Analysis of the compound split transmission based on the four-port power split device

In order to identify all the appropriate system schemes for the compound split systems formed primarily with a four-port mechanical power split device, power transmission characteristics of the compound split systems was analyzed. Considering the structural symmetry and according to the different connection arrangement of the four ports, compound split system was classified into four types. Using black-box modeling method, the generalized models of the speed ratio, the torque ratio and the power split ratio were established. Moreover, a semi-invert diagram was used to distin- guish the different schemes in each type. The characteristics of the speed ratio, the torque ratio and the power split ratio in each domain were also analyzed and compared. Through the semi-invert dia- gram, a selection method based on the rated-power speed ranges in different schemes was presented and all suitable compound split systems were identified, which can be used as references for the scheme selection of this kind of continuously variable power split transmission.

IRS-Aided SWIPT Systems with Power Splitting and Artificial Noise

Intelligent reflecting surface(IRS) is regarded as a promising technology because it can achieve higher passive beamforming gain. In particular, the IRS assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT) system can make the information decoding receivers(IDRs) have a higher signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), and the energy harvesting receivers(EHRs) have the guarantee of minimum harvested energy threshold. Motivated by the above,in this paper, we use the power splitting(PS) at the user and introduce artificial noise(AN) into the access point(AP), so that the user in system can harvest energy and decode information simultaneously,further improve the security of user. We jointly optimize the beamforming matrix at AP, the reflection phase shift at IRS and the PS ratio, in order to maximize the user’s achievable secrecy rate, subject to the user’s minimum harvested energy threshold and AP’s transmission power. Due to the introduction of PS ratio, the coupling between variables is increased,and the complexity of the problem is significantly increased. Furthermore, the problem is non-convex, so we propose an efficient algorithm based on Taylor Formula, semi-definite relaxation(SDR) and alternating optimization(AO) to get the solution. Numerical results show that the proposed IRS-SWIPT system with PS and AN achieves significant performance improvement compared with other benchmark scheme.

Intelligent Reflecting Surface with Power Splitting Aided Symbiotic Radio Networks

The performance of symbiotic radio(SR)networks can be improved by equipping secondary transmitters(STs)with intelligent reflecting surfaces(IRSs).Since the IRS power consumption is a non-negligible issue for STs,we consider an IRS assisted SR system where the IRS operates under power splitting(PS)mode.We aim at minimizing the IRS power consumption for the ST under the quality of service constraints for both primary and secondary transmissions by optimizing the transmit beamforming,the reflect beamforming and the PS factor.The optimization problem is non-convex.To tackle it,an algorithm is proposed by employing the block coordinate descent,semidefinite relaxation and alternating direction method of multipliers techniques.Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Power Splitting Behavior of Star Gearing Based on Deformation Compatibility

The deformation compatibility equations and the torque balance equations of star gearing with three branches have been found based on the characteristic that the system composes a closed-loop of power flow. In consideration of the parts manufacturing errors, assembly errors, bearing stiffness and float, the power splitting rate of each star gear and the system were calculated by using the theory of equivalent mesh error. The effects of the errors, float and the bearing stiffness on power splitting were studied. The study provides a useful theoretical guideline for the design of star gearing.

Effect of Tooth Profile Modification on Vibration of Power Split Gear Transmission System

Based on Newton ' s second law,the bend-torsion-shaft coupling nonlinear dynamic model and equations of power split gear transmission system are established.According to the principle of tooth profile modification,the tooth profile modification is considered as time-varying gear backlash function acting along the line of action.Then the dynamic functions are solved by using Runge-Kutta numerical method.After analyzing the effect of tooth profile modification quantity( TPMQ) and relative tooth profile modification length( TPML) to the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of power split gear transmission,the following conclusions are drawn:1 The TPMQ of a certain stage transmission affects the vibration of its own stage more significantly than the other stage,and the coupling effect between two stages can be ignored usually in the modification design;2 If the first stage TPMLs are less than 0.3,the influence of the first stage TPMLs to the first stage transmission vibration is much more greatly than the influence of the second stage TPMLs to the first stage transmission vibration,or else both the first and second stage TPMLs affect the first stage transmission vibration largely.The same is true for the second stage TPMLs,and the cutoff value is 0.2;3 The TPMQ affects the vibration of power split gear transmission system more principally than the TPML,and should be top-priority in the modification design.

