Online Learning Control for Harmonics Reduction Based on Current Controlled Voltage Source Power Inverters

Nonlinear loads in the power distribution system cause non-sinusoidal currents and voltages with harmonic components.Shunt active filters(SAF) with current controlled voltage source inverters(CCVSI) are usually used to obtain balanced and sinusoidal source currents by injecting compensation currents.However,CCVSI with traditional controllers have a limited transient and steady state performance.In this paper,we propose an adaptive dynamic programming(ADP) controller with online learning capability to improve transient response and harmonics.The proposed controller works alongside existing proportional integral(PI) controllers to efficiently track the reference currents in the d-q domain.It can generate adaptive control actions to compensate the PI controller.The proposed system was simulated under different nonlinear(three-phase full wave rectifier) load conditions.The performance of the proposed approach was compared with the traditional approach.We have also included the simulation results without connecting the traditional PI control based power inverter for reference comparison.The online learning based ADP controller not only reduced average total harmonic distortion by 18.41%,but also outperformed traditional PI controllers during transients.

An Algorithm for Short-Circuit Current Interval in Distribution Networks with Inverter Type Distributed Generation Based on Affine Arithmetic

During faults in a distribution network,the output power of a distributed generation(DG)may be uncertain.Moreover,the output currents of distributed power sources are also affected by the output power,resulting in uncertainties in the calculation of the short-circuit current at the time of a fault.Additionally,the impacts of such uncertainties around short-circuit currents will increase with the increase of distributed power sources.Thus,it is very important to develop a method for calculating the short-circuit current while considering the uncertainties in a distribution network.In this study,an affine arithmetic algorithm for calculating short-circuit current intervals in distribution networks with distributed power sources while considering power fluctuations is presented.The proposed algorithm includes two stages.In the first stage,normal operations are considered to establish a conservative interval affine optimization model of injection currents in distributed power sources.Constrained by the fluctuation range of distributed generation power at the moment of fault occurrence,the model can then be used to solve for the fluctuation range of injected current amplitudes in distributed power sources.The second stage is implemented after a malfunction occurs.In this stage,an affine optimization model is first established.This model is developed to characterizes the short-circuit current interval of a transmission line,and is constrained by the fluctuation range of the injected current amplitude of DG during normal operations.Finally,the range of the short-circuit current amplitudes of distribution network lines after a short-circuit fault occurs is predicted.The algorithm proposed in this article obtains an interval range containing accurate results through interval operation.Compared with traditional point value calculation methods,interval calculation methods can provide more reliable analysis and calculation results.The range of short-circuit current amplitude obtained by this algorithm is slightly larger than those obtained using the Monte Carlo algorithm and the Latin hypercube sampling algorithm.Therefore,the proposed algorithm has good suitability and does not require iterative calculations,resulting in a significant improvement in computational speed compared to the Monte Carlo algorithm and the Latin hypercube sampling algorithm.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm can provide more reliable analysis and calculation results,improving the safety and stability of power systems.

Reducing the minimum output power of soft-switching inverter arc welding power supplies

The full-bridge zero-voltage and zero-current switching inverter, which can adjust the output power by keeping the duty-cycle of lagging arm constant, changing the duty-cycle of leading arm, is a common circuit topology of soft-switching inverter arc welding power supplies. However, the output power still remains a certain value when the duty-cycle of leading arm decreases to zero. The working-mode of soft-switching inverter and the waveforms of major parameters with the condition of duty-cycle of leading arm being zero are studied in this paper. U-1 characteristic experiments prove that the minimum output power of soft-switching circuit, which depends on the charged voltage of capacitors in parallel with leading arm, can be decreased by reducing the duty-cycle of lagging arm. By switching working-modes between half-bridge and full-bridge, the output power can swing from zero to the power rating.

Inverter power supply system for high-power twin-wire pulsed GMAW

A type of novel inverter power supply system for high-power twin-wire pulsed gas metal arc welding （GMAW） is presented mainly for dealing with the disadvantages of the conventional power supply for twin-wire pulsed GMA W of which the output power is generally difficult to increase due to limitations of the power of semiconductors and the power density of magnetic devices. In the power supplies for the master and slave arcs, the digital signal processor （DSP） TMS320F28335 is used to form the DSP- based synergic control system for parallel high-power pulsed GMA W, which achieves high-power output of two parallel inverters controlled by a single DSP ; master-slave communication is achieved by using e controller area network （eCAN）module of DSP, thas realizing anti-phase pulse output of high-power twin-wire pulsed GMA W and reducing the interference between twin arcs. The experiment results demonstrate that the designed inverter power supply system for high-power twin-wire pulsed GMAW can bring about high-power efficiency of welding, stable welding process and proper formation of welds.

