An entransy dissipation-based optimization principle for solar power tower plants

The entransy theory, which can be used to optimize the heat transfer network of a solar power tower system （SPTS） and im- prove its energy efficiency, was introduced in this paper. Firstly, the irreversibility of the heat transfer processes in a SPTS was analyzed and the total entransy dissipation equation of a SPTS was derived. Then, two types of optimization problems （reduc- ing the total circulating flow rate or the total heat-exchanging area） of a SPTS were solved with conditional extremum model based on the formulas of total entransy dissipation. Finally, the entransy dissipation-based optimization principle was applied to a simple SPTS without re-heater and a complex SPTS with a re-heater. The results showed that under the chosen calculation conditions the minimum total thermal conductance was 19306.03 W K-~ for a SPTS without re-heater when the total heat ca- pacity rate of heat transfer fluid （HTF） was 3200 W K-1. The minimum total thermal conductance was about 7.9% lower than the value predicted based on the typical outlet temperature of a receiver. This meant that the total heat exchange area or initial investment could be effectively reduced under the prescribed total HTF circulating flow rate. We also studied the variation trends of the two optimized results including minimum total HTF heat capacity rate and minimum total thermal conductance. The minimum total HTF heat capacity rate decreased with the given total thermal conductance, the minimum total thermal conductance decreased first and then increased with the given total HTF heat capacity rate. We also found that for a SPTS with a re-heater, the mixing temperature and the mixing position of HTF had significant effects on the two types of optimization problems.

Impacts of solar multiple on the performance of direct steam generation solar power tower plant with integrated thermal storage

Solar multiple （SM） and thermal storage capacity are two key design parameters for revealing the performance of direct steam generation （DSG） solar power tower plant. In the case of settled land area, SM and thermal storage capacity can be optimized to obtain the minimum levelized cost of electricity （LCOE） by adjusting the power generation output. Taking the dual-receiver DSG solar power tower plant with a given size of solar field equivalent electricity of 100 MWe in Sevilla as a reference case, the minimum LCOE is 21.77 /kWhe with an SM of 1.7 and a thermal storage capacity of 3 h. Besides Sevilla, two other sites are also introduced to discuss the influence of annual DNI. When compared with the case of Sevilla, the minimum LCOE and optimal SM of the San Jose site change just slightly, while the minimum LCOE of the Bishop site decreases by 32.8% and the optimal SM is reduced to 1.3. The influence of the size of solar field equivalent electricity is studied as well. The minimum LCOE decreases with the size of solar field, while the optimal SM and thermal storage capacity still remain unchanged. In addition, the sensitivity of different investment in sub-system is investigated. In terms ofoptimal SM and thermal storage capacity, they can decrease with the cost of thermal storage system but increase with the cost of power generation unit.

The changing process and trend of ground temperature around tower foundations of Qinghai-Tibet Power Transmission line

After the construction of Qinghai-Tibet Highway and Railway, the Qinghai-Tibet Power Transmission(QTPT) line is another major permafrost engineering project with new types of engineering structures. The changing process and trend of ground temperature around tower foundations are crucial for the stability of QTPT. We analyzed the change characteristics and tendencies of the ground temperature based on field monitoring data from 2010 to 2014. The results reveal that soil around the tower foundations froze and connected with the artificial permafrost induced during the construction of footings after the first freezing period, and the soil below the original permafrost table kept freezing in subsequent thawing periods. The ground temperature lowered to that of natural fields, fast or slowly for tower foundations with thermosyphons,while for tower foundations without thermosyphons, the increase in ground temperature resulted in higher temperature than that of natural fields. Also, the permafrost temperature and ice content are significant factors that influence the ground temperature around tower foundations. Specifically, the ground temperature around tower foundations in warm and ice-rich permafrost regions decreased slowly, while that in cold and ice poor permafrost regions cooled faster. Moreover, foundations types impacted the ground temperature, which consisted of different technical processes during construction and variant of tower footing structures. The revealed changing process and trend of the ground temperature is beneficial for evaluating the thermal regime evolution around tower foundations in the context of climate change.

Full scale experimental study of a small natural draft dry cooling tower for concentrating solar thermal power plant

Concentrating solar thermal power system can provide low carbon,renewable energy resources in countries or regions with strong solar irradiation.For this kind of power plant which is likely to be located in the arid area,natural draft dry cooling tower is a promising choice.To develop the experimental studies on small cooling tower,a 20 m high natural draft dry cooling tower with fully instrumented measurement system was established by the Queensland Geothermal Energy Centre of Excellence.The performance of this cooling tower was measured with the constant heat input of 600 kW and 840 kW and with ambient temperature ranging from 20 ℃ to 32 ℃.The cooling tower numerical model was refined and validated with the experimental data.The model of 1 MW concentrating solar thermal supercritical CO2 power cycle was developed and integrated with the cooling tower model.The influences of changing ambient temperature and the performance of the cooling tower on efficiency of the power system were simulated.The differences of the mechanism of the ambient temperature effect on Rankine cycle and supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle were analysed and discussed.

