Effect of Powder Particle Size on the Properties and Microstructure of Ti(C,N)-Based Cermet

The influence of raw powder particle size on the properties and microstructures of Ti (C, N)-based cermets has been studied. The conclusions are as follows: The microstructures of cermets were composed of two kinds of grains, the one with black cores surrounded by obvious rim structures, and the other whose cores were white with unconspicuous rim structures and adhesive phase. In the cermet made from fine powders, the amount of grains with white cores was much more than that in cermet made from coarse powders. In addition, their properties were also much better.

Powder Size Influence on Tensile Properties and Porosity for PM Ti2AlNb Alloy Prepared by Hot Isostatic Pressing

Pre-alloyed powder of Ti2AlNb alloy was prepared by electrode induction gas atomization method, and the powder was screened into fi ve kinds of powder size distribution. Fully dense Ti2AlNb alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy(PM) using hot isostatic pressing. The properties of pre-alloyed powder and PM Ti2AlNb alloy were tested. Results show that mean grain size of PM Ti2AlNb alloy is infl uenced by powder particle size, but particle size has no signifi cant infl uence on tensile properties. Finer Ti2AlNb powder has low Argon gas bubble ratio and high oxygen content, and poor fl owability of fi ner powder increases the degree of diffculty during degassing. As a result, big pores(> 50 μm) are observed in PM Ti2AlNb alloy prepared by fi ner powder and cause plasticity loss of tensile properties. In order to get a better comprehensive properties of PM Ti2AlNb alloy, powder with an average size(~ 100 μm) is suggested.

Preparation and Characterization on Nano- Sized Barium Titanate Powder Doped with Lanthanum by Sol-Gel Process

The nano-sized BaTiO3:La3+ powders were prepared by sol-gel process using butyl phthalate, barium acetate and lanthanum oxide as raw material, and these samples were tested by means of TG-DTA, XRD and SEM. The results indicate that with the annealing temperature and the doped concentration rising, the powders' particle sizes will increase and decrease respectively. When annealing temperature is 900℃and doped concentration is 7%, the phase is cubic without other phases, and the particle size of power is 43 .34 nm.

Preparation of nanosized W/Cu composite powder by sol-gel technique

Cu(NO3)(2) and (NH4)(6)H(2)W(12)O(40)center dot 4H(2)O were used to prepare W/Cu nanosized composite powder by sol-gel technique. The influences of heat treatment process, pH value of the solution and the amount of an addition agent on particle size were investigated by DSC, XRD and TEM. The results show that, at a certain heat treatment temperature, the W/Cu nanoparticle size increases with the pH value or the amount of the addition agent increasing.

Particle Size Distribution,Powder Agglomerates and Their Effects on Sinterability of Ultrafine Alumina Powders

An intensive study of the particle size distribution of four commercial ultrafine alumina powders to obtain information about the powder agglomeration and relate them to the compactibility and the sinterability has been made.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-sized Boron Powder Prepared by Plasma Torch

Hydrogen thermal plasma jet was employed to prepare nano-sized boron powder with hydrogen reduction of BCI3. The maximum yield of nano-sized boron powders was about 50% with the operational conditions of H2/BCl3 of 4.5：1, total feed of 4.9 m3/h, and plasma power of 25 kW. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, and inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES）, inductive combustion infrared absorption （ICIA） and infrared thermal conductivity of oxygen and nitrogen analyzer （ITCA）. The results show that the boron powders have different crystal structures with higher dispersion and purity. The average diameter is about 50 nm, and the purity is 90.29% or so. This new technology can use simple process to produce high quality boron powders, and is feasible for industrial production.

Synthesis of Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd∶YAG) Nano-Sized Powders by Low Temperature Combustion

The homogeneously dispersed, less agglomerated (Nd0.01Y0.99)3Al5O12 nano-sized powders were synthesized by the low temperature combustion (LCS), using Nd2O3, Y2O3, Al(NO3)3·9H2O, ammonia water and citric acid as starting materials. This method effectively solves the problems caused by solid-state reaction at high temperature and hard agglomerates brought by the chemical precipitation method. The powders were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, FT-IR, TEM respectively and the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of (Nd0.01Y0.99)3Al5O12 green and sintered ceramic disks were measured. The results show that the forming temperature of YAG crystal phase is 850 ℃ and YAP crystal phase appearing during the calcinations transforms to pure YAG at 1050 ℃. The particle size of the powders synthesized by the LCS is in a range of 20～50 nm depending on the thermal treatment temperatures. The effectively induced cross section (σin) with the value 4.03×10-19 cm2 of (Nd0.01Y0.99)3Al5O12 ceramics is about 44% higher than that of single crystal.

