为了提升对护手霜等黏稠物料的灌装速度,设计了新型双头垂直柱塞式灌装机构,并研究护手霜的流变特性,以及以不同灌装速度对其灌装推力产生的影响。选取市面上有较大占有率的某品牌护手霜为研究对象,利用旋转流变仪对其进行流变试验,并...为了提升对护手霜等黏稠物料的灌装速度,设计了新型双头垂直柱塞式灌装机构,并研究护手霜的流变特性,以及以不同灌装速度对其灌装推力产生的影响。选取市面上有较大占有率的某品牌护手霜为研究对象,利用旋转流变仪对其进行流变试验,并结合流变试验数据对其进行流变方程的拟合以及垂直柱塞式灌装机构设计,最后根据拟合得到的流变方程的参数对护手霜进行灌装流变仿真分析。通过对护手霜进行流变试验以及流变方程拟合发现,护手霜具有非牛顿流体的剪切稀化特性,在采用非牛顿流体幂律黏度模型(Non-Newtonian Power Law model)的流变方程有很好的拟合相关性,且拟合相关性达到了0.98以上。在对护手霜进行灌装仿真模拟,且以最大的灌装速度0.337 m/s对其进行灌装时,需要的最大的灌装推力为2251.145 N。能够为类似护手霜等非牛顿流体的灌装输送生产以及垂直柱塞式灌装机构的设计提供借鉴与理论的指导。展开更多
Interaction between two spheres with an interstitial fluid is essential in Discrete Element modeling for simulating the behaviors of 'wet' particulate materials. In this paper the interaction between two spher...Interaction between two spheres with an interstitial fluid is essential in Discrete Element modeling for simulating the behaviors of 'wet' particulate materials. In this paper the interaction between two spheres with an interstitial Power-law fluid was approximately resolved as normal and tangential interactive models respe ctively, for which the governing equations were simplified on the basis of Reynolds approximation. These equations were then solved analytically together with the boundary conditions to obtain the pressure distributions for each individual model, and event u-ally solutions of the viscous squeeze force and the tangential viscous resistance were obtained, which provide a set of solutions for implementing into DEM code or other purposes.展开更多
Geodetic observations have shown that there exist large differences in the viscosity of the deep lithosphere across many large strike-slip faults.Heterogeneity in lithospheric viscosity structure can influence the eff...Geodetic observations have shown that there exist large differences in the viscosity of the deep lithosphere across many large strike-slip faults.Heterogeneity in lithospheric viscosity structure can influence the efficiency of stress transfer and thus may have a significant effect on the earthquake cycle.Until now,how the lateral viscosity variation across strike-slip faults affects the earthquake cycles is still not well understood.Here,we investigate the effects of across-strike viscosity variation on long-term earthquake behaviors with a three-dimensional strike-slip fault model.Our model is a quasi-static model which is controlled by the slip-weakening friction law and powerlaw rheology.By comparing with the reference case,we find that low viscosity on one side of the fault results in a smaller rupture area but with a higher Coulomb stress drop on the ruptured fault region.In addition,low viscosity also leads to a small Coulomb stress accumulation rate.These combined effects increase the earthquake recurrence interval by approximately 10%and the earthquake moments by about 30%when the low viscosity is related to a geothermal gradient of 30 K/km.In addition,across-strike viscosity variation causes asymmetric interseismic ground surface deformation rate.As the viscosity contrast increases,the difference in the interseismic ground surface deformation rate between the two sides of the fault gradually increases,although the asymmetric feature is not pronounced.This asymmetry of interseismic ground deformation rate across a strike-slip fault is supposed to result in asymmetric coseismic deformation if the long-term plate motion velocity is invariant.As a result,this kind of asymmetry of interseismic deformation may influence the evaluation of potential earthquake hazards along large strike-slip faults with lateral viscosity contrast.展开更多
文摘为了提升对护手霜等黏稠物料的灌装速度,设计了新型双头垂直柱塞式灌装机构,并研究护手霜的流变特性,以及以不同灌装速度对其灌装推力产生的影响。选取市面上有较大占有率的某品牌护手霜为研究对象,利用旋转流变仪对其进行流变试验,并结合流变试验数据对其进行流变方程的拟合以及垂直柱塞式灌装机构设计,最后根据拟合得到的流变方程的参数对护手霜进行灌装流变仿真分析。通过对护手霜进行流变试验以及流变方程拟合发现,护手霜具有非牛顿流体的剪切稀化特性,在采用非牛顿流体幂律黏度模型(Non-Newtonian Power Law model)的流变方程有很好的拟合相关性,且拟合相关性达到了0.98以上。在对护手霜进行灌装仿真模拟,且以最大的灌装速度0.337 m/s对其进行灌装时,需要的最大的灌装推力为2251.145 N。能够为类似护手霜等非牛顿流体的灌装输送生产以及垂直柱塞式灌装机构的设计提供借鉴与理论的指导。
文摘Interaction between two spheres with an interstitial fluid is essential in Discrete Element modeling for simulating the behaviors of 'wet' particulate materials. In this paper the interaction between two spheres with an interstitial Power-law fluid was approximately resolved as normal and tangential interactive models respe ctively, for which the governing equations were simplified on the basis of Reynolds approximation. These equations were then solved analytically together with the boundary conditions to obtain the pressure distributions for each individual model, and event u-ally solutions of the viscous squeeze force and the tangential viscous resistance were obtained, which provide a set of solutions for implementing into DEM code or other purposes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (4207410592155204)the Joint Open Fund of Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory (No. MENGO-202004)
文摘Geodetic observations have shown that there exist large differences in the viscosity of the deep lithosphere across many large strike-slip faults.Heterogeneity in lithospheric viscosity structure can influence the efficiency of stress transfer and thus may have a significant effect on the earthquake cycle.Until now,how the lateral viscosity variation across strike-slip faults affects the earthquake cycles is still not well understood.Here,we investigate the effects of across-strike viscosity variation on long-term earthquake behaviors with a three-dimensional strike-slip fault model.Our model is a quasi-static model which is controlled by the slip-weakening friction law and powerlaw rheology.By comparing with the reference case,we find that low viscosity on one side of the fault results in a smaller rupture area but with a higher Coulomb stress drop on the ruptured fault region.In addition,low viscosity also leads to a small Coulomb stress accumulation rate.These combined effects increase the earthquake recurrence interval by approximately 10%and the earthquake moments by about 30%when the low viscosity is related to a geothermal gradient of 30 K/km.In addition,across-strike viscosity variation causes asymmetric interseismic ground surface deformation rate.As the viscosity contrast increases,the difference in the interseismic ground surface deformation rate between the two sides of the fault gradually increases,although the asymmetric feature is not pronounced.This asymmetry of interseismic ground deformation rate across a strike-slip fault is supposed to result in asymmetric coseismic deformation if the long-term plate motion velocity is invariant.As a result,this kind of asymmetry of interseismic deformation may influence the evaluation of potential earthquake hazards along large strike-slip faults with lateral viscosity contrast.
