Dynamic Balance Control Based on an Adaptive Gain-scheduled Backstepping Scheme for Power-line Inspection Robots

This paper presents an adaptive gain-scheduled backstepping control(AGSBC) scheme for the balance control of an underactuated mechanical power-line inspection(PLI) robotic system with two degrees of freedom and a single control input.First, a nonlinear dynamic model of the balance adjustment process of the PLI robot is constructed, and then the model is linearized at a nominal equilibrium point to overcome the computational infeasibility of the conventional backstepping technique. Second, to solve generalized stabilization control issue for underactuated systems with multiple equilibrium points,an equilibrium manifold linearized model is developed using a scheduling variable, and then a gain-scheduled backstepping control(GSBC) scheme for expanding the operational area of the controlled system is constructed. Finally, an adaptive mechanism is proposed to counteract the impact of external disturbances. The robust stability of the closed-loop system is ensured by Lyapunov theorem. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and high performance of the proposed scheme compared with other control schemes.

A Novel Design Framework for Smart Operating Robot in Power System

This paper proposes the concept and framework of smart operating system based on the artificial intelligence(AI)techniques. The demands and the potential applications of AI technologies in power system control centers is discussed in the beginning of the paper. The discussion is based on the results of a field study in the Tianjin Power System Control Center in China. According to the study, one problem in power systems is that the power system analysis system in the control center is not fast and powerful enough to help the operators in time to deal with the incidents in the power system. Another issue in current power system control center is that the operation tickets are compiled manually by the operators, so that it is less efficient and human errors cannot be avoided. Based on these problems, a framework of the smart operating robot is proposed in this paper, which includes an intelligent power system analysis system and a smart operation ticket compiling system to solve the two problems in power system control centers. The proposed framework is mainly based on the AI techniques, especially the neural network with deep learning, since it is faster and more capable of dealing with the highly nonlinear and complex power system.

基于PLC构建电力巡检机器人自动化控制系统

该文对电力巡检机器人的自动化控制系统进行以PLC为基础的设计,提升电力调度的效率与安全性。基于PLC构建电力巡检机器人自动化控制系统总体架构,通过上位机接收操纵台传递的操作者信息以及下位机传递的温度、角度等状态信息,通过OPC通信程序将指令下发至下位机,下位机依据上位机下达指令,通过PID驱动控制器完成电力巡检机器人运动控制,利用模糊C均值聚类方法判别电力巡检机器人故障,将结果实时传送到上位机操纵台的显示器,及时反馈机器人的工作状态。实验结果表明,该系统可以控制机器人完成电力巡检,该系统应用后可有效检测机器人故障,使其具备优秀的避障能力,可实现上下位机实时通信。

Wireless Charger Design of Robot Vacuum Cleaners with Power Repeaters for High Compatibility

Curved coils constructed by flexible printed circuit board (PCB) or hand-wound Litz-wire have been steadily becoming popular due to its applicable potential on devices that have a curved body. Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems based on curved coils and flexible ferrite sheets may provide more flexible charging solutions for various electronic devices such as rice cookers and robot vacuum cleaners. Power repeaters are also used in IPT systems to extend wireless charging range by guiding magnetic fields to the receiving coil. The interaction of these three topics could be inspiring. In this paper, two adjustable power repeaters are applied to an IPT charging system with various curved receiving coils designed for vacuum cleaners. Two power repeaters share the identical structure as the Tx coil and could be rotated to mirror symmetrically. The input and output power are calculated by analyzing the equivalent circuit model. The self-inductance, mutual inductance, and coupling coefficient of the proposed system are obtained via finite element method simulation with variable rotating angles. Three typical IPT designs have also been simulated in ANSYS Maxwell and compared with the proposed magnetic design. The comparison indicates the enhancing feature of the passive power repeaters on coupling performance and the ability to guide the magnetic flux for better magnetic field coupling. Furthermore, two types of co-simulations defined by the power source via Simplorer are conducted to explore how much power could be transferred. The tuned system is shown to be able to provide about 32 W under 100 kHz operating frequency for charging the battery of a robot vacuum cleaner. The results from theoretical calculation and simulation align well with each other.