A multi-objective power flow optimization control strategy for a power split plug-in hybrid electric vehicle using game theory

Power flow optimization control,which governs the energy flow among engine,battery,and motor,plays a very important role in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEVs).Its performance directly affects the fuel economy of PHEVs.For the purpose of improving fuel economy,the electric system including battery and motor will be frequently scheduled,which would affect battery life.Therefore,a multi-objective optimization mechanism taking fuel economy and battery life into account is necessary,which is also a research focus in field of hybrid vehicles.Motivated by this issue,this paper proposes a multi-objective power flow optimization control strategy for a power split PHEV using game theory.Firstly,since the demand power of driver which is necessary for the power flow optimization control,cannot be known in advance,the demand power of driver can be modelled using a Markov chain to obtain predicted demand power.Secondly,based on the predicted demand power,the multi-objective optimization control problem is transformed into a game problem.A novel non-cooperative game model between engine and battery is established,and the benefit function with fuel economy and battery life as the optimization objective is proposed.Thirdly,under the premise of satisfying various constraints,the participants of the above game maximize their own benefit function to obtain the Nash equilibrium,which comprises of optimal power split scheme.Finally,the proposed strategy is verified compared with two baseline strategies,and results show that the proposed strategy can reduce equivalent fuel consumption by about 15%compared with baseline strategy 1,and achieve similar fuel economy while greatly extend battery life simultaneously compared with baseline strategy 2.

Dynamics of a Dual Power-split Transmission Based on Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis

In order to implement the dynamic characteristic of a dual power-split transmission, a dynamic me- chanics model is built. Firstly, according to the method of theoretical analysis of the tooth contact analysis （TCA） and loaded tooth contact analysis （LTCA）, the actual meshing process of each gear pairs is simulated, and the time-varying mesh stiffness excitations are obtained, which can improve the numerical precision. Second- ly, by using the lumped mass method, the bending-torsional coupling three dimensional dynamic model of the dual power-split transmission is established, and the identical dimensionless equations are deduced by elimina- ting the effect of rigid displacement and the method of dimensional normalization. Finally, by the method of the fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm with variable step lengths, the responses of this system in a frequency domain and time domain are obtained, and the dynamic load change characteristics of each gear pairs are analyzed. The results show that the establishment, solution and analysis of the system dynamics model could provide a basis for the dynamic design, and have an important significance for the dynamic efficiency analysis and dynamic perform- ance optimization design of the dual power-split transmission.

Modeling and optimal energy management of a power split hybrid electric vehicle

With the combination modes of engine and two electric machines,the power split device allows higher efficiency of the engine.The operation and of a power split HEV are analyzed,and the system dynamic model HEV is established event-driven for HEV forward system simulation dynamics controller design.Considering the mode,the fact the mode that the operation modes of is the are and the the is continuous theory.time-driven this for each structure selection of the controller built and the described finite with hybrid automaton control In control structure,process is depicted by the state mode machine(FSM).The multi-mode switch controller is designed to realize power distribution.Furthermore,vehicle operations programming are optimized,and finite the prediction nonlinear model horizon.predictive control(NMPC)strategy is applied by that implementing the dynamic(DP)and in the Comparative simulation The results optimal demonstrate strategy hybrid in control structure is effective feasible for HEV energy management design.NMPC is superior improving fuel economy.

