The Upper Lillooet River Hydroelectric Project （ULHP） is a run-of-river power generation scheme located near Pemberton, British Columbia, Canada, consisting of two separate hydroelectric facilities （HEFs） with a c...The Upper Lillooet River Hydroelectric Project （ULHP） is a run-of-river power generation scheme located near Pemberton, British Columbia, Canada, consisting of two separate hydroelectric facilities （HEFs） with a combined capacity of 106.7 MW. These HEFs are owned by the Upper Lillooet River Power Limited Partnership and the Boulder Creek Power Limited Partnership, and civil and tunnel construction was completed by CRT-ebc. The Upper Lillooet River HEF includes the excavation ofa 6 m wide by 5.5 m high and approximately 2500 m long tunnel along the Upper Lillooet River Valley. The project is in a moun- tainous area; severe restrictions imposed by weather conditions and the presence of sensitive wildlife species constrained the site operations in order to limit environmental impacts. The site is adjacent to the Mount Meager Volcanic Complex, the most recently active volcano in Western Canada. Tunneling conditions were very challenging, including a section through deposits associated with the most recent eruption from Mount Meager Volcanic Complex （-2360 years before the present）. This tunnel section included welded breccia and unconsolidated deposits composed of loose pumice, organics （that represent an old forest floor）, and till, before entering the underlying tonalite bedrock. The construction of this section of the tunnel required cover grouting, umbrella support, and excavation with a combination of road header, hydraulic hammer, and drilling-and-blasting method. This paper provides an overview of the project, a summary of the key design and construction schedule challenges, and a description of the successful excavation of the tunnel through deposits associated with the recent volcanic activity.展开更多
The Geheyan Power Station on the Qingjiang river has four inlet tunnels, on the right bank, with its excavation diameter of 11.3 m to 12.5 m, after lining diameter of 9.5 m, axis to axis spacing of 24 m. The thickness...The Geheyan Power Station on the Qingjiang river has four inlet tunnels, on the right bank, with its excavation diameter of 11.3 m to 12.5 m, after lining diameter of 9.5 m, axis to axis spacing of 24 m. The thickness of the pillar between tunnels should usually be more than two times of tunnel diameter to ensure the stability of surrounding rock during excavation. In this paper, the excavation methods of tunnels with the pillar thickness as small as the tunnel diameter, such as smooth surface blasting, shotcrete support protection, are emphatically discussed.展开更多
For the multipath fading on electromagnetic waves of wireless communication in the confined areas,the rectangular tunnel cooperative communication system was established based on the multimode channel model and the ch...For the multipath fading on electromagnetic waves of wireless communication in the confined areas,the rectangular tunnel cooperative communication system was established based on the multimode channel model and the channel capacity formula derivation was obtained.On the optimal criterion of the channel capacity,the power allocation methods of both amplifying and forwarding(AF) and decoding and forwarding(DF) cooperative communication systems were proposed in the limitation of the total power to maximize the channel capacity.The mode selection methods of single input single output(SISO) and single input multiple output(SIMO) models in the rectangular tunnel,through which the higher channel capacity can be obtained,were put forward as well.The theoretical analysis and simulation comparison show that,channel capacity of the wireless communication system in the rectangular tunnel can be effectively enhanced through the cooperative technology;channel capacity of the rectangular tunnel under complicated conditions is maximized through the proposed power allocation methods,and the optimal cooperative mode of the channel capacity can be chosen according to the cooperative mode selection methods given in the paper.展开更多
为改善电力管廊的通风效果,依托北京新机场高速公路综合管廊工程,采用数值分析与现场试验的方法,对电力舱通风规律进行系统研究。在得到初步规律的基础上,通过改变通风方式、通风口位置和电缆布局,对比研究机械进风自然排风和自然进风...为改善电力管廊的通风效果,依托北京新机场高速公路综合管廊工程,采用数值分析与现场试验的方法,对电力舱通风规律进行系统研究。在得到初步规律的基础上,通过改变通风方式、通风口位置和电缆布局,对比研究机械进风自然排风和自然进风机械排风、通风口设在管廊顶部和两侧、10 k V和110 k V电缆交换位置3类6种工况下的通风效果。结果表明:1)现有正常通风条件下,从进风口到排风口,进风口处气流组织混乱;同时,由于在进风口处气流2次改变运动方向导致能量损失很大,致使可用于驱动管廊内空气的能量减小,通风效果下降,造成能源浪费。2)将通风口(风机)布置在电力舱两侧时,因初始风速与通风方向一致,避免了能量损失,有效提高了通风效果。研究显示,管廊中间断面的平均风速提高了0.31 m/s,变幅达39.6%;温度降低了1.6℃,变幅达6.1%;压力损失降低了13.7 Pa,变幅达30.4%,极大地改善了电力舱通风效果。3)在通风口(风机)位于顶部的条件下,对电缆布局优化后,10 k V电缆表面温度降低3.21℃,110 k V电缆表面温度升高1.68℃,纵断面平均温度下降0.365℃,电缆布局调整有利于降低舱内温度,减少压力损失。展开更多