电力巡检机器人路径规划方法综述

随着电力系统规模和复杂性的不断增加,传统的人工巡检方式已很难满足当下电力巡检要求。巡检机器人因具有安全性、可靠性和智能性已被逐步应用到电力巡检中。机器人在运行过程中通过提前预测、自主决策或智能导航的方式完成全局遍历与避障。电力巡检的核心任务是规划出一条安全且最优的运行轨迹。系统地分析和梳理了巡检机器人巡检过程中的各类方法;阐述了在变电站和输电线路等不同场景中算法的应用;综述了各类路径规划算法的研究现状和改进方法。在此基础上,对未来电力巡检机器人路径规划的研究和发展方向做出了展望。

Resonant-Inductive Wireless Power Transfer for Autonomous Mobile Robots

Due to the increasing commercial interest in autonomy and sustainability,this paper reviews and presents a comprehensive summary of the resonant-inductive power transmission(RPT)technology for autonomous mobile robots.It outlines historic and recent research activities in wireless power transmission,covering the fundamental operation of microwave,capacitive and inductive power transfer technologies,state-of-the-art developments in RPT for high-power applications,current design and health standards,technological drawbacks,and possible future trends.In this paper,coupling-enhanced pad designs,adaptive tuning techniques,compensation network designs,and control techniques are explored.Major design issues such as coupling variation,frequency splitting,and bifurcation are reviewed.The difference between maximum power transfer and maximum energy efficiency is highlighted.Human exposure guidelines are summarized from documentations provided by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE)and the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection(ICNIRP).Other standards like WPC’s Qi and Airfuel design standards are also summarized.Finally,the possible trends of the relevant research and development,particularly dynamic charging,are discussed.The intention of this review is to encourage designs that will relieve robot operators of the burden of frequent manual recharging,and to reduce downtime and increase the productivity of autonomous mobile robots in industrial environments.

盘刷式光伏清扫机器人结构与驱动设计研究

针对光伏电站中运维使用的清扫机器人轻量化设计问题,提出一种盘刷式光伏清扫机器人结构并设计驱动系统。首先,在现有轮式机器人基础上,将盘刷与机器人驱动轮集成为一体,设计紧凑型机器人结构,在机器人运动过程中同步实现组件表面清扫,并对电机支架进行优化设计。其次,采用四轮驱动方式,设计盘刷式光伏清扫机器人驱动系统软硬件。在屋顶光伏组件表面开展实验,实验结果表明所设计的盘刷式光伏清扫机器人结构与驱动系统满足清扫需求,在夏季晴天天气清扫一块面积为2.44 m^(2)的光伏组件,对比清扫前后光伏组件标准化的电气特性,清扫后修正至标准测试条件(STC)下的最大功率提升约16.1%。

基于人机工程学的下肢外骨骼运动控制

为避免外骨骼机器人髋关节和膝关节尺寸影响患者正常行走功能的恢复,踝尺寸对脚落地姿态的影响,提出一种基于人机工程学的外骨骼机器人运动控制方法.首先利用人机工程学对人体的参数进行收集,并以此构建适合人体尺寸、具有舒适穿戴的外骨骼模型架构,使外骨骼机器人满足穿戴人群差异化的需求;然后所构建的下肢外骨骼架构,建立外骨骼下肢末端的位姿并构建单肢三自由度机械腿的正向运动学方程,通过对机器人的步行计划,外骨骼机器人的实际步行过程由ADAMS进行模拟,验证人体行走时两腿各关节扭矩的变化规律;最后为了验证该方法在关节速度控制中的优越性和有效性,选择模糊PID进行控制.

