Currently,artificial-membrane lungs consist of thousands of hollow fiber membranes where blood flows around the fibers and gas flows inside the fibers,achieving diffusive gas exchange.At both ends of the fibers,the in...Currently,artificial-membrane lungs consist of thousands of hollow fiber membranes where blood flows around the fibers and gas flows inside the fibers,achieving diffusive gas exchange.At both ends of the fibers,the interspaces between the hollow fiber membranes and the plastic housing are filled with glue to separate the gas from the blood phase.During a uniaxial centrifugation process,the glue forms the“potting.”The shape of the cured potting is then determined by the centrifugation process,limiting design possibilities and leading to unfavorable stagnation zones associated with blood clotting.In this study,a new multiaxial centrifugation process was developed,expanding the possible shapes of the potting and allowing for completely new module designs with potentially superior blood flow guidance within the potting margins.Two-phase simulations of the process in conceptual artificial lungs were performed to explore the possibilities of a biaxial centrifugation process and determine suitable parameter sets.A corresponding biaxial centrifugation setup was built to prove feasibility and experimentally validate four conceptual designs,resulting in good agreement with the simulations.In summary,this study shows the feasibility of a multiaxial centrifugation process allowing greater variety in potting shapes,eliminating inefficient stagnation zones and more favorable blood flow conditions in artificial lungs.展开更多
Spruce (Picea Smithiana) is an evergreen tree and distributed through the temperate Himalaya at the elevation of 2000 - 3500 m. Natural regeneration of spruce (Picea smithiana) is generally slow and almost negligible ...Spruce (Picea Smithiana) is an evergreen tree and distributed through the temperate Himalaya at the elevation of 2000 - 3500 m. Natural regeneration of spruce (Picea smithiana) is generally slow and almost negligible due to a number of factors e.g. presence of un decomposed raw humus on forest floor low germinative capacity of seed and infrequent good seed years. In order to supplement natural regeneration through artificial means, nursery raising assumes significance. The present study aimed at optimizing the root trainer container size and the potting mixture ingredients and their proportion for the production of quality nursery stock of Picea smithiana. Nine combinations of potting mixture ingredients (Forest Soil, Garden Soil, Sand, FYM and Lake weed) were tested in various ratios for the optimization of potty mixture in different root trainer sizes. Simultaneously, three different volumes (150cc, 250cc and 300cc) of root trainers were tested for suitability of container size. Chemical and physical analysis of potting mixture ingredients was carried out for better understanding of nutrient status. The best seedling growth at seven month age in terms of height (5.53 cm), Collar diameter (1.57 mm), fresh shoot weight (0.34 g), dry shoot weight (0.10 g), fresh root weight (0.27 g) , dry root weight (0.03 g), root shoot ratio(2:52), and total fresh biomass (0.61 g) were observed when seedlings were raised in root trainer container size (300cc) filled with potting mixture of (M8) Soil:Sand:FYM (1:1:2) and the lowest growth parameters were observed in root trainer container size (150cc) filled with forest soil only. Plantable quality seedlings can be recovered within a period of 7 months using potting mixture of Soil, Sand and FYM (1:1:2) and Soil, Sand and Lake weed (1:1:2) ratios in root trainer container size 300cc.展开更多
通过揭示渭河干流洪水演变趋势与变异特征,为流域防洪减灾和水资源管理提供参考。考虑日径流特征对洪水序列分析的影响,基于渭河干流6个典型水文站点1990—2020年逐日流量资料,采用块极值模型(Block Maxima Model,BMM)、超阈值峰量模型...通过揭示渭河干流洪水演变趋势与变异特征,为流域防洪减灾和水资源管理提供参考。考虑日径流特征对洪水序列分析的影响,基于渭河干流6个典型水文站点1990—2020年逐日流量资料,采用块极值模型(Block Maxima Model,BMM)、超阈值峰量模型、Mann-Kendall检验和Pettitt突变检验分析洪水演变趋势与变异特征。结果表明:渭河干流洪水发生的时间和空间尺度上存在差异,时间尺度上,在1990—1993年、2003—2005年、2011—2013年及2018—2020年洪水出现频率较高;空间尺度上,渭河中下游地区发生洪水灾害频率较高。年最大洪峰流量总体上呈现增加趋势,超定量洪水发生次数呈减少趋势,洪水指标序列的变异点存在集聚性。研究结果可为流域防洪安全和水资源开发利用提供依据,助力流域高质量发展。展开更多
