (Rosaceae) in Korea were investigated using genetic variation at 22 allozyme loci. The percent of polymorphic loci within the enzymes was 59.1%. The genetic diversity at the species level and at the population level was high ( H es =0.210; H ep =0.199, respectively), whereas the extent of the population divergence was relatively low ( G ST =0.074). F IS , a measure of the deviation from random mating within the 19 populations, was 0.331 . An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation ( N m =3.15) indicates that gene flow is high among Korean populations of the species. In addition, analysis of fixation indices revealed a slight heterozygote deficiency in some populations and at some loci. The mean genetic identity between populations was 0.985. It is highly probable that the trend of genetic uniformity in a relatively homogeneous habitat is thought to be operated among Korean populations of P. fragarioides var. sprengeliana .

鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina L.)生物学特性的初步研究

详细描述了鹅绒委陵菜的生物学特性 ,并根据鹅绒委陵菜的生物学特性 ,将其生育期划分为 6个时期 ,即萌发期、基株生长期、匍匐期、花果期。

蕨麻(Potentilla anserina L.)自然资源状况的初步研究

系统地调查了蕨麻(鹅绒委陵菜的块根)的民间使用方法、资源分布规律、生长环境和生物学特性,为今后科学保护和合理开发该资源提供了可靠的理论基础。

青海省野生资源植物——鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserine L.)的应用研究

鹅绒委陵菜是一种具有匍匐茎的野生多年生草本资源植物,其生态适应性广泛,生长速度快,须根发达,是青海省江河源头植被恢复及草坪业的首选材料;块根藏名为蕨麻,适口性好,且富含多种营养物质及药用成分,对其进行食品产业化和中草药开发具有广阔前景。

采收季节对鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina L.)块根总黄酮含量的影响

通过紫外可见光光度法测定了不同季节采收的鹅绒委陵菜块根———蕨麻以及野生蕨麻中的总黄酮含量,结果表明,栽培种和野生种总黄酮含量几乎没有差别;春蕨麻和秋蕨麻的总黄酮含量有较大差异,秋蕨麻的总黄酮含量比春蕨麻高25 8%,从而为蕨麻的最佳收获时间提供了理论依据.

Underlying mechanism of protection from hypoxic injury seen with n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. in hippocampal neurons

The alcohol and n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. significantly protects myocardium from acute ischemic injury. However, its effects on rat hippocampal neurons and the mechanism of protection remain unclear. In this study, primary cultured hippocampal neurons from neonatal rats were incubated in 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 4 hours. Results indicated that hypoxic injury decreased the viability of neurons, increased the expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA, as well as cytochrome c, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 protein. Pretreatment with 0.25, 0.062 5, 0.015 6 mg/mL n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. led to a significant increase in cell viability. Expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA, as well as cytochrome c, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 protein, were attenuated. The neuroprotective effect of n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. was equivalent to tanshinone IIA. Our data suggest that the n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. could protect primary hippocampal neurons from hypoxic injury by deactivating mitochondrial cell death.

Effects of Fruticosa potentilla L. on Expression of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Key Enzymes and Hormones in T2DM Rats

[Objectives]To study the effects of Fruticosa potentilla L.on the expression of key enzymes and hormones related to glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM rats.[Methods]The ethyl acetate fraction of 95%methanol extract of F.potentilla(MEE)was administered orally to the T2DM rats,and the level of glucose and expression of insulin,resistin,leptin,glucokinase(GK)and glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-Pase)in the rats were measured and detected.[Results]In the T2DM rats administered with MEE,the postprandial blood glucose level decreased,the expression levels of resistin,leptin and G-6-Pase were down-regulated,and the expression levels of insulin and GK were up-regulated(P<0.05,P<0.01).[Conclusions]F.potentilla can reduce effectively postprandial blood glucose level,regulate the expression of a variety of enzymes and hormones related to glucose and lipid metabolism and recover partially the insulin level in T2DM rats to achieve resistance to T2DM.