A type of inverter power supply based on harmonic elimination PWM control

In order to output sine wave with small degree of distortion and improve stability,a type of inverter power supply is designed based on harmonic elimination pulse-width modulation(PWM)control.The rectifier and filter are added to input circuit of the inverter.Single-phrase full-bridge inverter performs the function of converting direct current into alternating current(DC/AC).In the control circuit,single chip micyoco(SCM)AT89C2051 is used for main control chip to accomplish the hardware design of the control system.A given value of output frequency of the inverter is input in the way of coding.According to the output frequency code which is read,SCM AT89C2051 defined harmonic elimination PWM control data which will be selected.Through internal timing control,the switches are switched under this provision of PWM control data.Then the driving signals of the switches in the inverter are output from I/O of SCM AT89C2051 to realize harmonic elimination PWM control.The results show that adding Newton homotopic algorithm of harmonic elimination PWM control to corresponding software of the control system can make the quality of output voltage of the inverter higher and it will have broad application prospects.

Inverter Power Stage Connected with PV-Grid

This paper focuses on the design of the inverter power stage connected with PV-grid which supports the contrived PV system. The increased number of grid connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters gave rise to problems concerning the stability and safety of the utility grid, as well as power quality issues. The proposed systems can overcome these issues and improve standard regulation methods for gird connected PV inverter. The maximum available voltage in the PV string is tracked by the power stage which has been planned and designed in such a way. The tracked voltage is boosted then. The important components to voltage source inverter (VSI) are boost inductor and input capacitor which are calculated. To get a clear sinusoidal output phase voltage of 230 V from a DC capacitance bus projected to deal with 400 V, the important inverter stage parameters have been planned and modeled in Mat lab. Each block stage of the converter is easily understandable by the Simlink of the dual stage DC-AC converter explanation. The control schemes which have been proposed would compromise with the inverter power stage which forms the neat grid system. The existing renewable energy sources in the laboratory are integrated by the proposed control.

Design method for transistor-inverted welding power supplies

From the viewpoint of reliability and practicability, a general design method and the related considerationsfor transistor- inverted welding power supplies are proposed in this paper. The detail contents are composed of the choice ofinverters, the choice and protection of transistors, the determination of inverting frequency, the design of transformers,and the choice of output rectifiers and rectifying diodes. Besides, a concrete design example of the transistor-invertedpower supply for plasma arc cutting is introduced.

Soft switching arc welding power source using output inductor as resonant inductor

Full bridge Zero Voltage Switch PWM converter combines advantages of the PWM control technique and resonant technique. However, Full ZVS is achieved only under large load current because resonant tank of this circuit is made up of the parasitic capacitance of the power semiconductors and the leakage inductor of the transformer primary. In this paper two saturable inductors as magnetic switches are added to secondary, so output inductor is always reflected to primary and assists resonant transition. Full ZVS is achieved under lower load current. The above mentioned investigated results are validated by the computerized simulation and hardware circuit experiment.

Low-Frequency Oscillation Analysis of Grid-Connected VSG System Considering Multi-Parameter Coupling

With the increasing integration of new energy generation into the power system and the massive withdrawal of traditional fossil fuel generation,the power system is faced with a large number of stability problems.The phenomenon of low-frequency oscillation caused by lack of damping and moment of inertia is worth studying.In recent years,virtual synchronous generator(VSG)technique has been developed rapidly because it can provide considerable damping and moment of inertia.While improving the stability of the system,it also inevitably causes the problem of active power oscillation,especially the low mutual damping between the VSG and the power grid will make the oscillation more severe.The traditional time-domain state-space method cannot reflect the interaction among state variables and study the interaction between different nodes and branches of the power grid.In this paper,a frequency-domain method for analyzing low-frequency oscillations considering VSG parameter coupling is proposed.First,based on the rotor motion equation of the synchronous generator(SG),a secondorder VSG model and linearized power-frequency control loop model are established.Then,the differences and connections between the coupling of key VSG parameters and low-frequency oscillation characteristics are studied through frequency domain analysis.The path and influencemechanism of a VSG during low-frequency power grid oscillations are illustrated.Finally,the correctness of the theoretical analysis model is verified by simulation.

Surrounding rock control mechanism of deep coal roadways and its application

Aiming at the surrounding rock control problem of mining and preparation entries in Xingdong mine with large mining depth, and the comprehensive control countermeasures including high pre-stress cable truss system, this study put forward powerful anchor support system and anchor cable adaption technology to surrounding rock deformation. Furthermore, the control measures possess the supporting performance with ‘‘primary rigid-following flexible-new rigid, and primary resistance-following yield-new resistance'', which suits deep roadway surrounding rock control. The mechanical model of truss anchor supporting roof beams was established, and the inverted arch deflection produced by the cable pre-stress with stress increment effect and roof beam deflection were obtained. And then the system working mechanism was illustrated. Finally, the surrounding rock support parameters were determined by means of comprehensive methods, and put into practice. The results show that surrounding rock deformation realized secondary stability after three months. The roadway sides convergence value was less than 245mm, and roof subsidence was less than 124mm. In addition, there was no expansion and renovation during service period.