Effects of Particle Size and Content of Silicon Powder on Strength and Microstructure of Coked Al_2O_3-ZrO_2-C Refractories

Effects of particle size （A：d50 = 336. 9 μm, B：d50 =123.5μm, C： d50=19.5 μm, D： dso=2.21μm） and content （1 wt% , 3 wt% , 5 wt% , 7 wt% ） of silicon powder on cold crushing strength （CCS） , pore size distribution and microstructure of Al2O3 - ZrO2 - C refractories coked at high temperature had been investigated by means of mercury porosimeter, SEM, EDS, tic. The results indicated that particle size and content of silicon powder affected the cold crushing strength of coked specimens. It increased with the addition of silicon powder and its finer particle size. However, it decreased greatly when using too fine silicon powder. The particle size and content of silicon powder also impacted the phase evolution and microstructure of coked specimens, much more β-SiC whiskers constituted network structure and well distributed in specimens with reduction of their slenderness ratios when finer silicon powder was added, corresponding to that, the specimens＇ pore size distribution range became narrower with smaller pore diameter, but β-SiC whiskers were distributed sparsely and the specific pore volume of small pores increased when much finer powder was added. It was worthly mentioned that some nitride could form in specimens with addition of appropriate particle size and content of silicon powder.

Effect of Particle Size and Distribution of Rapidly Quenching NdFeB Magnetic Powder on Magnetic Properties of Polymer-Bonded NdFeB Permanent Magnet

The effect of particle size and distribution of rapidly quenching NdFeB magnetic powder on the magnetic properties of polymerbonded NdFeB permanent magnet was studied. The results show that the particle size and the distribution of rapidly quenching NdFeB magnetic powder have significant effects on the magnetic properties of polymerbonded NdFeB permanent magnet. As long as the size and the distribution of rapidly quenching NdFeB powder are within the right range, high magnetic properties of polymerbonded NdFeB permanent magnet can be obtained. This is mainly because the rapidly quenching NdFeB magnetic powder has high hardness and is scaleshaped. The larger the size of rapidly quenching NdFeB particles is, the more difficult it is to obtain high density of bonded NdFeB magnet. However the structure will be destroyed if the size is too small. It results in the deterioration of magnetic properties. The mechanism is also discussed.

Effect of Slow Cooling in Reducing Pore Size in a Sintered Powder Metallurgical 6061Aluminium Alloy

The usage of powder metallurgy aluminium compacts in lieu of ferrous components in automotives helps to lower vehicle weight. The major drawback in the commercially available press sintered aluminium alloy is porosity which is mainly dependent on the powder metallurgical process parameters such as compaction pressure, sintering temperature and cooling rate after sintering. In this paper the effect of particle size and furnace controlled cooling after sintering on porosity level and micro hardness of an elemental 6061 aluminium alloy has been investigated. Aluminium particle sizes of 20 μm and 150 μm were used. The elemental 6061 aluminium alloy powders are warm compacted at 175 MPa. After sintering for about one hour at 600°C, the aluminium compacts were furnace cooled at the rate of 1°C /min to different temperatures of 500°C, 400°C, 300°C and 200?C. When the cooling temperature after sintering inside the furnace is effected at various temperatures from 600°C to 200°C, for a precipitate hardened aluminium compacts with aluminium particle size of 20 μm, the porosity level reduced by 26% and that for aluminium particle size of 150μm, the porosity level reduced by 23%. Marked improvement in micro hardness value is also observed correspondingly.

Hydrothermal synthesis of boehmites with various particle sizes and transition to α-Al_2O_3 powders by calcination

Boehmite powders with various particle sizes have been prepared by hydrothermal method and the α-Al2O3 powders yielded after subsequent calcination have been studied. Dispersive crystalline boehmite powders of 30-100 nm, 0.4-0.6μm and 1μm in size were obtained respectively by changing the hydrothermal precursors and the pH value of hydrothermal slurry. Calcination of boehmite powders of 30-100 nm at 1250℃ for 1h resulted in the formation of single-phase α-Al2O3 , and the products consisted of vermicular particles. The boehmite powders of 0.4-0.6μm were also fully converted to α-Al2O3 at 1250℃, and the products consisted of plate-like particles with the same size of 0.4-0.6μm. The boehmite powders of 1μm calcined at 1350℃ for 2h were still composed of a little proportions of transition aluminas besides α-Al2O3, and the particles sintered severely. The reaction processes for the formation of crystalline boehmites under hydrothermal conditions and α-Al2O3 powders during calcination have been discussed.

