A Novel Design Framework for Smart Operating Robot in Power System

This paper proposes the concept and framework of smart operating system based on the artificial intelligence(AI)techniques. The demands and the potential applications of AI technologies in power system control centers is discussed in the beginning of the paper. The discussion is based on the results of a field study in the Tianjin Power System Control Center in China. According to the study, one problem in power systems is that the power system analysis system in the control center is not fast and powerful enough to help the operators in time to deal with the incidents in the power system. Another issue in current power system control center is that the operation tickets are compiled manually by the operators, so that it is less efficient and human errors cannot be avoided. Based on these problems, a framework of the smart operating robot is proposed in this paper, which includes an intelligent power system analysis system and a smart operation ticket compiling system to solve the two problems in power system control centers. The proposed framework is mainly based on the AI techniques, especially the neural network with deep learning, since it is faster and more capable of dealing with the highly nonlinear and complex power system.

Dynamic Balance Control Based on an Adaptive Gain-scheduled Backstepping Scheme for Power-line Inspection Robots

This paper presents an adaptive gain-scheduled backstepping control(AGSBC) scheme for the balance control of an underactuated mechanical power-line inspection(PLI) robotic system with two degrees of freedom and a single control input.First, a nonlinear dynamic model of the balance adjustment process of the PLI robot is constructed, and then the model is linearized at a nominal equilibrium point to overcome the computational infeasibility of the conventional backstepping technique. Second, to solve generalized stabilization control issue for underactuated systems with multiple equilibrium points,an equilibrium manifold linearized model is developed using a scheduling variable, and then a gain-scheduled backstepping control(GSBC) scheme for expanding the operational area of the controlled system is constructed. Finally, an adaptive mechanism is proposed to counteract the impact of external disturbances. The robust stability of the closed-loop system is ensured by Lyapunov theorem. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and high performance of the proposed scheme compared with other control schemes.

Wireless Charger Design of Robot Vacuum Cleaners with Power Repeaters for High Compatibility

Curved coils constructed by flexible printed circuit board (PCB) or hand-wound Litz-wire have been steadily becoming popular due to its applicable potential on devices that have a curved body. Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems based on curved coils and flexible ferrite sheets may provide more flexible charging solutions for various electronic devices such as rice cookers and robot vacuum cleaners. Power repeaters are also used in IPT systems to extend wireless charging range by guiding magnetic fields to the receiving coil. The interaction of these three topics could be inspiring. In this paper, two adjustable power repeaters are applied to an IPT charging system with various curved receiving coils designed for vacuum cleaners. Two power repeaters share the identical structure as the Tx coil and could be rotated to mirror symmetrically. The input and output power are calculated by analyzing the equivalent circuit model. The self-inductance, mutual inductance, and coupling coefficient of the proposed system are obtained via finite element method simulation with variable rotating angles. Three typical IPT designs have also been simulated in ANSYS Maxwell and compared with the proposed magnetic design. The comparison indicates the enhancing feature of the passive power repeaters on coupling performance and the ability to guide the magnetic flux for better magnetic field coupling. Furthermore, two types of co-simulations defined by the power source via Simplorer are conducted to explore how much power could be transferred. The tuned system is shown to be able to provide about 32 W under 100 kHz operating frequency for charging the battery of a robot vacuum cleaner. The results from theoretical calculation and simulation align well with each other.

Resonant-Inductive Wireless Power Transfer for Autonomous Mobile Robots

Due to the increasing commercial interest in autonomy and sustainability,this paper reviews and presents a comprehensive summary of the resonant-inductive power transmission(RPT)technology for autonomous mobile robots.It outlines historic and recent research activities in wireless power transmission,covering the fundamental operation of microwave,capacitive and inductive power transfer technologies,state-of-the-art developments in RPT for high-power applications,current design and health standards,technological drawbacks,and possible future trends.In this paper,coupling-enhanced pad designs,adaptive tuning techniques,compensation network designs,and control techniques are explored.Major design issues such as coupling variation,frequency splitting,and bifurcation are reviewed.The difference between maximum power transfer and maximum energy efficiency is highlighted.Human exposure guidelines are summarized from documentations provided by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE)and the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection(ICNIRP).Other standards like WPC’s Qi and Airfuel design standards are also summarized.Finally,the possible trends of the relevant research and development,particularly dynamic charging,are discussed.The intention of this review is to encourage designs that will relieve robot operators of the burden of frequent manual recharging,and to reduce downtime and increase the productivity of autonomous mobile robots in industrial environments.

