Land Remediation Projects in Poverty-stricken Counties in Tibetan Areas Promoting Poverty Alleviation——A Case Study of Songpan County,Sichuan Province

Songpan County is a poverty-stricken county in the four provinces of China,one of the concentrated areas in China. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of land consolidation in Songpan County to promote poverty alleviation and development through specific cases. The results show that land remediation has improved agricultural production conditions,promoted agricultural efficiency,increased farmers' income,improved rural living conditions,promoted the development of urban and rural integration,improved the ecological environment,solved the problem that restricts the survival and development of poverty-stricken areas,enhanced the ability of farmers to develop themselves,raised the level of civilization in rural areas,and promoted poverty alleviation and development. The poverty alleviation and development has provided certain financial support for land remediation. It has promoted land remediation,and pointed out key directions for land remediation. It has an indirect promotion effect on land remediation.

Poverty Alleviation through Employment Promotion in Extreme Poverty-stricken Areas in Western China: A Case Study of Targeted Poverty Alleviation through Employment Promotion in Awang Town,Dongchuan District

Poverty alleviation through employment promotion is to promote the poor households to get rid of poverty through promoting employment to increase income. It is the most effective and direct way out of poverty. Dongchuan District, located in the alpine valley area of northeastern Yunnan, is a typical extreme poverty-stricken county in China. Under its jurisdiction, Awang Town is a mountainous township with a wide area of poverty and an extreme poverty. The incidence of poverty in 2015 reached 35.39%. In recent years, through the implementation of various policies to combat poverty, combined with the advantages as a traditional "hometown of migrant labor", focusing on employment- promoting poverty alleviation work, Awang Town has made certain achievements in poverty alleviation work. By the end of 2018, the poverty rate in the town fell to 0.57%, marking a major victory in the town s fight against poverty. Through field investigations, this article summarizes the main practices of Awang Town to carry out employment-promoting targeted poverty alleviation, analyzes the poverty alleviation achievements and successful experience of the town s employment-promoting targeted poverty alleviation work and discusses the promotion and application of this model so as to provide reference Yunnan Province and other poverty-stricken areas to carry out employment-promoting poverty alleviation.

Multi-level Cooperation and Complementary Advantage Poverty Alleviation Model in Poverty-Stricken Counties of Tibetan Areas:A Case Study of Songpan County in Sichuan Province

Songpan County is a poverty-stricken county in Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province,it belongs to a concentrated poverty-stricken area in China.Through summarizing the specific conditions of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model in Songpan County,this paper analyzed the effect of this model.Through the analysis on the cooperative poverty alleviation model(eastern-western cooperation,provincial targeted assistance,county-wide"four-leading and four-assistance"inner-party assistance,social force"10000 enterprises helping 10000 villages",and"visiting every household and keeping every person busy"),it summarized the implementation and actual results of each level.In addition,it summarized the problems encountered in the implementation process of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model and came up with recommendations.With the aid of this successful multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model,Songpan County has achieved a decisive victory in the fight against poverty.At the end of April 2019,the poverty rate in the whole region fell to 0.45%,and it successfully took off the poverty hat.This paper analyzed and refined the specific practice,main achievements,successful experience,implications and reference significance of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model,to provide necessary references for innovation of poverty alleviation model in poverty-stricken Tibetan areas,or even other similar provinces and regions.

From anti-poverty to revitalization: Exploring the path of sustainable development in poverty-stricken areas

On the basis of analyzing the internal logic of rural revitalization and targeted poverty alleviation, it has made a path analysis of the decision-making to overcome poverty and effectively strengthen the rural revitalization. Grasping the internal unity of Marxism and the socialist theory system with Chinese characteristics, profoundly expounding the 'comprehensive' rural revitalization and 'concentration'targeted poverty alleviation, 'long-term' rural revitalization and 'stage' targeted poverty alleviation, and'active' rural revitalization Corresponding to the 'passive' targeted poverty alleviation, it corresponds to the philosophical logic of the materialist dialectic, the law of the unity of opposites, the law of mutual change of quality, and the law of negation of negation. It points out the path of targeted poverty alleviation work under the rural revitalization strategy: scientifically compiling the functional spatial planning of poor rural areas;party building leads the transformation of concepts;industrial development is expanding in depth;and public services are advancing to market.