粒径对铁皮石斛粉多糖释放及其粉体特性影响

为明确粒径对铁皮石斛(D. officinale)粉中多糖溶出率及其粉体特性的影响,采用中药粉碎机结合球磨仪制备了8种不同粒径的铁皮石斛粉体,研究各粉体样本的粒径分布、比表面积、多糖溶出率、粉体流动性、水合特性、表面微观结构及色差变化。结果表明,[20,200)目粉体中多糖溶出率随粒径减小总体呈上升趋势,但≥200目时溶出率逐渐下降;粉体流动性参数(休止角、滑动角和Carr’s指数)与粒径呈负相关,即粒径越小流动性越差,尤其是[200,250)目较[150,200)目粉体的流动性明显变差;水合特性(WHC、WSC和WSI)随粒径变小先升后降,拐点同样出现在200目前后;色差分析表明,粉体色度参数(L*、a*、b*和ΔE值)也是在[150,200)目与[200,250)目的变化幅度最大。上述结果主要与[200,250)目粉体的比表面积较[150,200)目显著增加(68.1%)有关。综上,[150,200)目(d50=95.6μm)的铁皮石斛粉兼具较好的粉体特性和多糖释放率,同时保证了粉体细度。本研究结果为铁皮石斛的粉体化高效加工及高值化利用提供了理论参考。

The Effects of Filler Contents and Particle Sizes on the Mechanical and End-Use Properties of Snail Shell Powder Filled Polypropylene

Polypropylene composites of snail shell powder were prepared at filler contents, 0 to 40 wt%. The particle sizes of the snail shell powder investigated were 0.150, 0.30, and 0.42 μm. Talc, of particle size, 0.150 μm was used as the reference filler. The polypropylene composites were prepared in an injection moulding machine and the resulting composites were extruded as sheets. Some mechanical and end-use properties of the prepared composites were determined. Results showed that the snail shell powder improved the tensile modulus, flexural strength, and impact strength of polypropylene and these properties increased with increases in the filler content and decreases in the filler particle size. The elongation at break of the composites was however observed to decrease with increases in the filler content, and particle size. The elongation at break of talc filled polypropylene was zero, an indication of the brittle nature of polypropylene composites of talc. The hardness, water sorption (24-hr) and specific gravity of the composites were found to increase with increases in the filler content, and decreases in the filler particle size. The level of water absorbed by snail shell powder composites of polypropylene is considerably higher than that of talc filled polypropylene. The flame retardant properties of the prepared composites were however found to decrease with increases in the filler content, and particle size. Generally, snail shell powder was found to show greater property improvement over talc in the prepared composites.

电沉积法制备高纯镍粉

采用电沉积法制备高纯度镍粉,用Zeta电位仪、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析等手段分别表征产物镍粉的粒度、化学成分、微观形貌和微观晶体结构。系统探究了工艺参数电流密度、镍离子质量浓度、电解液pH值、NH_(4)Cl质量浓度、电解温度和取粉时间等因素对电积镍粉粒度、电流效率以及镍粉微观形貌的影响。结果表明,工艺参数电流密度、镍离子质量浓度、电解液pH值、NH_(4)Cl质量浓度、电解温度和取粉时间均对电积镍粉的粒度分布和形貌等有显著影响;电极板间距为30 mm时的最佳工艺参数条件为:电流密度为3000 A/m^(2)、电积液Ni^(2+)质量浓度为5 g/L、pH值为5、温度40℃、添加剂NH_(4)Cl质量浓度为10 g/L、取粉时间间隔为120 s,在此试验条件下所得镍粉粒度分布均匀,颗粒微观形貌为树枝状,镍粉纯度可达到99.87%;模拟工业生产电解液成分人工配制的含杂质离子Fe^(3+)、Cu^(2+)的硫酸镍溶液为电解液进行电积试验,可得到镍粉纯度为99.84%、粒度分布均匀、微观形貌呈树枝状的高纯镍粉。研究结果可为工业电积镍制备高纯镍粉提供参考。

不同粒径对核桃青皮粉物理特性及功能特性的影响

为合理利用核桃青皮资源,探究粉碎处理对核桃青皮粉体的影响,本实验对不同粒径核桃青皮粉的物理特性(粒径分布、填充性、流动性、持水力、持油力、膨胀力和微观结构)及功能特性(活性物质含量、抗氧化能力)进行了研究。结果发现,经过粉碎及过筛处理后,核桃青皮粉粒径具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。核桃青皮粉的松密度、持水力、持油力随粒径的减小不断下降,而休止角和滑动角不断增加,振实密度和膨胀力分别呈现先降低后增加和先增加后降低的趋势,傅里叶红外光谱表明,粉碎过程并未破坏粉体的分子结构;此外,粉碎度为200目的样品提取液的活性物质含量和抗氧化能力显著高于其他样品(P<0.05)。与粉碎度为100目的样品相比,200目样品提取液中总多酚、总黄酮、萜类物质和醌类物质含量分别提高了7.1%、19.5%、16.8%和16.4%。本实验为微粉碎在核桃青皮加工产业的实际应用提供了理论依据。