Analysis of Electromagnetic Exposure in Wireless Power Transfer System for Endoscopic Micro-robot

A wireless power transfer system for endoscopic micro-robot operating at 36 kHz is presented in this paper. The issue of patient’s health and safety regarding exposure to the electromagnetic field is addressed. The specific absorption rate and current density can be used to investigate the electromagnetic influences on the biological tissues surrounded by the wireless power launching coil. In view of this purpose,the limited close-wound solenoid electromagnetic model is built,the relationship between the electric intensity and the specific absorption rate and current density is deduced,and the simulation experiments are done. Experimental results show that the values of SAR and current density related to different tissue catalogs are all very small and do not exceed their own limits respectively when the resonance frequency of operation is 36 kHz.

盘刷式光伏清扫机器人结构与驱动设计研究

针对光伏电站中运维使用的清扫机器人轻量化设计问题,提出一种盘刷式光伏清扫机器人结构并设计驱动系统。首先,在现有轮式机器人基础上,将盘刷与机器人驱动轮集成为一体,设计紧凑型机器人结构,在机器人运动过程中同步实现组件表面清扫,并对电机支架进行优化设计。其次,采用四轮驱动方式,设计盘刷式光伏清扫机器人驱动系统软硬件。在屋顶光伏组件表面开展实验,实验结果表明所设计的盘刷式光伏清扫机器人结构与驱动系统满足清扫需求,在夏季晴天天气清扫一块面积为2.44 m^(2)的光伏组件,对比清扫前后光伏组件标准化的电气特性,清扫后修正至标准测试条件(STC)下的最大功率提升约16.1%。

基于PLC构建电力巡检机器人自动化控制系统

该文对电力巡检机器人的自动化控制系统进行以PLC为基础的设计,提升电力调度的效率与安全性。基于PLC构建电力巡检机器人自动化控制系统总体架构,通过上位机接收操纵台传递的操作者信息以及下位机传递的温度、角度等状态信息,通过OPC通信程序将指令下发至下位机,下位机依据上位机下达指令,通过PID驱动控制器完成电力巡检机器人运动控制,利用模糊C均值聚类方法判别电力巡检机器人故障,将结果实时传送到上位机操纵台的显示器,及时反馈机器人的工作状态。实验结果表明,该系统可以控制机器人完成电力巡检,该系统应用后可有效检测机器人故障,使其具备优秀的避障能力,可实现上下位机实时通信。

基于人机工程学的下肢外骨骼运动控制

为避免外骨骼机器人髋关节和膝关节尺寸影响患者正常行走功能的恢复,踝尺寸对脚落地姿态的影响,提出一种基于人机工程学的外骨骼机器人运动控制方法.首先利用人机工程学对人体的参数进行收集,并以此构建适合人体尺寸、具有舒适穿戴的外骨骼模型架构,使外骨骼机器人满足穿戴人群差异化的需求;然后所构建的下肢外骨骼架构,建立外骨骼下肢末端的位姿并构建单肢三自由度机械腿的正向运动学方程,通过对机器人的步行计划,外骨骼机器人的实际步行过程由ADAMS进行模拟,验证人体行走时两腿各关节扭矩的变化规律;最后为了验证该方法在关节速度控制中的优越性和有效性,选择模糊PID进行控制.