Industrial Poverty Alleviation Model in Deep Poverty-stricken Villages in the Dry-hot Valley of Jinsha River: A Case Study of Poverty Alleviation in the Green Prickleyash Planting Industry in Laopingzi Village,Luquan County

Industrial poverty alleviation is the core of poverty alleviation in rural areas of China,and it is the fundamental way for the rural poor to achieve stable income and poverty alleviation. Laopingzi Village,Jiaopingdu Town,Luquan County,Kunming County,Yunnan Province,located in the dry-hot valley area of Jinsha River,has become a typical deep poverty-stricken village due to its special natural conditions.In recent years,in the battle to win the fight against poverty,the people of Laopingzi Village have achieved a virtuous cycle of the ecological environment and an access to get rid of poverty and get rich through vigorously developing green prickleyash planting industry. By the end of 2018,the incidence of poverty in Laopingzi Village Committee dropped from 45. 62% in 2014 to 1. 11%,and the green prickleyash planting industry had achieved remarkable results in poverty alleviation. This article summarizes the specific practices of developing the green prickleyash planting industry in the village,analyzes the main results and successful experiences of the mode and discusses the inspiration of the implementation of green prickleyash cultivation on industrial poverty alleviation,so as to provide an effective practical example for the development and poverty alleviation of poverty-stricken areas.

Land Use Regionalization in Poor Counties in Mountainous Areas Based on Targeted Poverty Alleviation

Land use regionalization is a strategic measure for the rational use,management and protection of land resources based on local conditions.Based on the needs of targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization strategy and the analysis on the natural and socioeconomic conditions,characteristics of land resources,and the current status of land use in Luquan County,corresponding regionalization indices were selected from four aspects:economic environment conditions,socioeconomic conditions,land resources and land use structure,and poverty alleviation and development level,a scientific and feasible index system for land use regionalization was constructed,and land use in Luquan County was regionalized by using systematic cluster analysis method.The results show that the 16 townships(towns)of Luquan County were divided into four land use regions,poverty alleviation region for development of new town and characteristic industries in the southwest(I),agricultural development and ecological poverty alleviation region in central mountainous area(II),poverty alleviation region for development of characteristic agriculture and tourism towns in eastern plateau mountainous area(III),and poverty alleviation region for development of characteristic industries and protection of land economy in the northern alpine valley area(IV).In addition,suggestions were put forward for the rational use of land in each region.

Poverty Alleviation in the Poor Mountainous Areas of Western China by Supporting Industry: A Case Study of Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County in Yunnan Province

Poverty alleviation by supporting industry is a key measure to promote the poverty alleviation of relocated households. Taking Xundian County, the first county in Yunnan Province that has been lifted out of poverty, as an research case, this article analyzes and summarizes the industry-supporting poverty alleviation achievements and successful experience of two typical relocation areas (Shanhou Village and Eyang Village) in Xundian County. Practice has shown that the key to industry-supporting poverty alleviation lies in targetedness to strengthen the participation of poor farmers in industrial development. The interests of poverty alleviation entities should be linked by market mechanism to establish a benign interaction between all parties for win-win situation, thereby effectively guaranteeing the long-term and healthy development of poverty alleviation by supporting industry.

构建过渡期后农村低收入人口帮扶机制--脱贫攻坚的经验与对农村低收入人口帮扶的启示

脱贫攻坚战的全面胜利使农村贫困群体成功摆脱了绝对贫困的困境。在过渡期后如何构建农村低收入人口帮扶机制是全面实现共同富裕的关键性议题。农村低收入人口帮扶工作将会是一项长期的任务,需要紧密结合实际情况,采取更加科学和针对性的措施,为低收入人口提供外部推力,以确保他们能够实现持续增收和稳定的生活水平。借鉴脱贫攻坚时期对贫困户的帮扶经验,可从延续并优化组织体系、继续坚持精准帮扶方略、继续培育低收入人口持续发展的内生动力等方面构建出过渡期后低收入人口帮扶机制。

脱贫地区劳动密集型产业高质量发展的战略选择

促进脱贫地区劳动密集型产业高质量发展,是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、全面推进乡村振兴的重要途径。基于对新疆、江苏、安徽、云南、贵州等省(区)包括纺织服装、电子产品组装、毛绒玩具、毛发制品、箱包鞋帽袜、食品加工等在内的劳动密集型产业的调研发现:得益于脱贫攻坚期间高强度的政策支持,脱贫地区劳动密集型产业实现了从无到有的跨步,部分地区产业体系初步建立,并创新形成了一批可复制可推广的发展模式。但总体上看,脱贫地区劳动密集型产业仍处于起步阶段,小散弱、韧性不足、竞争力不强等问题突出,尤其是受限于基础条件、经济下行压力等外部约束,当前存续和发展压力前所未有。为此,需要牢牢把握“创核、接链、建节”的战略思路,抓好落实“遴选产业类型、优化区域布局、促进产业升级、创新发展模式、加强主体培育”五大重点任务,强化顶层设计,优化配套政策,推动脱贫地区劳动密集型产业高质量发展。