A New Principle of Fault Identification of on the Same Tower Based on Traveling Wave Reactive Powers

In order to improve the reliability of fault identification of the double-circuit transmission lines on the same tower, a new algorithm for fast protection of double-circuit transmission lines on the same tower based on the reactive powers of traveling wave is proposed. With the implementation of S-transform, the initial traveling wave reactive powers are calculated and the change characteristics of reactive power under different fault conditions are studied. The protection criterion is constructed by analyzing the ratio of the reactive powers of the same end on double-circuit transmission lines and the ratio of the reactive powers at both ends on the same line. According to the ratio of reactive power on the same side of the line and both ends of the same line, it is possible to identify whether the faults of the double-circuit line of the same tower occurred in or out of the protection zone. A large number of simulation results show that the protection performance is sensitive and reliable, and quick to respond. The criterion is simple and is basically not affected by fault initial angles, fault types, and transitional resistances.

The Towering Zeta Function

Over a century and half has passed when Bernhard Riemann hypothesized that the non-trivial roots of the Riemann zeta function ζ(s) all lie on the half-line . In this paper the Zeta function is iterated as a power tower and its properties are applied as an approach to an indication that the Riemann hypothesis might be true. It is known that complex valued Power towers converge under certain conditions to exponential power towers of entire functions. These properties can be used to resolve the Riemann Hypothesis.

Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Solar Tower Receiver Using Internal Fins

The receiver is an important element in solar energy plants.The principal receiver’s tubes in power plants are devised to work under extremely severe conditions,including excessive heat fluxes.Half of the tube’s circumference is heated whilst the other half is insulated.This study aims to improve the heat transfer process and reinforce the tubes’structure by designing a new receiver;by including longitudinal fins of triangular,circular and square shapes.The research is conducted experimentally using Reynolds numbers ranging from 28,000 to 78,000.Triangular fins have demonstrated the best improvement for heat transfer.For Reynolds number value near 43,000 Nusselt number(Nu)is higher by 3.5%and 7.5%,sequentially,compared to circular and square tube fins,but varies up to 6.5%near Re=61000.The lowest friction factor is seen in a triangular fin receiver;where it deviates from circular fins by 4.6%,and square fin tubes by 3.2%.Adding fins makes the temperature decrease gradually,and in the case of no fins,the temperature gradient between the hot tube and water drops sharply in the planed tube by 7%.

动态风向变化下风力机叶片和塔架应力及功率特性分析

风向变化显著影响风力机气动载荷分布,从而影响风力机稳定高效的运行,而气动载荷是风力机结构应力和功率变化主要影响因素之一。该文以S翼型三叶片水平轴风力机为研究对象,在旋转平台上进行风洞实验,对不同风向变化速度(0.5°、1°、1.5°、2°/s)下风力机叶片和塔架的应力以及风力机功率特性进行分析。结果表明:风向变化速度为0.5°/s时,在风向由0°变化到30°时,叶片弦向和展向应力值和风力机功率下降幅度最大;在风向由0°变化到20°时,叶片应力值和功率下降较为缓慢,风向变化结束后,风力机应力与功率会进一步减小;风向变化角度在0°~20°范围内,受叶片转速和气动载荷下降速度与风向变化耦合作用的影响,塔架应力值出现较大波动,并随风向变化速度的增加,波动出现的区间从15°~20°提前到0°~5°;风向变化结束后,叶片转速持续下降,造成塔架应力仍有不同程度的波动。结果可为考虑风向变化下运行的风力机结构设计提供一定理论依据。

基于激光点云的电力杆塔倾斜角度计算方法

本文旨在提出一种基于无人机激光点云数据的电力杆塔倾斜角度自动精准计算方法,用于解决电力杆塔人工巡检验收环节中倾斜度计算效率低下、过程繁琐、难度较高的问题。本方法利用无人机激光雷达获取复杂环境下的电力杆塔点云,采用分层密度统计与塔身结构提取方法,生成电力杆塔中轴方向线,并计算其与杆塔所处位置铅垂线的夹角,得到电力杆塔倾斜角度。为验证本方法的有效性,选取了不同地点4个待验收的杆塔进行实验,通过模拟仿真与影响因素分析,探索了电力杆塔倾斜角度计算的精度。结果表明,本方法对电力杆塔倾斜角度计算的平均绝对误差为0.017 4?,验证了其在电力杆塔人工巡检验收环节中倾斜度计算的有效性与可靠性。