电力巡检机器人路径规划方法综述

随着电力系统规模和复杂性的不断增加,传统的人工巡检方式已很难满足当下电力巡检要求。巡检机器人因具有安全性、可靠性和智能性已被逐步应用到电力巡检中。机器人在运行过程中通过提前预测、自主决策或智能导航的方式完成全局遍历与避障。电力巡检的核心任务是规划出一条安全且最优的运行轨迹。系统地分析和梳理了巡检机器人巡检过程中的各类方法;阐述了在变电站和输电线路等不同场景中算法的应用;综述了各类路径规划算法的研究现状和改进方法。在此基础上,对未来电力巡检机器人路径规划的研究和发展方向做出了展望。

中国机器人伺服控制技术竞争力及提升路径

中国机器人核心技术竞争力与国际领先国家相比仍有很大的差距,迫切需要提升以伺服控制技术、减速机技术等为代表的机器人核心技术竞争力。文章采用专利信息数据从专利数量、专利质量、专利价值三个维度对中国机器人伺服控制领域的技术竞争力进行分析,并将其与美国、德国、韩国等领先国家进行比较,剖析中国机器人伺服控制技术发展过程中的优势与不足,最后从技术联合研发、聚焦关键技术、研发方向等方面提出了技术竞争力提升的路径。

新型4-RRPS爬壁机器人及风电塔筒运行环境下的稳定性分析

在风电机组运维领域中的运维爬壁机器人大多属于特级高处作业,根据特级高处作业特点,爬壁机器人的作业安全性尤为重要,而稳定性是安全性的必要条件。以4-RRPS构型爬壁机器人吸附在塔筒壁面时为分析工况,以吸附力为分析切入点,展开其相关稳定性研究与分析工作。具体包括结构整体在极限倾覆和滑落工况下的最小吸附力分析、单腿抬举运动所需最小推力分析、结构整体的静态稳定裕度分析、携载平台三种工况运动稳定性分析,最终证明该爬壁机器人具备运动平稳性。

基于机器视觉的电力巡检机器人自动化系统设计

为实现巡检中更低的误检率,设计一种基于机器视觉的电力巡检机器人自动化系统。利用远距离激光雷达配合多种设备,实现机器人的定位导航。根据图像预处理模块能够实现巡检图像的色彩分割、降噪滤波等处理。总控平台模块主要由六部分构成,分别为图像识别单元、核心服务单元等。通过硬件与软件相结合实现机器人的电力巡检功能。实验结果表明,设计的机器人运动指标良好,能够实现高效变电站巡检,同时系统的巡检导航性能良好,巡检误检率较低,说明系统满足设计需求。

风电塔筒外壁爬壁机器人结构设计

以风电塔筒外壁运维检测机器人为研究对象,设计了一款可适应风电塔筒外壁曲面的爬壁机器人。针对机器人所处的工作环境,设计了机器人的整体结构布局,计算并验证了机器人所用驱动气缸的参数。根据机器人的整体结构布局,详细介绍了机器人的转向运动原理。最后对机器人的曲面适应性进行了计算分析,验证了机器人的曲面适应性,证明了结构设计的合理性。

可变重心线路巡检机器人摆振分析及抑制

针对野外输电线巡检机器人(power transmission line inspection robot,PTLIR)受自然风影响出现的机身摆动问题,提出一种在机器人的可变重心箱体中加装摆式动力吸振器(dynamic vibration absorber,DVA)的摆振抑制策略。描述了输电线系统与巡检机器人加装摆式动力吸振器的结构特点。基于Davenport风速谱与输电线系统的特点建立了风扰动模型。分析了机器人行走对输电线的影响,建立了简化后风扰动影响下机器人摆动的动力学模型,仿真了抑振前机器人在风扰动影响下的风振响应;基于拉格朗日方程建立了加装动力吸振器优化后的巡检机器人动力学模型,并完成了吸振器的参数设计。通过仿真不同风速下机器人的风振响应,验证所提出的振动抑制策略的有效性。基于改进结构下的巡检机器人样机,开展了室内风扰动试验。结果表明,所提出的吸振器抑振策略可在一定程度上抑制机器人的机身摆动,提高工作稳定性。该研究过程对其他摆式结构设备的振动抑制具有一定的参考价值。