藏药蕨麻的化学成分UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS分析

蕨麻不仅是藏区百姓的传统食品,还是藏医习用药材,本试验以西藏拉萨市蕨麻块根为原料,使用液质联用法对蕨麻进行活性成分快速定性研究。用80%甲醇进行提取,采用Waters Xevo G2-XS QTOF高分辨质谱进行分析;色谱条件为Waters BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm),以0.1%-甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相梯度洗脱(0~2 min,5%~10%B;2~10 min,10%~20%B;10~15 min,72%~100%B;15~71 min,2%~100%B;71~72 min,2%B),流速0.3 mL/min,进样量3μL;质谱条件为电喷雾离子源(ESI),检测范围m/z 50~1000,负离子模式采集。鉴定解谱得出27个化合物,其中含五对同分异构体,负模式下则鉴定黄酮类化合物21个、三萜类化合物6个。本研究为鉴别藏药蕨麻的化学成分提供一种准确快速的方法,为蕨麻在药品与食品领域的利用开发提供理论基础。

蕨麻多糖的提取及对CCl_4急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的观察蕨麻多糖对CCl_4致急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用。方法60只昆明种小鼠按随机数字表分为6组,分别为正常对照组、CCl_4模型对照组、联苯双酯组、蕨麻多糖低、中、高剂量组(200、400、800 mg/kg)。给药7 d后用0.1%的CCl_4灌胃,建立实验性急性肝损伤模型,观察体重、脾脏系数、肝脏系数及血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性。结果蕨麻多糖能明显降低CCl_4肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT、AST的活性(P<0.05),且与剂量呈负相关。结论蕨麻多糖对小鼠CCl_4肝损伤有良好的保护作用。

蕨麻化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

目的综述近年来蕨麻化学成分及药理作用的研究报道,为蕨麻资源的深入开发和利用提供参考。方法查阅国内外相关文献并进行分析和总结。结果蕨麻含有三萜类、黄酮类、酚类、多糖类等多种化学成分和营养物质,具有抗氧化、抗缺氧、保肝、抗病毒、调节免疫、抗肿瘤、降血糖等多种药理作用。结论蕨麻作为传统的药食两用类药材,在食品、药品、保健品方面具有广阔的应用前景,但目前开发的产品种类相对较少,还需要更深入的研究。

莓叶委陵菜化学成分含量分析

本研究对民间传统中药莓叶委陵菜提取物的主要化学成分进行了系统分析,建立了莓叶委陵菜中三种主要化学成分(E)-caffeoylisocitric acid、(+)-儿茶素、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸的HPLC含量测定方法。研究结果显示莓叶委陵菜中3种主要成分均呈良好的线性关系(r≥0.999),平均加样回收率(n=6)为103.15%~103.90%(RSD<3%,n=6)。用该法测得莓叶委陵菜中的(E)-caffeoylisocitric acid(1)、(+)-儿茶素(2)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(3)含量分别为1.67 mg/g、0.20 mg/g以及0.95 mg/g。该含量测定方法操作简便,重复性好,结果准确可靠,可用于莓叶委陵菜中药材及其相关制剂的质量控制与评价。

莓叶委陵菜黄酮与三萜类成分提纯与HPLC条件的初步研究

在适宜的工艺条件下,即采70%乙醇,料液比为1:25,5次回流,水浴回流时间为2h,对莓叶委陵菜(Potentilla fra-garioides)中黄酮类、三萜类化合物进行了粗提取,经大孔树脂纯化,得到精制黄酮类、三萜类化合物溶液。然后探究其高效液相色谱分析的条件并在此条件下进行定性定量分析。结果表明:在流动相为乙腈和0.2%冰醋酸(体积比60:40),流量为1.0mL/min,检测波长为280nm的色谱条件下,样品溶液与标准溶液的峰均较好,且峰形对称,芦丁和熊果酸有不同的Rf值,说明两者在此条件下可以很好的分离。该方法测定简便,分离效果好,重复性好,灵敏度高。

NaCl和Na_2SO_4对金露梅叶片胁迫效应

以不同浓度(0,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0%)NaCl和Na2SO4溶液分别处理金露梅(Potentillafruticosa L.)2年生盆栽扦插苗,测定盐胁迫第7、13天后金露梅叶片的各项生理生化指标,为盐碱地区研究和开发具有耐盐性的野生花灌木提供参考依据。结果表明:在NaCl和Na2SO4胁迫下,随盐胁迫强度的增加和盐胁迫时间的延长,金露梅叶片的细胞膜透性,丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸含量均呈增加的趋势;可溶性蛋白含量随盐浓度的增加呈先增后降的趋势,随盐处理时间延长而有所下降。Na2SO4对金露梅的盐害超过NaCl的盐害。