基于差分进化的塔式太阳能定日镜场布局优化

为提高塔式太阳能的辐射反射效率和发电性能,需要对定日镜场进行布局优化。采用日平均年光学效率的方法,计算分析定日镜年均余弦效率、大气衰减效率、截断效率及最大光学效率,为后续定日镜场的布置及优化提供评价指标。以西班牙Gemasolar塔式电站为例,采用密集campo的布置方法进行镜场初始化,验证了布置方法的高光学效率和高可靠性。采用差分进化算法对镜场进行优化,镜场年均综合效率由56.99%提高至59.03%,提升了3.58%,验证了该方法的有效性。

A New Water Saving Device of Swirling Flow for Cooling Towers

This paper is concerned with water saving for water-loop cooling tower system in power plants. A newly developed water saving device of swirling flow is presented. The key point is that the new water saving device makes the steam swirl up along the device wall rather than engender laminar flow in a corrugated plate. The corrugated plate device can save approximately 10 percent of the total lost water. In contrast to the scale model of corrugated plate water saving device, experimental analyses have demonstrated that the new water saving device of swirling flow is more efficient, with a capacity of saving more than 20 percent of water.

凉水塔变形监测与基坑敏感因子灰色关联分析

基坑开挖容易引起临近电厂凉水塔变形,是深基坑工程面临的主要难题之一。本文实地监测深基坑开挖对附近电厂凉水塔的影响,统计了基坑开挖过程中凉水塔地表垂直和水平位移、结构变形等参数。依托某实际工程,研究基坑开挖引起凉水塔变形预测方法,建立凉水塔地表垂直位移灰色预测模型。采用灰色关联分析确定基坑各敏感因素对凉水塔变形的影响程度,由大到小依次为:基坑与建筑物间距、土体弹性模量、围护结构厚度、土体内摩擦角、土体粘聚力。通过开展凉水塔变形监测与相关研究工作,相关研究理论能够为类似深基坑工程提供参考。

基于BIM技术的塔式光热电站建设过程应用

光热电站凭借其可储热、可调峰、可连续发电的优点,逐渐成为可再生能源领域的研究热点,但其建设过程涉及专业庞杂,建设内容多,项目实施过程存在时间紧,施工过程要求高,项目安全管理风险大等问题。基于此,基于BIM技术,以青海共和塔式光热发电项目为例,从BIM模型建设、碰撞检查、三维会审、工作量统计、4D进度管理、物料可视化管理、安全管控以及全过程数字化移交等方面对BIM技术在塔式光热电站建设过程进行了应用探索。结果表明:通过BIM多平台建模设计,打破了不同模型数据互通壁垒,实现了模型轻量化总装,提高了项目质量,可为光热电站项目高质量施工提供借鉴。

集成塔式太阳能的新型超临界压缩二氧化碳储能系统性能分析

随着可再生能源快速发展,储能技术在实现可再生能源大规模并网中起着至关重要的作用。与压缩空气储能系统相比,压缩超临界二氧化碳储能系统具有体积小、储能密度高的优势。该文提出集成塔式太阳能的简单回热压缩循环和再压缩循环的两种超临界压缩二氧化碳储能(supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage,SC-CCES)系统,并进行热力学分析和经济性分析。相较于集成塔式太阳能的SC-CCES参比系统,集成塔式太阳能的简单回热压缩和再压缩循环SC-CCES系统更有利于提高太阳能利用率,其光电转换效率分别为23.56%和28.77%,分别比参比系统高出2.63%和7.84%。提高储能压力和释能压力都可以有效提高系统的能量效率、光电转换效率、㶲效率和单位体积储存能量。此外,集成塔式太阳能的再压缩SC-CCES系统具有较好的经济性能,动态投资回收年限约6到7年,20年净现值(net present value,NPV)为23456.16×10^(3)美元,比耦合简单回热压缩系统高7956.69×10^(3)美元,内部收益率(internal rate of return,IRR)为17.55%。

基于改进粒子群算法的定日镜场优化设计模型

定日镜场是塔式光热电站的重要子系统.定日镜的优化布置问题是塔式光热电站建设需要解决的关键问题.以塔式光热电站的定日镜场为研究对象,建立阴影遮挡效率模型、余弦效率模型、截断效率模型以及大气透射率模型,得出定日镜场的光学效率.以镜场年平均输出热功率作为目标函数,建立非线性规划模型,用基于同心圆的粒子群算法进行圆形定日镜场的参数设计及优化求解.通过迭代寻优,找到年平均输出热功率最大时即可找到粒子的特征因子的最优解.