面向光伏电站除尘作业的移动机械臂抗倾覆稳定性研究

对光伏电站移动机械臂倾覆稳定性的研究是其安全、高效作业的前提。采用重力法分析移动机械臂在水平路面和倾斜路面的静态稳定性,以倾覆力矩为标识对移动平台与机械臂耦合状态下的稳定性进行分析,并利用Matlab和Adams仿真验证移动机械臂的稳定性,结果表明移动机械臂在水平路面上进行作业运动时处于稳定状态;通过分析移动机械臂在倾斜路面上的稳定性,确定其可安全操作的最大路面倾斜角度。

中国机器人伺服控制技术竞争力及提升路径

中国机器人核心技术竞争力与国际领先国家相比仍有很大的差距,迫切需要提升以伺服控制技术、减速机技术等为代表的机器人核心技术竞争力。文章采用专利信息数据从专利数量、专利质量、专利价值三个维度对中国机器人伺服控制领域的技术竞争力进行分析,并将其与美国、德国、韩国等领先国家进行比较,剖析中国机器人伺服控制技术发展过程中的优势与不足,最后从技术联合研发、聚焦关键技术、研发方向等方面提出了技术竞争力提升的路径。

新型4-RRPS爬壁机器人及风电塔筒运行环境下的稳定性分析

在风电机组运维领域中的运维爬壁机器人大多属于特级高处作业,根据特级高处作业特点,爬壁机器人的作业安全性尤为重要,而稳定性是安全性的必要条件。以4-RRPS构型爬壁机器人吸附在塔筒壁面时为分析工况,以吸附力为分析切入点,展开其相关稳定性研究与分析工作。具体包括结构整体在极限倾覆和滑落工况下的最小吸附力分析、单腿抬举运动所需最小推力分析、结构整体的静态稳定裕度分析、携载平台三种工况运动稳定性分析,最终证明该爬壁机器人具备运动平稳性。

基于机器视觉的电力巡检机器人自动化系统设计

为实现巡检中更低的误检率,设计一种基于机器视觉的电力巡检机器人自动化系统。利用远距离激光雷达配合多种设备,实现机器人的定位导航。根据图像预处理模块能够实现巡检图像的色彩分割、降噪滤波等处理。总控平台模块主要由六部分构成,分别为图像识别单元、核心服务单元等。通过硬件与软件相结合实现机器人的电力巡检功能。实验结果表明,设计的机器人运动指标良好,能够实现高效变电站巡检,同时系统的巡检导航性能良好,巡检误检率较低,说明系统满足设计需求。

基于改进海洋捕食者算法的电力巡检机器人避障技术研究

针对当前电力系统中机器人巡检效率不高、避障能力不足等问题,提出一种改进海洋捕食者算法(Improved Marine Predator Algorithm,IMPA)。首先,采用基于阿基米德螺旋曲线的螺旋复合路径搜索策略,扩大全局搜索范围,从而提升算法的稳定性。其次,引入非线性凸递减权重来平衡算法的全局及局部性能,以实现捕食者和猎物种群位置的动态更新。此外,结合黄金正弦算法思想更新猎物位置,缩小捕食者种群搜索范围,以提高收敛精度和速度。最后,在配电室及变电站环境下进行实验测试,结果表明,对比基本MPA算法、改进蚁群算法及混合MPA算法,IMPA算法在行驶路程及时间上更占优势,更有利于提升机器人自主避障能力及作业效率。

变电站二次设备全向巡检机器人精确定位与作业辨识

通过巡检机器人进行变电站二次设备的监测是提升电力设备自动化、智能化管理的重要方式,有利于保障电力工程设备的安全运行。文中开发了一种用于变电站二次设备自动化巡检的Mecanum轮式全向移动机器人,其具备自主导航定位与作业辨识的能力,可极大提升设备巡检效率及保护压板状态识别准确性。通过Mecanum轮的驱动方式实现巡检机器人在狭窄作业环境下的灵活运动与姿态调整,通过多轨道升降平台实现对350~1 800 mm高度范围内的二次设备及压板的图像采集与状态辨识。机器人采用基于激光雷达的即时定位与地图构建(simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM)导航方法进行自主定位导航,并结合基于视觉的路径提取与跟踪算法进行姿态位置修正,实现在待测点位置的精确定位。同时,提出了基于颜色辨识的图像排列与状态辨识方法,针对二次设备保护压板连通状态进行识别和判断。实验结果表明,研制的变电站二次设备巡检机器人可以实现自主导航与位置精确定位,在路径跟踪过程中最大偏角和偏距分别为±3°和±8 mm。结合机器视觉与颜色辨识的压板辨识方法可以准确识别压板状态,识别准确率大于95.80%,有助于提升机器人自动化的电力巡检作业水平。