文摘The Upper Lillooet River Hydroelectric Project （ULHP） is a run-of-river power generation scheme located near Pemberton, British Columbia, Canada, consisting of two separate hydroelectric facilities （HEFs） with a combined capacity of 106.7 MW. These HEFs are owned by the Upper Lillooet River Power Limited Partnership and the Boulder Creek Power Limited Partnership, and civil and tunnel construction was completed by CRT-ebc. The Upper Lillooet River HEF includes the excavation ofa 6 m wide by 5.5 m high and approximately 2500 m long tunnel along the Upper Lillooet River Valley. The project is in a moun- tainous area; severe restrictions imposed by weather conditions and the presence of sensitive wildlife species constrained the site operations in order to limit environmental impacts. The site is adjacent to the Mount Meager Volcanic Complex, the most recently active volcano in Western Canada. Tunneling conditions were very challenging, including a section through deposits associated with the most recent eruption from Mount Meager Volcanic Complex （-2360 years before the present）. This tunnel section included welded breccia and unconsolidated deposits composed of loose pumice, organics （that represent an old forest floor）, and till, before entering the underlying tonalite bedrock. The construction of this section of the tunnel required cover grouting, umbrella support, and excavation with a combination of road header, hydraulic hammer, and drilling-and-blasting method. This paper provides an overview of the project, a summary of the key design and construction schedule challenges, and a description of the successful excavation of the tunnel through deposits associated with the recent volcanic activity.
文摘The Geheyan Power Station on the Qingjiang river has four inlet tunnels, on the right bank, with its excavation diameter of 11.3 m to 12.5 m, after lining diameter of 9.5 m, axis to axis spacing of 24 m. The thickness of the pillar between tunnels should usually be more than two times of tunnel diameter to ensure the stability of surrounding rock during excavation. In this paper, the excavation methods of tunnels with the pillar thickness as small as the tunnel diameter, such as smooth surface blasting, shotcrete support protection, are emphatically discussed.
基金financial supports provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51274202)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2013RC11)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Project of Jiangsu Province (No.BA2012068)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Nos.BK20130199 and BK20131124)Ceeusro Prospective Joint Research Project of Jiangsu Province (No.BY2014028-01)Great Cultivating Special Project at China University of Mining and Technology (No.2014ZDPY16)
文摘For the multipath fading on electromagnetic waves of wireless communication in the confined areas,the rectangular tunnel cooperative communication system was established based on the multimode channel model and the channel capacity formula derivation was obtained.On the optimal criterion of the channel capacity,the power allocation methods of both amplifying and forwarding(AF) and decoding and forwarding(DF) cooperative communication systems were proposed in the limitation of the total power to maximize the channel capacity.The mode selection methods of single input single output(SISO) and single input multiple output(SIMO) models in the rectangular tunnel,through which the higher channel capacity can be obtained,were put forward as well.The theoretical analysis and simulation comparison show that,channel capacity of the wireless communication system in the rectangular tunnel can be effectively enhanced through the cooperative technology;channel capacity of the rectangular tunnel under complicated conditions is maximized through the proposed power allocation methods,and the optimal cooperative mode of the channel capacity can be chosen according to the cooperative mode selection methods given in the paper.
文摘为改善电力管廊的通风效果,依托北京新机场高速公路综合管廊工程,采用数值分析与现场试验的方法,对电力舱通风规律进行系统研究。在得到初步规律的基础上,通过改变通风方式、通风口位置和电缆布局,对比研究机械进风自然排风和自然进风机械排风、通风口设在管廊顶部和两侧、10 k V和110 k V电缆交换位置3类6种工况下的通风效果。结果表明:1)现有正常通风条件下,从进风口到排风口,进风口处气流组织混乱;同时,由于在进风口处气流2次改变运动方向导致能量损失很大,致使可用于驱动管廊内空气的能量减小,通风效果下降,造成能源浪费。2)将通风口(风机)布置在电力舱两侧时,因初始风速与通风方向一致,避免了能量损失,有效提高了通风效果。研究显示,管廊中间断面的平均风速提高了0.31 m/s,变幅达39.6%;温度降低了1.6℃,变幅达6.1%;压力损失降低了13.7 Pa,变幅达30.4%,极大地改善了电力舱通风效果。3)在通风口(风机)位于顶部的条件下,对电缆布局优化后,10 k V电缆表面温度降低3.21℃,110 k V电缆表面温度升高1.68℃,纵断面平均温度下降0.365℃,电缆布局调整有利于降低舱内温度,减少压力损失。