藏药蕨麻的本草考证

目的对藏药蕨麻进行本草考证,为藏药蕨麻的合理开发和利用提供理论依据。方法通过查阅、整理历代有关蕨麻的本草记载,对始载本草、名称及药用历史进行系统研究。结果众多本草古籍中均有关于蕨麻的药食记载,且本草专著记载蕨麻全草及块根均可入药,全草有收敛止血、补血益气、生津利痰的功效;块根具有生津止渴、健脾益胃、收敛止血、止咳、利痰、益气补血的功效,主治吐血、下血、疟疾、脾虚腹泻、下痢等症。但现行标准记载其药用部位为其干燥地下部分。结论近现代对蕨麻药用部位及药理作用的研究与古代存在差异,需要对蕨麻叶和全草的活性成分进一步深入研究,以便开发、利用蕨麻药用资源。

春季和秋季莓叶委陵菜叶片和地下部分芦丁及儿茶素含量的HPLC分析

Contents of rutin and catechin in leaves and under-ground part of Potentilla fragarioides L.in spring and autumn were determined by HPLC technology.The results show that in spring,rutin content in leaves and under-ground part of P.fragarioides is 1.670 3 and 0.054 4 mg·g-1,and catechin content is 0.263 5 and 0.723 5 mg·g-1,respectively.In autumn,rutin content is 0.586 9 and 0.010 7 mg·g-1,and catechin content is 0.784 3 and 0.366 4 mg·g-1,respectively.The rutin content in leaves is the highest in spring,and catechin content in leaves is the highest in autumn.Therefore,collecting leaves in spring is suitable for taking rutin as a purpose,while collecting leaves in autumn is suitable for taking catechin as a purpose.

HPLC法同时测定仙鹤草及委陵菜提取物中4种黄酮类成分的含量

目的:建立同时测定仙鹤草及近缘植物委陵菜提取物中山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷、汉黄芩素、木犀草素和芹菜素的HPLC法,并比较两种提取物中各成分的含量差异。方法:采用HPLC法,Hypersil ODS C_(18)(250×4.6 mm,5μm),0.2%醋酸水(A)-乙腈(B)进行梯度洗脱:0～12 min,15%B～43%B;12～18 min,43%B～58%B;18～30 min,58%B～80%B;30～35 min,80%B～90%B;35～42 min,90%B～15%B;检测波长:265 nm,流速:1 ml·min^(-1);柱温:30℃。结果:山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷、汉黄芩素、木犀草素和芹菜素分别在2.385～95.400μg·ml^(-1)、6.092～243.700μg·ml^(-1)、4.187～167.500μg·ml^(-1)和4.635～185.400μg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 6、0.999 8、0.999 7、0.999 6)。仙鹤草中上述4种成分的平均回收率分别为99.47%(RSD=1.27%)、99.18%(RSD=1.26%)、99.38%(RSD=1.37%)和98.99%(RSD=1.66%),委陵菜中木犀草素和芹菜素的平均回收率分别为98.45%(RSD=1.31%)、98.83%(RSD=1.20%)。仙鹤草提取物中山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷、汉黄芩素、木犀草素和芹菜素的含量分别为2.172 0 mg·g^(-1)、6.363 0 mg·g^(-1)、4.215 0 mg·g^(-1)和4.499 0 mg·g^(-1),而委陵菜提取物中仅能检测到木犀草素和芹菜素,含量分别为5.248 0 mg·g^(-1)和5.757 0 mg·g^(-1),此二者含量均显著高于仙鹤草中的含量。结论:该方法准确、可靠,重复性好,可用于仙鹤草及委陵菜提取物的质量评价与控制标准。

Polysaccharide-rich extract of Potentilla anserina ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in free fatty acid-induced HepG2 cells and high-fat/sugar diet-fed mice

Potentilla anserina L.(PA)belongs to the Rosaceae family,is a common edible plant in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau areas of China.This study elucidates the mechanism upon which crude polysaccharide of PA(PAP)on fat accumulation in HepG2 cells stimulated by oleic acid(OA)and high fat high sugar induced mice.The result revealed that PAP inhibited lipid accumulation in obese mice and ameliorated the degree of damage in OA-induced HepG2 cells.Specifically,compared to the control group,the TG and TC levels were decreased in cells and mice serum,the aspartate transaminase and alamine aminotransferase contents were declined in liver of obese mice by PAP treatment.The expressions of adipogenic genes of SREBP-1c,C/EBPα,PPARγ,and FAS were inhibited after PAP treatment.Moreover,PAP increased the mRNA levels of CPT-1 and PPARα,which were involved in fatty acid oxidation.The present results indicated the PAP could alleviate the damage of liver associated with obesity and PAP treatment might provide a dietary therapeutic option for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