边坡预警指标的实时估计与诊断是实现边坡安全监控、预防边坡演变为滑坡的重要手段。安全预警注重考虑极端事件,其关键在于能否准确进行效应量序列分位数分析及刻画其尾部特征。基于极值理论中超阈值(Peaks over Threshold,POT)模型,分...边坡预警指标的实时估计与诊断是实现边坡安全监控、预防边坡演变为滑坡的重要手段。安全预警注重考虑极端事件,其关键在于能否准确进行效应量序列分位数分析及刻画其尾部特征。基于极值理论中超阈值(Peaks over Threshold,POT)模型,分时段考虑边坡位移监测序列,借助Hill图法拟定合理的阈值,再利用广义帕累托分布(Generalized Pareto Distribution,GPD)对超阈值序列进行拟合分析,渐进地刻画位移序列分布的尾部特征,分析其抵御已经历荷载的能力。假定边坡失事概率,得到位移预警指标实时估计序列,挖掘或评估出该边坡面临可能发生极端荷载时的抵御能力。最后基于突变理论中尖点突变模型对位移预警指标实时估计序列进行突变诊断,结合具体边坡工程实例,验证了POT-突变理论混合模型的合理性。展开更多
文摘Currently,artificial-membrane lungs consist of thousands of hollow fiber membranes where blood flows around the fibers and gas flows inside the fibers,achieving diffusive gas exchange.At both ends of the fibers,the interspaces between the hollow fiber membranes and the plastic housing are filled with glue to separate the gas from the blood phase.During a uniaxial centrifugation process,the glue forms the“potting.”The shape of the cured potting is then determined by the centrifugation process,limiting design possibilities and leading to unfavorable stagnation zones associated with blood clotting.In this study,a new multiaxial centrifugation process was developed,expanding the possible shapes of the potting and allowing for completely new module designs with potentially superior blood flow guidance within the potting margins.Two-phase simulations of the process in conceptual artificial lungs were performed to explore the possibilities of a biaxial centrifugation process and determine suitable parameter sets.A corresponding biaxial centrifugation setup was built to prove feasibility and experimentally validate four conceptual designs,resulting in good agreement with the simulations.In summary,this study shows the feasibility of a multiaxial centrifugation process allowing greater variety in potting shapes,eliminating inefficient stagnation zones and more favorable blood flow conditions in artificial lungs.
文摘Spruce (Picea Smithiana) is an evergreen tree and distributed through the temperate Himalaya at the elevation of 2000 - 3500 m. Natural regeneration of spruce (Picea smithiana) is generally slow and almost negligible due to a number of factors e.g. presence of un decomposed raw humus on forest floor low germinative capacity of seed and infrequent good seed years. In order to supplement natural regeneration through artificial means, nursery raising assumes significance. The present study aimed at optimizing the root trainer container size and the potting mixture ingredients and their proportion for the production of quality nursery stock of Picea smithiana. Nine combinations of potting mixture ingredients (Forest Soil, Garden Soil, Sand, FYM and Lake weed) were tested in various ratios for the optimization of potty mixture in different root trainer sizes. Simultaneously, three different volumes (150cc, 250cc and 300cc) of root trainers were tested for suitability of container size. Chemical and physical analysis of potting mixture ingredients was carried out for better understanding of nutrient status. The best seedling growth at seven month age in terms of height (5.53 cm), Collar diameter (1.57 mm), fresh shoot weight (0.34 g), dry shoot weight (0.10 g), fresh root weight (0.27 g) , dry root weight (0.03 g), root shoot ratio(2:52), and total fresh biomass (0.61 g) were observed when seedlings were raised in root trainer container size (300cc) filled with potting mixture of (M8) Soil:Sand:FYM (1:1:2) and the lowest growth parameters were observed in root trainer container size (150cc) filled with forest soil only. Plantable quality seedlings can be recovered within a period of 7 months using potting mixture of Soil, Sand and FYM (1:1:2) and Soil, Sand and Lake weed (1:1:2) ratios in root trainer container size 300cc.
文摘通过揭示渭河干流洪水演变趋势与变异特征,为流域防洪减灾和水资源管理提供参考。考虑日径流特征对洪水序列分析的影响,基于渭河干流6个典型水文站点1990—2020年逐日流量资料,采用块极值模型(Block Maxima Model,BMM)、超阈值峰量模型、Mann-Kendall检验和Pettitt突变检验分析洪水演变趋势与变异特征。结果表明:渭河干流洪水发生的时间和空间尺度上存在差异,时间尺度上,在1990—1993年、2003—2005年、2011—2013年及2018—2020年洪水出现频率较高;空间尺度上,渭河中下游地区发生洪水灾害频率较高。年最大洪峰流量总体上呈现增加趋势,超定量洪水发生次数呈减少趋势,洪水指标序列的变异点存在集聚性。研究结果可为流域防洪安全和水资源开发利用提供依据,助力流域高质量发展。
文摘边坡预警指标的实时估计与诊断是实现边坡安全监控、预防边坡演变为滑坡的重要手段。安全预警注重考虑极端事件,其关键在于能否准确进行效应量序列分位数分析及刻画其尾部特征。基于极值理论中超阈值(Peaks over Threshold,POT)模型,分时段考虑边坡位移监测序列,借助Hill图法拟定合理的阈值,再利用广义帕累托分布(Generalized Pareto Distribution,GPD)对超阈值序列进行拟合分析,渐进地刻画位移序列分布的尾部特征,分析其抵御已经历荷载的能力。假定边坡失事概率,得到位移预警指标实时估计序列,挖掘或评估出该边坡面临可能发生极端荷载时的抵御能力。最后基于突变理论中尖点突变模型对位移预警指标实时估计序列进行突变诊断,结合具体边坡工程实例,验证了POT-突变理论混合模型的合理性。