基于定位大数据的中国集中连片特困区人口流动空间格局及其影响因素分析

14个集中连片特困区(简称“贫困片区”)是我国人口流动剧烈区域之一,目前关于揭示贫困片区人口流动规律的研究尚不多见。该文利用2019年春节前后实时动态腾讯定位大数据与社会经济指标构建地理加权回归模型并进行耦合分析,揭示14个贫困片区人口流动的空间格局及其影响机制。结果表明:①总体上贫困片区人口流出明显,呈现出东、中部片区人口流出活跃,西部片区人口流入一般活跃的格局,且东、中部片区的净流出量明显高于西部片区的净流入量。②教育资源供需矛盾、三次产业发展以及贫困人口数对人口流动的影响较大,其中,二、三产业发展是吸引人口流入的主要因素,而教育资源供给矛盾、贫困人口多、第一产业附加值低是人口流出的主要影响因素。③东、中部片区人口流出主要缘于贫困人口基数大、教育资源不足,西部片区人口流入主要受二、三产业就业机会多的影响。最后提出贫困片区在乡村振兴阶段的发展建议。

民族地区易地扶贫搬迁点人口教育帮扶模式:特点、挑战与转向

教育帮扶作为助力民族地区贫困搬迁人口实现生计减贫脱贫的重要举措,是能够从根本上阻断贫困代际传递的治本之策。通过对民族地区易地扶贫搬迁点被动输血式和主动造血式的两种教育帮扶模式分析,发现易地扶贫搬迁点教育帮扶具有目的的直接性、对象的精准性、内容的生计性、方式的激励性等特征,但依然面临着贫困家庭补偿教育难以维系可持续性生计、输血式教育供给难以改变教育落后实际现状、现有社区发展模式难以促进教育可持续发展的挑战。在开启“十四五”历史新转向背景之下,民族地区易地扶贫搬迁点人口教育帮扶也势必从个体补偿教育向区域高质量教育均衡发展转向,从外力供给教育帮扶向教育内生发展能力提升转向,从“搬得出、稳得住”的政策设计向“过得好、能致富”的制度保障转向,继而为实现民族地区高质量均衡发展提供新的契机。

张家港市善港村老年居民慢性病共病现状及人群分布特征分析

目的:分析江苏省张家港市善港村60岁及以上老年居民慢性病共病现状及人群分布特征,为优化该地区乃至全国农村地区老年慢性病共病管理策略提供参考。方法:收集2020年该地区1849名60岁及以上老年居民健康体检数据,对其慢性病共病患病率进行描述性统计分析,运用χ^(2)检验分析不同特征老年居民的患病情况。结果:研究对象慢性病患病率为86.5%,共病率55.2%,患病率最高的慢性病共病组合为腰椎骨量减少+高血压组(14.3%),不同性别、BMI以及慢病管理情况的老年人慢性病共病情况的差异具有统计学意义。结论:张家港市农村老年居民慢性病共病问题需引起重视,高血压和腰椎骨量减少为该地应重点防治的慢性病,女性、超重或肥胖居民应作为重点防治对象,建议采取综合防治措施,优化慢病管理策略。

中国西部少数民族地区人口的贫困原因及其政策启示

中国的少数民族人口主要分布在生态环境恶劣、经济社会发展落后的西部地区,这些地区同时也是贫困人口分布最多的区域。本文首先从地域、人口增长以及国家扶贫战绩几方面分析了西部少数民族地区人口与贫困在地域上的重合性,进而从区域发展、社会公平和政策效果以及贫困人口的人文因素等方面分析了造成少数民族地区人口贫困的原因,认为虽然造成区域性少数民族贫困状况的主要原因来自于区域发展的滞后,但在摆脱贫困的难易方面,政府提供的脱贫服务和民族人口的人文制约因素则起着更为重大的作用。

新疆农村贫困人口卫生服务利用与医疗救助现状分析

目的:了解新疆农村贫困人口健康状况,分析新疆农村医疗救助制度试点现状,为完善新疆农村贫困医疗救助制度提供客观依据。方法:利用2008年新疆第四次卫生服务调查数据,运用访谈法收集有关农村贫困医疗救助的统计资料。结果:因病致贫是新疆农村贫困的重要原因之一,新疆农村贫困人口以少数民族为主占97.2%。贫困人口卫生服务需求量和利用量低于全国农村居民;农村医疗救助资金持续增长,主要依赖中央政府财政投入;以资助参合为基础,以住院救助为重点;人均救助水平不断提高,筹资水平偏低,资金的供给不能满足实际需求,但同时出现救助资金沉淀现象。结论:新疆农村医疗救助制度在改善贫困人口健康方面发挥着积极的作用,需要继续完善新疆农村医疗救助制度,加强医疗救助制度与新农合的衔接,逐步解决贫困人口的基本医疗问题。