Synthetical Efficiency-based Optimization for the Power Distribution of Power-split Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Now the optimization strategies for power distribution are researched widely, and most of them are aiming to the optimal fuel economy and the driving cycle must be preknown. Thus if the actual driving condition deviates from the scheduled driving cycle, the effect of optimal results will be declined greatly. Therefore, the instantaneous optimization strategy carried out on-line is studied in this paper. The power split path and the transmission efficiency are analyzed based on a special power-split scheme and the efficiency models of the power transmitting components are established. The synthetical efficiency optimization model is established for enhancing the transmission efficiency and the fuel economy. The identification of the synthetical efficiency as the optimization objective and the constrain group are discussed emphatically. The optimization is calculated by the adaptive simulated annealing （ASA） algorithm and realized on-line by the radial basis function （RBF）-based similar models. The optimization for power distribution of the hybrid vehicle in an actual driving condition is carried out and the road test results are presented. The test results indicate that the synthetical efficiency optimization method can enhance the transmission efficiency and the fuel economy of the power-split hybrid electric vehicle （HEV） observably. Compared to the rules-based strategy the optimization strategy is optimal and achieves the approximate global optimization solution for the power distribution. The synthetical efficiency optimization solved by ASA algorithm can give attentions to both optimization quality and calculation efficiency, thus it has good application foreground for the power distribution of power-split HEV.

高功率微波大口径相控阵天线拍波辐射方法研究

相控阵天线是未来高功率微波辐射系统的重要形式之一,是当前研究的热点。为了获得超高等效全向辐射功率,高功率微波天线均为大口径形式。而大口径相控阵天线在辐射高功率微波拍波过程中,存在波束分裂、增益下降问题。针对该问题,本文提出了一种大口径相控阵天线拍波辐射结构,采用“子阵-面阵”两级馈电形式,解决了拍波辐射过程中波束分裂问题,有效提高了高功率微波系统的综合性能。该方法极大地节约了移相器数量,节省了系统成本,降低了系统复杂度,有利于实现高功率微波系统的小型化,提高系统的可靠性。

混合动力汽车功率分流传动系统扭转振动及其影响因素研究

针对某款混合动力汽车,综合考虑发动机、电机、复合行星齿轮机构、离合器、减速器、差速器和半轴等部件,采用集中质量法建立功率分流传动系统动力学模型。在此基础上,分析不同运行工况下传动系统固有频率和振型,分别研究电机和发动机激振频率与传动系统固有频率之间的关系,仿真分析扭转减振器刚度对传动系统固有频率的影响规律,通过改变扭转减振器刚度从而使得传动系统共振转速远离发动机常用工作区。

功率分流混合动力系统模式切换连续瞬态冲击机理及其性能客观评价

针对功率分流混合动力系统模式切换过程连续瞬态冲击机理尚不明确且缺乏客观评价指标和方法的问题,本文探究了模式切换连续瞬态冲击机理及其性能客观评价方法。首先,结合动力传动系统高动态性能测试台架,建立了考虑转矩过零、齿轮副啮合时变刚度、齿隙及驱动电机转矩脉动的功率分流混合动力专用变速器(DHT)瞬态扭振模型;其次,研究了DHT模式切换过程转矩过零变化机理,提出了考虑转矩过零次数和模式切换时间的连续瞬态冲击性能时域评价指标,并采用短时傅里叶变换方法建立了基于冲击度时频特性的频域评价指标;最后,以纯电动向功率分流混动模式切换过程为例,采用变异系数法对不同加速踏板开度和齿隙影响下的连续瞬态冲击性能进行了客观分析评价。结果表明,功率分流DHT动力输出端转矩频繁过零和齿隙间的耦合作用是引发模式切换过程连续瞬态冲击的主要原因,减小齿隙可降低最大振幅频率100~200 Hz范围内的连续瞬态冲击;同时,根据综合评价得分对比,得到了模式切换过程连续瞬态冲击性能优化参数,本研究可为功率分流混合动力系统模式切换平顺性协调控制策略优化提供支撑。