青藏高原主产地蕨麻营养成分分析与综合评价

目的测定青藏高原4个主产地蕨麻的营养成分,并对其品质进行综合评价。方法采用SPSS 19.0分别对青藏高原4个主产地蕨麻的营养成分进行方差多重比较分析、主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和聚类分析(hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA),并对蕨麻品质进行综合评价。结果4个不同主产地蕨麻中部分产地蕨麻的各营养成分之间差异显著(P<0.05),普遍具有高膳食纤维(平均含量>6 g/100 g)、低脂肪和低饱和脂肪(平均含量分别<3 g/100 g和<1.5 g/100 g)、极低钠(平均含量<40 mg/100 g)、氨基酸组成接近联合国粮食及农业组织和世界卫生组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization,FAO/WHO)的理想模式、脂肪酸种类丰富(含10种主要脂肪酸)、富含多种矿物质元素[平均Fe、Mg、K含量≥30%营养素参考值(nutrient reference values,NRV)]等特点。其中青海蕨麻为高蛋白食品(平均含量>20%NRV),四川和西藏蕨麻含有多种维生素(平均维生素B_(1)、维生素B_(2)、叶酸含量≥15%NRV)。PCA综合评价结果表明青海蕨麻排名第一,HCA将4个不同主产地蕨麻分为3类,第Ⅰ类蕨麻综合品质相对更好。结论蕨麻具有良好的营养价值和开发前景,青海蕨麻营养品质最佳,可为其质量控制提供依据。

金露梅中一种α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的提取富集及活性研究

本研究采用AB-8大孔吸附树脂、半制备高效液相色谱对金露梅枝叶中槲皮素-7-O-β-D-葡糖苷酸提取分离,并通过13 C NMR鉴定其化学结构,最后采用以4-硝基酚-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(pNPG)为底物的酶抑制剂筛选模型检测其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性和类型。结果显示:槲皮素-7-O-β-D-葡糖苷酸分布在20%乙醇大孔吸附树脂(AB-8)洗脱液中,采用半制备高效液相色谱和高效液相色谱分离纯化得槲皮素-7-O-β-D-葡糖苷酸2481.8 mg,纯度为97.95%。活性检测结果表明,槲皮素-7-O-β-D-葡糖苷酸对α-葡萄糖苷酶的最大抑制率为94.67%,IC 50为0.259 mmol/L,抑制率显著高于阳性对照药物阿卡波糖,且抑制剂类型为竞争性抑制。

Potentilla anserina polysaccharide alleviates cadmium-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of H9c2 cells by regulating the MG53-mediated RISK pathway

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in cadmium(Cd)-induced myocardial injury.Mitsugumin 53(MG53)and its mediated reperfusion injury salvage kinase(RISK)pathway have been demonstrated to be closely related to myocardial oxidative damage.Potentilla anserina L.polysaccharide(PAP)is a polysaccharide with antioxidant capacity,which exerts protective effect on Cd-induced damage.However,it remains unknown whether PAP can prevent and treat Cd-induced cardiomyocyte damages.The present study was desgined to explore the effect of PAP on Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells based on MG53 and the mediated RISK pathway.For in vitro evaluation,cell viability and apoptosis rate were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Furthermore,oxidative stress was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)staining and using superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione/oxidized glutathione(GSH/GSSG)kits.The mitochondrial function was measured by JC-10 staining and ATP detection assay.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of proteins related to MG53,the RISK pathway,and apoptosis.The results indicated that Cd increased the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in H9c2 cells.Cd decreased the activities of SOD and CAT and the ratio of GSH/GSSG,resulting in decreases in cell viability and increases in apoptosis.Interestingly,PAP reversed Cd-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.Meanwhile,Cd reduced the expression of MG53 in H9c2 clls and inhibited the RISK pathway,which was mediated by decreasing the ratio of p-Akt^(Ser473)/Akt,p-GSK3β^(Ser9)/GSK3β and p ERK1/2/ERK1/2.In addition,Cd impaired mitochondrial function,which involved a reduction in ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),and an increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2,cytoplasmic cytochrome c/mitochondrial cytochrome c,and Cleaved-Caspase 3/Pro-Caspase 3.Importantly,PAP alleviated Cd-induced MG53 reduction,activated the RISK pathway,and reduced mitochondrial damage.Interestingly,knockdown of MG53 or inhibition of the RISK pathway attenuated the protective effect of PAP in Cd-induced H9c2 cells.In sum,PAP reduces Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells,which is mediated by increasing MG53 expression and activating the RISK pathway.