胃肠道胶囊机器人无线能量传输系统中发射线圈优化设计

基于无线能量传输的模型与原理,仿真分析了几种不同类型发射线圈的磁场分布。结果表明,线圈磁芯开口大小、磁芯与空气界面的形状、线圈放置的位置都会对发射线圈附近磁场分布产生影响。进而优化出扇环型发射线圈,当线圈中通以频率218 kHz、幅值1.125 A的电流时,可在一定的空间区域形成3.0~4.7 G、比较均匀的磁场,满足胃肠道胶囊机器人的供能需求。相较于已有同用途的发射线圈,优化设计的发射线圈结构简单、整体尺寸显著缩小,同时采用较小的电流就能满足供能需求。研究工作可为优化设计无线能量传输系统中的发射线圈提供新的思路和可行途径。

轮式电力巡检机器人控制系统设计与实现

在电网建设过程中,关于电力巡检机器人的开发仍面临一些挑战,例如没有一个普适的系统平台。文章设计了一种利用数字处理器和PC104的智能电力巡检机器人,其具有嵌入式控制芯片,可以执行多种电力巡检任务,利用内置的多种传感器、高分辨率的视频收集器、GPS定位器以及无线远程通信工具等,可以对电力管道和电气设备进行巡检,并利用大型数据库与控制台实现信息的互动。在试验室中模拟电力巡检工作场景,对机器人控制系统进行联调测试,发现该系统基本达到了预设目的。文章围绕轮式电力巡检机器人控制系统的设计、实现进行分析。

基于三峡岸电示范区的船岸快速连接技术

三峡坝区河段船舶形式多样,坝上水域水位垂直落差大,江心锚泊船舶船岸连接难、接入难。为实现岸电系统安全规范、便捷高效的建设目标,为长江流域岸电全覆盖提供可复制、推广的经验,根据三峡坝区内船舶实际使用岸电的场景,提出一种船岸连接插件、一种跨船连接装置、一种电缆自动提升输送装置,从而解决了岸电接入难的问题,可为稳步推进岸电建设起到积极作用。

基于模糊PID的核电厂多关节机械臂运动自适应控制方法

采用常规运动控制方法时机械臂关节角度误差较大,控制效果不佳,为此,设计一种基于模糊PID的核电厂多关节机械臂运动自适应控制方法。该方法先预处理机械臂的运动图像,然后以此为基础,获取多关节机械臂关节角度,以进一步了解机械臂的运动状态,最后建立机械臂运动隶属度函数,基于模糊PID调整自适应控制器的参数,优化核电厂多关节机械臂运动控制性能。结果表明,设计的多关节机械臂运动自适应控制方法对5种参数组合检测的机械臂关节角度误差均小于标准,其误差最高仅为0.16°,证明该方法对核电厂多关节机械臂运动自适应控制效果更好,具有一定应用价值。

低功耗BDS-SPP/INS融合定位系统的设计与试验

【目的】融合定位设备大多依赖于BDS-RTK,而BDS-RTK功耗大,在网络信号不佳的区域无法获取差分链路,只能使用标准单点定位(Standard point positioning,SPP),而SPP定位系统存在定位误差大、抗干扰能力弱的问题。本研究致力于解决这些问题。【方法】提出一种惯性导航系统(Inertial navigation system,INS)和BDSSPP传感器信息融合卡尔曼滤波方法,基于该方法开发了低功耗融合定位系统。采用BDS-RTK作为基准,测试了BDS-SPP的低功耗模块静态和动态的误差、航姿参考系统(Attitude and heading reference system,AHRS)零偏和噪声,同时进行滤波器融合定位试验,检测在单天线BDS受到干扰时AHRS的断点续航情况。【结果】BDS定位的静态误差为0.4726 m,BDS-SPP/INS融合定位系统动态平均标准差小于1.9137 m,相较于融合前减少0.1652 m。断点续航试验结果表明,融合定位系统偏移距离平均标准差为3.6365 m,相较于融合前减少了2.5900 m。BDS-SPP/INS融合定位系统比BDS-RTK定位系统功率降低了33.3 W;融合后的输出频率较单独采用BDS-SPP情况提高了3倍。【结论】本文的融合定位装置提高了BDS-SPP的抗干扰能力,减少了定位误差,可以在缺少RTK链路的情况下为农业机器人提供定位,可以为农业机器人导航研究提供了技术基础。