饲料中不同蛋黄粉添加量对孔雀鱼繁殖力的影响

本文以孔雀鱼为试验材料,研究了饲料中不同蛋黄粉添加量对孔雀鱼繁殖周期和产仔量的影响。结果表明,饲料中蛋黄粉添加量越高,孔雀鱼繁殖周期越短,处理1(饲喂基础饲料+2%蛋黄粉)、处理2(饲喂基础饲料+4%蛋黄粉)、处理3(饲喂基础饲料+8%蛋黄粉)与CK(饲喂基础饲料)之间差异均显著(P<0.05),但处理1、2、3之间差异不显著(P>0.05);随着饲养时间延长和饲料中蛋黄粉添加量增多,孔雀鱼产仔量增多,处理1、2、3的第3次产仔量均显著高于CK(P<0.05),但处理1、2、3之间差异不显著(P>0.05);处理2的孔雀鱼总产仔量显著高于处理1(P<0.05),虽然处理3的孔雀鱼总产仔量最高,但其与处理2之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。可见,在饲料中添加蛋黄粉可缩短孔雀鱼繁殖周期,提高孔雀鱼产仔量,最适添加量为4%。

负载下活性粉末混凝土钢筋网加固足尺混凝土柱轴压性能试验研究

为提高负载下钢筋混凝土(RC)柱的轴心抗压性能,使用活性粉末混凝土钢筋网(RPCSM)对负载下的RC足尺柱进行加固,设计制作了7根RC方柱试件,其中1根未加固对比柱、1根端部箍筋加密加固柱、2根RPCSM加固柱、3根端部箍筋加密RPCSM加固柱。考虑加固层厚度、钢筋网配筋率和端部箍筋加密对轴心受压RC柱性能的影响,进行了试验研究并分析了各试件的破坏模式、荷载-变形关系和应变变化规律。结果表明:加固柱的承载力提高了2.81~3.82倍;原混凝土柱与RPCSM加固层界面粘结可靠,共同工作良好;随着钢筋网配筋率的提高以及加固层厚度的增加,端部箍筋加密后整体性的提高,承载力和轴向变形能力提高,但延性有所下降。结合规范和破坏机理,给出了承载力计算公式,以促进该加固技术的推广。

TiO_(2)原位包覆提升球形纳米铝粉活性

纳米铝(Al)粉是一种高能金属纳米粉末,但过高的表面能带来的易氧化问题显著降低其活性,限制其应用。针对该问题,本文通过液相法在去除球形纳米Al粉表面氧化层的同时原位生长TiO_(2)包覆层,通过工艺优化,获得了活性Al含量最高的Al@TiO_(2)复合粉体,包覆层厚度约为2 nm,且粉末中没有过量的TiO_(2)存在,包覆处理后的复合粉体中活性Al含量达到87.3%。

非水溶液体系中晶种法制备球形银纳米颗粒

以丙三醇作溶剂,硝酸银为原料,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,硼氢化钠为还原剂制备了银纳米晶种;以此银纳米粒子作为初级晶种,以丙三醇作溶剂和还原剂,通过升温提高丙三醇的还原性制备银纳米颗粒。研究分散剂种类、生长液银浓度、晶种加入量对银粉的影响,采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对制备产物的结构、物相、形貌进行表征。结果表明,通过改变条件可以制备出分散性良好、粒径均匀的70nm左右的球形银粉。

不同石粉含量和粒径对砂浆干缩性能的影响

石灰石在开采和加工成机制山砂过程中产生了大量的废弃石灰石粉,石粉的堆放和去除会造成土地资源的浪费以及环境污染,为此,可将石粉加入砂浆中,以实现对石粉的合理应用。但是砂浆在加入石粉后会出现大量收缩,其耐久性大大降低。为了避免这种不利影响,将石粉等量取代水泥后的砂浆干燥收缩情况进行试验,研究了不同石粉含量和粒径对砂浆干燥收缩的影响。试验结果表明:在不同石粉粒径下,采用适量的石粉等量代替水泥可以有效减小混凝土的干燥收缩值,当石粉替代率大于15%时,砂浆干燥收缩值不断增大,石粉最佳替代率为10%;在不同石粉含量下,石粉粒径为800目和1250目下的砂浆干燥收缩值均较小,可作为工程实际中石粉外掺量的参考值。