More demand-side flexible resources(DFRs)are participating in the frequency regulation of renewable power systems,whose heterogeneous characteristics have a significant impact on the system frequency response.Conseque...More demand-side flexible resources(DFRs)are participating in the frequency regulation of renewable power systems,whose heterogeneous characteristics have a significant impact on the system frequency response.Consequently,selecting suitable DFRs poses a formidable challenge for independent system operators(ISO).In this paper,a reserve allocation methodology for heterogeneous DFRs is proposed to manage the risk of power system frequency.Firstly,a performance curve is developed to describe the cost,capacity,and response speed of DFRs.Moreover,a clustering method for multiple distributed DFRs is conducted to calculate the aggregated performance curves and uncertainty coefficients.Then,the frequency security criterion considering DFRs’performance is constructed,whose linearity makes it can be easily coupled into the system scheduling model and solved.Furthermore,a risk management model for DFRs considering frequency-chance-constraint is proposed to make a trade-off between cost and frequency security.Finally,the model is transformed into mixed integer second-order cone programming(MISOCP)and solved by the commercial solver.The proposed model is validated by the IEEE 30 and IEEE 118 bus systems.展开更多
With the rapid increase of distributed photovoltaic(PV) power integrating into the distribution network(DN), the critical issues such as PV power curtailment and low equipment utilization rate have been caused by PV p...With the rapid increase of distributed photovoltaic(PV) power integrating into the distribution network(DN), the critical issues such as PV power curtailment and low equipment utilization rate have been caused by PV power fluctuations. DN has less controllable equipment to manage the PV power fluctuation. To smooth the power fluctuations and further improve the utilization of PV, the regulation ability from the demandside needs to be excavated. This study presents a continuous control method of the feeder load power in a DN based on the voltage regulation to respond to the rapid fluctuation of the PV power output. PV power fluctuations will be directly reflected in the point of common coupling(PCC), and the power fluctuation rate of PCCs is an important standard of PV curtailment.Thus, a demand-side management strategy based on model predictive control(MPC) to mitigate the PCC power fluctuation is proposed. In pre-scheduling, the intraday optimization model is established to solve the reference power of PCC. In real-time control, the pre-scheduling results and MPC are used for the rolling optimization to control the feeder load demand. Finally,the data from the field measurements in Guangzhou, China are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in smoothing fluctuations of the distributed PV power.展开更多
A future smart grid must fulfill the vision of the Energy Internet in which millions of people produce their own energy from renewables in their homes, offices, and factories and share it with each other. Electric veh...A future smart grid must fulfill the vision of the Energy Internet in which millions of people produce their own energy from renewables in their homes, offices, and factories and share it with each other. Electric vehicles and local energy storage will be widely deployed. Internet technology will be utilized to transform the power grid into an energysharing inter-grid. To prepare for the future, a smart grid with intelligent periphery, or smart GRIP, is proposed. The building blocks of GRIP architecture are called clusters and include an energy-management system （EMS）-controlled transmission grid in the core and distribution grids, micro-grids, and smart buildings and homes on the periphery; all of which are hierarchically structured. The layered architecture of GRIP allows a seamless transition from the present to the future and plug-and-play interoperability. The basic functions of a cluster consist of （1） dispatch, （2） smoothing, and （3） mitigation. A risk-limiting dispatch methodology is presented; a new device, called the electric spring, is developed for smoothing out fluctuations in periphery clusters; and means to mitigate failures are discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Science and Technology Project of China Southern Power Grid Corporation(Grant No.090000KK52220020)。
文摘More demand-side flexible resources(DFRs)are participating in the frequency regulation of renewable power systems,whose heterogeneous characteristics have a significant impact on the system frequency response.Consequently,selecting suitable DFRs poses a formidable challenge for independent system operators(ISO).In this paper,a reserve allocation methodology for heterogeneous DFRs is proposed to manage the risk of power system frequency.Firstly,a performance curve is developed to describe the cost,capacity,and response speed of DFRs.Moreover,a clustering method for multiple distributed DFRs is conducted to calculate the aggregated performance curves and uncertainty coefficients.Then,the frequency security criterion considering DFRs’performance is constructed,whose linearity makes it can be easily coupled into the system scheduling model and solved.Furthermore,a risk management model for DFRs considering frequency-chance-constraint is proposed to make a trade-off between cost and frequency security.Finally,the model is transformed into mixed integer second-order cone programming(MISOCP)and solved by the commercial solver.The proposed model is validated by the IEEE 30 and IEEE 118 bus systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U2066601)。
文摘With the rapid increase of distributed photovoltaic(PV) power integrating into the distribution network(DN), the critical issues such as PV power curtailment and low equipment utilization rate have been caused by PV power fluctuations. DN has less controllable equipment to manage the PV power fluctuation. To smooth the power fluctuations and further improve the utilization of PV, the regulation ability from the demandside needs to be excavated. This study presents a continuous control method of the feeder load power in a DN based on the voltage regulation to respond to the rapid fluctuation of the PV power output. PV power fluctuations will be directly reflected in the point of common coupling(PCC), and the power fluctuation rate of PCCs is an important standard of PV curtailment.Thus, a demand-side management strategy based on model predictive control(MPC) to mitigate the PCC power fluctuation is proposed. In pre-scheduling, the intraday optimization model is established to solve the reference power of PCC. In real-time control, the pre-scheduling results and MPC are used for the rolling optimization to control the feeder load demand. Finally,the data from the field measurements in Guangzhou, China are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in smoothing fluctuations of the distributed PV power.
基金sponsored by National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2012CB215102) for WuUS National Science Foundation Award (1135872) for VaraiyaHong Kong RGC Theme-based Research Project (T23-701/14-N) for Hui
文摘A future smart grid must fulfill the vision of the Energy Internet in which millions of people produce their own energy from renewables in their homes, offices, and factories and share it with each other. Electric vehicles and local energy storage will be widely deployed. Internet technology will be utilized to transform the power grid into an energysharing inter-grid. To prepare for the future, a smart grid with intelligent periphery, or smart GRIP, is proposed. The building blocks of GRIP architecture are called clusters and include an energy-management system （EMS）-controlled transmission grid in the core and distribution grids, micro-grids, and smart buildings and homes on the periphery; all of which are hierarchically structured. The layered architecture of GRIP allows a seamless transition from the present to the future and plug-and-play interoperability. The basic functions of a cluster consist of （1） dispatch, （2） smoothing, and （3） mitigation. A risk-limiting dispatch methodology is presented; a new device, called the electric spring, is developed for smoothing out fluctuations in periphery clusters; and means to mitigate failures are discussed.
