Integrated Model for Resilience Evaluation of Power-Gas Systems Under Windstorms

Integrated power-gas systems(IPGS)have developed critical infrastructure in integrated energy systems.Moreover,various extreme weather events with low probability and high risk have seriously affected the stable operation of IPGSs.Due to close interconnectedness through coupling elements between the power system(PS)and natural gas system(NGS)when a disturbance happens in one system,a series of complicated sequences of dependent events may follow in another system.Especially under extreme conditions,this coupling can lead to a dramatic degradation of system performance,resulting in catastrophic failures.Therefore,there is an urgent need to model and evaluate resilience of IPGSs under extreme weather.Following this development trend,an integrated model for resilience evaluation of IPGS is proposed under extreme weather events focusing on windstorms.First,a framework of IPGS is proposed to describe states of the system at different stages under disaster conditions.Furthermore,an evaluation model considering cascading effects is used to quantify the impact of windstorms on NGS and PS.Meanwhile,a Monte Carlo simulation(MCS)technique is utilized to characterize chaotic fault of components.Moreover,time-dependent nodal and system resilience indices for IPGS are proposed to display impacts of windstorms.Numerical results on the IPGS test system demonstrate the proposed methods.

Decoupled Piecewise Linear Power Flow and Its Application to Under Voltage Load Shedding

Various optimizations in power systems based on the AC power flow model are inherently mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)problems.Piecewise linear power flow models can handle nonlinearities and meanwhile ensure a hi^h accuracy.Then,the MINLP problem can he turned into a tractable mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)problem.However,piecewise linearization also introduces a heavy computational burden because of the incorporation of a large number of binary variables especially for large systems.To achieve a better trade off between approximation accuracy and computational efficiency,this paper proposes a model called decoupled piecewise linear power flow(DPWLPF)for transmission systems.The P-Q decoupling characteristic is used to ease the evaluation of the piecewise cosine functions in the power flow equations.Therefore,in optimizations,the coupling between variables is reduced.Moreover,an under voltage load shedding(UVLS)approach based on DPWLPF is presented.Case studies are conducted for benchmark systems.The results show that the DPWLPF facilitates the solution of optimal power flow(OPF)and UVLS problems much better than conventional piecewise models.And DPWIJM^still enhances the approximation accuracy by usinj»the decoupled piecewise modeling.

Cascading failure analysis of power flow on wind power based on complex network theory

Cascading failure is a potential threat in power systems with the scale development of wind power,especially for the large-scale grid-connected and long distance transmission wind power base in China.This introduces a complex network theory(CNT)for cascading failure analysis considering wind farm integration.A cascading failure power flow analysis model for complex power networks is established with improved network topology principles and methods.The network load and boundary conditions are determined to reflect the operational states of power systems.Three typical network evaluation indicators are used to evaluate the topology characteristics of power network before and after malfunction including connectivity level,global effective performance and percentage of load loss(PLL).The impacts of node removal,grid current tolerance capability,wind power instantaneous penetrations,and wind farm coupling points on the power grid are analyzed based on the IEEE 30 bus system.Through the simulation analysis,the occurrence mechanism and main influence factors of cascading failure are determined.Finally,corresponding defense strategies are proposed to reduce the hazards of cascading failure in power systems.

A Feasible Zone Analysis Method with Global Partial Load Scanning for Solving Power Flow Coupling Models of CCHP Systems

Heat exchanger systems(HXSs)or heat recovery steam generators(HRSGs)are commonly used in 100 kW to 50 MW combined cooling,heating,and power(CCHP)systems.Power flow coupling(PFC)is found in HXSs and is complex for researchers to quantify.This could possibly mislead the dispatch schedule and result in the inaccurate dispatch.PFC is caused by the inlet and outlet temperatures of each component,gas flow pressure variation,conductive medium flow rate,and atmosphere condition variation.In this paper,the expression of PFC is built by using quadratic functions to fit the non!inearit>of thermal dynamics.While fitting the model,the environmental condition needs prediction,which is calculated using phase space reconstruction(PSR)Kalman filter.In order to solve the complex quadratic dispatch model,a hybrid following electricity load(FEL)and following thermal load(FTL)mode for reducing the dimension of dispatch model,and a feasible zone analysis(FZA)method are proposed.As a result,the PFC problem of CCHP system is solved,and the dispatch cost,investment cost,and the maximum power requirements are optimized.In this paper,a case in Jinan,China is studied.The PFC model is proven to be more precise and accurate compared with traditional models.

An Extended DC Power Flow Model Considering Voltage Magnitude

A quasi-linear relationship between voltage angles and voltage magnitudes in power flow calculation is presented.An accurate estimation of voltage magnitudes can be provided by the quasi-linear relationship when voltage angles are derived by classical DC power flow.Based on the quasi-linear relationship,a novel extended DC power flow(EDCPF)model is proposed considering voltage magnitudes.It is simple,reliable and accurate for both distribution network and transmission network in normal system operation states.The accuracy of EDCPF model is verified through a series of standard test systems.

A Linearized Branch Flow Model Considering Line Shunts for Radial Distribution Systems and Its Application in Volt/VAr Control

When urban distribution systems are gradually modernized,the overhead lines are replaced by underground cables,whose shunt admittances can not be ignored.Traditional power flow(PF)model withπequivalent circuit shows non-convexity and long computing time,and most recently proposed linear PF models assume zero shunt elements.All of them are not suitable for fast calculation and optimization problems of modern distribution systems with non-negligible line shunts.Therefore,this paper proposes a linearized branch flow model considering line shunt(LBFS).The strength of LBFS lies in maintaining the linear structure and the convex nature after appropriately modeling theπequivalent circuit for network equipment like transformers.Simulation results show that the calculation accuracy in nodal voltage and branch current magnitudes is improved by considering shunt admittances.We show the application scope of LBFS by controlling the network voltages through a two-stage stochastic Volt/VAr control(VVC)problem with the uncertain active power output from renewable energy sources(RESs).Since LBFS results in a linear VVC program,the global solution is guaranteed.Case study exhibits that VVC framework can optimally dispatch the discrete control devices,viz.substation transformers and shunt capacitors,and also optimize the decision rules for real-time reactive power control of RES.Moreover,the computing efficiency is significantly improved compared with that of traditional VVC methods.