农村贫困人口的聚类与减贫对策分析

使用K-means聚类方法对我国农村贫困地区的贫困人口进行聚类,并进一步分析特殊类型贫困地区、集中连片贫困地区的贫困类型结构。结果表明,贫困类型的分布呈现了扶贫对象在区域间分布的不平衡性,各种贫困类型的不同特点和区域分布上的差异从一个视角揭示了收入差距特别是贫困程度差异化的来源。尤其是,少数民族地区的贫困特征和贫困人口比重都要比老区和边境县地区更加突出,而这些地区有着自身独特的特点和性质,尤其需要对少数民族地区贫困背后的形成机制开展更加深入的研究,以便提出针对少数民族地区的因地制宜的扶贫开发措施。连片特困地区的主导贫困类型各不相同,意味着片区扶贫开发需要具有片区针对性的扶贫政策。尽管聚类分析只是一种探索性分析,但是农村贫困人口的聚类仍然为我们定义各种贫困的类型、以及它们在不同区域或特定区域划分之间的内部分布结构提供了非常有价值的信息,并将为进一步的统计推断分析提供基础。

巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果 加快落后地区乡村振兴

目前我国正处于脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴两大战略的历史交汇区和政策衔接的过渡期,在过渡期内的重要任务就是加快实现巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴的有效衔接。在总结脱贫攻坚成果及经验并指出其后续要求的基础上,通过研究乡村振兴与共同富裕的关系,提出"十四五"期间的主要任务是加快相对落后地区的发展,提升低收入人口的收入水平。在分析了我国当前相对落后地区和低收入人口的基本特征之后,探索了通过乡村振兴促进相对落后地区发展的路径。

人口老龄化与农村老年贫困问题——兼论人口流动的影响

随着我国农村社会人口老龄化程度加深、乡城人口流动规模的扩大,农村老年人福利状况更加复杂,然而,目前仍缺乏对老年群体有针对性的贫困监测。文章提出老年贫困测量应衡量经济条件、身体健康和心理状况多个维度,并从人口老龄化和人口流动的视角,使用"中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)"数据对农村老年人的收入、健康和心理三个维度进行了贫困决定分析。分析表明,子女数量对老年人的经济贫困和心理贫困都有显著的影响;独居的老人陷入三种贫困的风险更高;而无退休金的老年人陷入经济贫困的风险比是有退休金老人的22倍。

精准扶贫背景下西南民族地区贫困人口获得感调查研究

精准扶贫要切实提高扶贫成果可持续性,让贫困人口有更多的"获得感"。根据贫困多维性与民族地区的特殊性,从物质、安全、能力、公平、尊严五个维度构建民族地区贫困人口"获得感"理论模型,用之对贫困地区彝、藏等少数民族精准扶贫现状的抽样调查数据进行分析,结果显示:民族习俗、行为等区域人文内生性因素及精准扶贫政策等外生性因素,影响民族地区贫困人口获得感。因此,应加强全方位的多元主体扶贫参与,完善反贫困协同治理机制,兼顾民族地区区域性贫困与差异化贫困,激发贫困群众内生发展动力,以保障民族地区贫困人口可持续脱贫。

中国农村老年贫困与养老保障

本文利用在黑龙江、甘肃、四川和湖北4省农村进行的实地调查数据,按照不同的方法对农村老年贫困人口的状况进行了估计。结果显示,但无论以哪一种标准衡量,老年贫困家庭的比例都大大高于全部被调查家庭的平均贫困比例。文章认为,我国社会保障制度不健全,保障水平低,是老年人口致贫的原因之一。因此,为占总人口75%的农村人口建立适当的社会养老保障制度,既重要,又急迫。

人力资本理论教育扶贫效果实证分析——基于陕西7地市18个贫困县教育扶贫效果调查

人力资本是与物质资本相对而存在的一种资本形式,教育是人力资本形成的主要途径,教育通过人力资本的形成而对经济增长产生连续的作用。教育扶贫属于脱贫致富的重要途径之一。由于教育扶贫效果间接且周期长、难于量化的特点,因而教育扶贫往往并不是政府确定经济社会发展路径的首选之策。对于生态环境脆弱、经济人文发展相对落后的地区来说,脱贫致富的路径选择是一个必须面对的现实问题。通过对陕西省宝鸡、咸阳、安康、汉中、商洛、渭南、榆林7地市18个国家级贫困县57个村四千多个农户问卷调查发现:陕西贫困山区教育扶贫效果处于"有功不明"的状态。教育扶贫具有推动人口由不发达地区向发达地区流动减轻当地环境承载压力、引起家庭收入来源结构发生变化、外出务工的工资同受教育程度成正相关关系、农户由单一的种粮转向种粮与经济作物相结合、人们生育观念发生变化等方面的功效。