拖拉机液压功率分流无级变速箱设计

为适应拖拉机复杂的作业工况并提高其作业效率,提出一种单行星输入耦合型液压功率分流无级变速箱的设计方案。依据拖拉机配套动力与速度要求进行变速箱参数设计与结构设计,基于SolidWorks构建变速箱虚拟样机,并基于AMESim构建变速箱传动系统模型,对其整机调速特性进行分析。研究结果表明:该变速箱可以实现拖拉机在0~30 km/h范围内的无级调速,且在犁耕等重点工况下具有较小的液压分流功率从而实现节能;该变速箱在段位切换时需要将泵马达排量比从1快速调制-0.85,通过快速的马达反向实现行星排复位与换段前后的速度衔接。对我国无级变速拖拉机的国产化设计与应用具有一定的参考价值。

功率分流式混合动力汽车整车参数匹配与优化研究

针对功率分流式混合动力汽车,首先根据整车设计参数及动力性能目标要求,分别对电机、动力电池组、发动机、主减速器和行星排等传动系统部件进行参数匹配,并运用AVL-Cruise软件建立目标车辆整车模型;其次在满足动力性能目标的前提下,运用AVL-Cruise和Isight软件搭建联合仿真模型,分别采用粒子群优化算法和多岛遗传算法,将行星排特征参数和主减速器传动比作为优化参数,百公里油耗和电耗加权之和作为优化目标进行优化研究,并对比分析2种优化算法的计算结果来获得兼顾动力性能和经济性的最优结构参数,为研究功率分流式混合动力汽车传动系统提供理论依据。

无线携能通信下mmWave协作通信小单元的能效最优策略

针对无线携能通信(SWIPT)网络中的能量与信息同时传输阶段的优化问题,以最大化链路能量效率为目标,提出一种SWIPT下mmWave协作通信小单元的能效最优策略。该策略在最小链路传输速率和最小收集能量的联合约束下,在能量受限型用户设备的接收端采用功率分流工作模式,通过优化发射功率控制和功率分流因子,最大化系统链路能量效率。针对原问题是一个非凸的分式规划问题,具有NP难性质,采用Dinkelbach方法将目标函数转化为易于求解的凸优化问题,并设计一个交叉迭代的算法求出最优解。仿真实验结果表明,提出的策略在优化系统能量效率性能上要优于传统功率控制方法和最大发射功率法。

多种构型超临界CO_(2)循环热力学解构分析与参数优化

新型超临界CO_(2)(S-CO_(2))循环可通过流程改良提高效率,构型复杂多样。为了直观阐明各种流程改良措施对循环效率提升的作用机制,本文将预压缩、后压缩、再压缩、间冷、再热等五种构型的S-CO_(2)循环解构为若干热功转换过程,建立各解构过程与循环效率之间的关联方程,进而开展流程参数优化。研究结果表明,预压缩、后压缩和再压缩方案均是通过增加压缩耗功,减少吸热量实现循环效率提升,其中再压缩方案效果最优,再压缩流量优化后循环效率提高5.1%;采用部分间冷方案,可有效降低压缩功耗,同时避免高品位热量贬值,间冷压力优化后循环效率提高2.2%;再热方案在不改变压缩耗功的前提下,增加透平出功,再热压力优化后循环效率提高1.9%;最后,循环联用再压缩、间冷和再热三种节能措施,可使效率提高9.3%。