基于知识图谱的电力杆塔主要构件识别方法研究

电力杆塔主要构件的图像识别是无人机巡检的主要内容,准确识别杆塔构件对保障电网运行具有重要价值。为此,提出一种基于深度学习和知识图谱的电力杆塔主要构件识别方法。首先,建立不同构件类型的拓扑关系,形成杆塔空间知识图谱;其次,设计语义关系推理模型,融合构件语义特征与拓扑关系,得到增强特征;最后,拼接增强特征与原始特征,实现特征融合。实验表明:在未架线电力杆塔多目标识别方面,所提方法比Reasoning-RCNN、Cascade-RCNN及Faster-RCNN的识别效果好,能够精准识别杆塔主要构件,对无人机电力巡检具有参考价值。

台风灾害输电线路杆塔脆弱性与风险评估:以浙江省为例

台风大风可导致输电线路杆塔断裂倒塌等事故,影响电力系统运行安全,因而台风灾害输电线路杆塔风险评估具有重要意义。以浙江省全域杆塔为例,基于杆塔属性、地理信息及台风灾情资料,提出了一种基于“超额损失”的针对连续型和离散型变量的输电线路台风灾害杆塔脆弱性评估模型;利用68 a台风参数风场再分析数据,基于极值理论,建立了台风大风危险性评估模型;基于区域灾害系统理论,通过台风大风、杆塔脆弱性之间耦合分析,建立了台风输电线路杆塔风险评估模型。结果显示:台风大风危险性呈从东南向西北递减态势,随重现期增大呈非线性增大趋势,以20和100 a一遇极大风速为例,浙江省全域风速强度分别为23.5~50.9和32.6~68.9 m/s;台风影响下的杆塔综合脆弱性总体呈南高北低且与地形联系紧密的分布态势,脆弱性高值(>1)区域主要在浙中南和沿海地区;输电线路杆塔风险总体呈南高北低、沿海高内陆低的特点,局部差异性较大。应根据具体线路特点采取差异性较大的抗风策略。

基于深度学习的电力杆塔缺陷检测

针对目前无人机电力杆塔巡检过程中航拍图像背景复杂、杆塔组件尺寸差异大、缺陷种类多导致的巡检效率低和缺陷漏检率高等问题,本文提出一种动态位置查询引导的多尺度实例分割方法和基于图特征记忆的缺陷检测方法。所提实例分割方法通过提取多尺度航拍图像特征,选择特征中具有最高关注度分数的低分辨率像素,将其映射到高分辨率特征的相应位置,并添加边界框检测器以提高电力杆塔的分割精度。在缺陷检测算法中提出可学习的图特征描述符,构建了一个记忆库来提取关键元素,以获得更准确的样本特征,提高缺陷检测效率。本文方法在自建的两个缺陷检测数据集上与其他先进算法进行对比,实例分割box_AP和mask_AP相较于Mask2Former分别提升了7.6%和0.5%,缺陷检测算法AUROC分别比次优算法提高7.3%和1.6%,F1-Score分别比次优算法提高6.7%和6.9%,充分表明了本文算法出色的电力杆塔缺陷检测性能。

基于主材防屈曲的输电塔新型抗风加固方法研究

输电塔属于高柔结构,风致响应敏感。主材角钢作为输电塔的主要构件,其承载能力特别是受压抗失稳能力是影响输电塔抗风性能的主要因素。以提高主材角钢受压状态下的防屈曲能力为目的,兼顾考虑降低开螺栓孔对原主材的损伤,提出一种新型加固方法。并通过对6个足尺角钢构件进行加载试验,检验该新型方案的加固效果;分析不同加固参数对提升主材性能的影响;采用有限元方法对试验进行数值模拟,确立合理的有限元建模方法,为输电塔整塔加固方案设计提供依据。结果表明:该方案能够大幅提高构件的抗压承载力,并有效改善构件的延性;端部螺栓数目对加固效果影响明显;确定了抱箍间距的合理取值;拼接副主材的应力滞后对加固效果基本没有影响。

风电塔筒用C80高性能混凝土配合比设计研究

本文以天津地区某混凝土塔筒工程实例为依托,对C80截锥状塔筒用混凝土的配合比进行优化设计,研究水胶比和砂率对混凝土工作性能、力学性能及表观效果的影响。综合各项性能测试结果表明:当C80截锥状塔筒用混凝土的水胶比为0.22,砂率为32%时,混凝土的工作性能、力学性能较优,且能够满足工程实际需求,可为该类现场预制塔筒构件用高强高性能混凝土的配合比设计提供技术参考。