Structure and Control of an Inverter Type Power Source for Robot Arc Welding

An inverter type power source system for robot arc welding is considered. The power source includes several isolated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter power units. The output current of every individual power unit is regulated by an identical single chip microcomputer to enable the whole power source system to work over a wide range of continuous output current with good dynamic properties. This inverter type power source satisfies robotic welding requirements.

Analysis of Electrical and Non-electrical Causes of Variable Frequency Drive Failures

VFDs （variable frequency drives） are an integral part of many industrial plants and stations. Reliable operation and maintenance of these drives is vital to ensure sustained plant operation and availability. Understanding of the principles of operation of VFD systems as well as knowledge about their required operating environment is necessary for all operating personnel. Many times the operating personnel do not get involved with different technical issues until a complete failure has occurred. Hence, the awareness of the most dominant failure causes has a significant impact on assisting operators to avoid catastrophic failures and tremendous economic losses due to VFD shutdown. Proper plant design, accurate monitoring and data logging, following manufacturer preventive maintenance schedule, and choosing qualified team of operators can be the key to an efficient operation and a long lifetime for any VFD system. In this paper, we have analyzed the electrical and non-electrical causes of VFD failures based on a case study of a typical medium voltage VFD pumping station. Finally, recommendations are given from field analysis and observations.

Renewable Electricity Generation: Solution to GHG Emissions in Nigeria Telecom Industry

Continual release of greenhouse gases emission into the atmosphere is the main cause of climate change. Climate change and its consequent impacts have been source of concerns for all as it directly affects the sustainability of life on the planet earth. Greenhouse gases emission must be reduced in all sectors to avert the inherent dangers of climate change. This work investigates the emission of greenhouse gases in the Nigerian Telecoms industry. Empirical data from Nigerian Telecoms industry are gathered and technically evaluated to investigate the carbon footprint of operations in the sector. The work further estimates the environmental gains in terms of reduction in greenhouse gases emission and economic gains in terms of reduction in fuel costs achievable with deploying renewable energy solution (solar-powered inverter with backup batteries) to power base stations.

A simple digital control algorithm for three phase shunt active filter： simulation and experimentation

A novel and simple ifrea! control algorithm using digital signal processor （DSP） has been proposed and realized for a three phase shunt active filter （SAF）. The simulation and prototype construction of SAF is conducted to compensate the reactive power and harmonics in a distribution system. The major feature of the proposed ifreal algorithm is that it does not require unit vector templates and any transformations for the reference current genera- tion of SAF. This reduces the computational complexity and makes the control flexible and faster. The simulation is conducted in MATLAB/SIMULINK while DSP TMS320LF2407 is employed in the digital implementation of hysteresis current control （HCC） for experimentation. The hardware results correlate with the simulation results in reducing the total harmonic distortion （THD） of the source current and achieving unity power factor.

Inverted polymer solar cells with Zn_2SnO_4 nanoparticles as the electron extraction layer

In this study, we report narrow-size distribution Zn_2SnO_4（ZSO） nanoparticles, which are produced by low-temperature solution-processed used as the electron extraction layer（EEL） in the inverted polymer solar cells（i-PSCs）. Moreover, poly[（9,9-bis（30-（N,N-dimethylamino）propyl）-2,7-fluorene）-alt-2,7-（9,9-dioctylfluorene）]（PFN） is used to modify the surface properties of ZSO thin film. By using the ZSO NPs/PFN as the EEL, the i-PSCs fabricated by poly[4,8-bis（2-ethylhexyloxyl）benzo[1,2-b：4,5-b0] dithio-phene-2,6-diyl-altethylhexyl-3-fluorothithieno [3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate-4,6-diyl]（PTB7） blended with（6,6）-phenyl-C_（71）-butyric acid methylester（PC_（71）BM） bulk heterojunction（BHJ） composite, exhibits a power conversion efficiency（PCE） of 8.44%, which is nearly 10% enhancement as compared with that of7.75% observed from the i-PSCs by PTB7：PC_（71）BM BHJ composite using the ZnO/PFN EEL. The enhanced PCE is originated from improved interfacial contact between the EEL with BHJ active layer and good energy level alignment between BHJ active layer and the EEL. Our results indicate that we provide a simple way to boost efficiency of i-PSCs.