齿轮传动系统可靠性分配数字化设计与研究

随着齿轮传动系统向着高复杂性、多传动样式和高可靠性等方向发展,快速准确地对齿轮传动系统进行可靠性分配变得越来越重要。针对现有可靠性分配方法存在的考虑因素不全面、同一参数不同分配方法变化范围不统一、不便于数字化软件开发等问题,提出了改进电子设备可靠性咨询组(Advisory Group on Reliability of Electronic Equipment,AGREE)分配法,扩展了评分分配法;探讨了可靠性分配方法的数字化特征,建立了齿轮传动系统的基本可靠性与任务可靠性模型,研究了可靠性模型自动生成的遍历算法;开发了定轴轮系、行星轮系和混合轮系可靠性快速分配的数字化平台,设计了输入模块、计算模块、结果显示模块和输出模块等4个独立模块;通过与实例结果的比较,该软件计算结果的准确性得到了验证;同时也实现了齿轮传动系统可靠性分配的参数化建模与自动化生成算例报告等功能,提高了可靠性分配模型精度和计算效率。

Analysis and Optimization of Transient Mode Switching Behavior for Power Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Clutch Collaboration

The power split hybrid electric vehicle(HEV)adopts a power coupling configuration featuring dual planetary gearsets and multiple clutches,enabling diverse operational modes through clutch engagement and disengagement.The multi-clutch configuration usually involves the collaboration of two clutches during the transient mode switching process,thereby substantially elevating control complexity.This study focuses on power split HEVs that integrate multi-clutch mechanisms and investigates how different clutch collaboration manners impact the characteristics of transient mode switching.The powertrain model for the power-split HEV is established utilizing matrix-based methodologies.Through the formulation of clutch torque curves and clutch collaboration models,this research systematically explores the effects of clutch engagement timing and the duration of clutch slipping state on transient mode switching behaviors.Building upon this analysis,an optimization problem for control parameters pertaining to the two collaborative clutches is formulated.The simulated annealing algorithm is employed to optimize these control parameters.Simulation results demonstrate that the clutch collaboration manners have a great influence on the transient mode switching performance.Compared with the pre-calibrated benchmark and the optimal solution derived by the genetic algorithm,the maximal longitudinal jerk and clutch slipping work during the transient mode switching process is reduced obviously with the optimal control parameters derived by the simulated annealing algorithm.The study provides valuable insights for the dynamic coordinated control of the power-split HEVs featuring complex clutch collaboration mechanisms.

10 bit高速低功耗SAR ADC设计

基于TSMC40 nm工艺,提出一种高速低功耗逐次逼近型模数转换器。设计电路采用全差分结构,基于vcm-based电容拆分技术解决先进工艺下难以设计精准VCM电平和复杂逻辑的问题,采用double-tail动态比较器实现高速和低功耗,采用TSPC触发器设计SAR逻辑进一步提高速度和降低功耗,采用异步时序,通过环路自身产生比较器时钟,不需要外接时钟信号,降低设计复杂度。在150 MHz采样频率,1.1 V电源电压,奈奎斯特的输入频率下,对该设计进行仿真,仿真结果表明,SAR ADC的ENOB=9.93 bit,SNDR=61.6 dB,SFDR=78.6 dB。

双流耦合构型混合动力拖拉机旋耕工况控制策略研究

大功率拖拉机作业时载荷冲击会造成发动机的输出转矩大范围波动,为减小载荷冲击对拖拉机动力单元的影响,提出以发动机和双电机为动力源的拖拉机双流耦合动力系统构型,以减小载荷冲击引起的动力传动系统换挡频次。基于Haar小波分解提出了基于功率预测的转矩分配策略,首先记录拖拉机的作业参数,基于径向基神经网络对拖拉机旋耕作业时的功率需求进行预测,由Haar小波变换确定高频和低频转矩需求值的范围,并分别由电机和发动机提供。最后,通过硬件在环试验对提出的动态转矩分配进行了可行性验证,测试结果表明:提出的基于神经网络功率需求预测模型对行驶端和动力输出端(Power take-off,PTO)的功率进行预测,实际值和预测值均方根误差分别占最大功率的7.6%和7.9%;提出的转矩分配策略能够应对拖拉机旋耕时的载荷波动。发动机转矩波动与传统构型相比减小35.0%,有效地缩小了发动机转矩波动范围,缓解了拖拉机作业时载荷冲击对发动机的影响。