基于蓄能基站供能的光伏电站智能运维机器人设计

在全球传统能源紧缺的背景和碳达峰、碳中和目标的指引下,中国光伏行业获得迅速发展。而发展中存在的问题也突显出来,其中,光伏组件的清洁及探伤难题尤为突出。为解决这些难题,提出并设计了一种基于蓄能基站供能的光伏电站智能运维机器人。该运维机器人由机器人主体结构、移动系统、清洁系统、探伤系统、供能系统5部分构成,其可利用红外热成像技术对光伏组件的热斑、隐裂等进行探测,并将数据传输至主控平台;同时,针对光伏组件清洁问题,利用高温蒸汽去除各类难以清除的污垢。经过验证发现,所设计的光伏电站智能运维机器人不仅达到了较好的清洗效果,且对光伏组件热斑、隐裂的探测基本达到了预期设计目标,具有良好的应用价值。

一种高功率密度伺服电机在重载工业机器人中的应用

研究了一种重载工业机器人用高速高功率密度伺服电机,通过短铁心设计实现了额定速度提高近一倍、功率密度提高14%,通过铁心低磁导梯度设计实现了更高的电感线性度,满足了重载机器人伺服电机的高速高电流可控性的要求。定子拼块和环氧灌封等工艺有效控制了损耗和散热,确保电机可以在高温条件下长期可靠运行。

新能源动力电池岛式装配工艺探索

岛式装配是一种新的动力电池模组装配工艺,相比传统流水线式装配,能够提高生产效率和柔性生产能力,降低人力投入,减少物料流转。文章通过分析岛式装配工艺的装配流程和工艺特点,探索了动力电池岛式装配工艺在实际生产中的应用。首先介绍了岛式装配工艺的基本概念和特点,包括岛式装配生产线的布局设计、生产过程控制、装配工艺流程等;然后结合实际生产情况,针对动力电池装配工艺的特殊要求,提出了岛式装配工艺的优化方案,包括智能机器人协作、智能监控系统等,以提高生产效率和质量稳定性;最后对动力电池岛式装配工艺行业发展趋势进行展望。

电力巡检机器人运动控制系统探析

电力巡检机器人可以对电力系统中各种线路和设备的运行情况进行巡检,具备自主导航以及自主路径规划功能,不需要人为操作,能够大大减轻电力工作人员的工作压力,提高巡检效率。文章从电力巡检机器人的关键技术出发,基于元强化学习,对其运动控制系统进行了设计。仿真结果显示,设计出的系统可以有效降低机器人运动路线的误差,实现机器人的平稳运行,很好地满足了电力系统巡检的现实需求。

风电塔筒外壁爬壁机器人结构设计

以风电塔筒外壁运维检测机器人为研究对象,设计了一款可适应风电塔筒外壁曲面的爬壁机器人。针对机器人所处的工作环境,设计了机器人的整体结构布局,计算并验证了机器人所用驱动气缸的参数。根据机器人的整体结构布局,详细介绍了机器人的转向运动原理。最后对机器人的曲面适应性进行了计算分析,验证了机器人的曲面适应性,证明了结构设计的合理性。

面向混合动力焊接机器人的性能优化策略研究

针对混合动力焊接机器人系统,采用综合性能评价和随机森林预测方法对机器人系统能量优化进行了研究,设计了基于熵权法和云模型综合性能评价法的最优控制策略。将随机森林预测方法引入能量管理系统,通过粒子群优化确定均方误差最小的模型参数,以预测机器人的负载功率,并将评价结果应用到预测功率中,进一步优化和提高混合动力焊接机器人系统的性能。实验结果表明,所提优化策略既能提高焊接机器人系统的跟踪精度,又能提高混合焊接机器人系统的稳定性和能量经济性。