Deep eutectic solvents:Green multi-task agents for sustainable super green hydrogen technologies

While reliance on renewable energy resources has become a reality, there is still a need to deploy greener and more sustainable methods in order to achieve sustainable development goals. Indeed, green hydrogen is currently believed to be a reliable solution for global warming and the pollution challenges arising from fossil fuels, making it the resilient fuel of the future. However, the sustainability of green hydrogen technologies is yet to be achieved. In this context, generation of green hydrogen with the aid of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) as green mixtures has been demonstrated as a promising research area. This systematic review article covers green hydrogen generation through water splitting and biomass fermentation when DESs are utilized within the generation process. It also discusses the incorporation of DESs in fuel cell technologies. DESs can play a variety of roles such as solvent, electrolyte, or precursor;colloidal suspension and reaction medium;galvanic replacement, shape-controlling, decoration, or extractive agent;finally oxidant. These roles are relevant to several methods of green hydrogen generation, including electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and fermentation. As such, it is of utmost importance to screen potential DES formulations and determine how they can function in and contribute throughout the green hydrogen mobility stages. The realization of super green hydrogen generation stands out as a pivotal milestone in our journey towards achieving a more sustainable form of development;DESs have great potential in making this milestone achievable. Overall, incorporating DESs in hydrogen generation constitutes a promising research area and offers potential scalability for green hydrogen production, storage,transport, and utilization.

Plasma-electrified up-carbonization for low-carbon clean energy

Low-value,renewable,carbon-rich resources,with different biomass feedstocks and their derivatives as typical examples,represent virtually inexhaustive carbon sources and carbon-related energy on Earth.Upon conversion to higher-value forms(referred to as“up-carbonization”here),these abundant feedstocks provide viable opportunities for energy-rich fuels and sustainable platform chemicals production.However,many of the current methods for such up-carbonization still lack sufficient energy,cost,and material efficiency,which affect their economics and carbon-emissions footprint.With external electricity precisely delivered,discharge plasmas enable many stubborn reactions to occur under mild conditions,by creating locally intensified and highly reactive environments.This technology emerges as a novel,versatile technology platform for integrated or stand-alone conversion of carbon-rich resources.The plasma-based processes are compatible for integration with increasingly abundant and cost-effective renewable electricity,making the whole conversion carbon-neutral and further paving the plasma-electrified upcarbonization to be performance-,environment-,and economics-viable.Despite the chief interest in this emerging area,no review article brings together the state-of-the-art results from diverse disciplines and underlies basic mechanisms and chemistry underpinned.As such,this review aims to fill this gap and provide basic guidelines for future research and transformation,by providing an overview of the application of plasma techniques for carbon-rich resource conversion,with particular focus on the perspective of discharge plasmas,the fundamentals of why plasmas are particularly suited for upcarbonization,and featured examples of plasma-enabled resource valorization.With parallels drawn and specificity highlighted,we also discuss the technique shortcomings,current challenges,and research needs for future work.

Advances in Electrochemical Oxidation of Olefins to Epoxides

Epoxides are important chemicals and used in multiple fields.The conventional thermal-catalytic production of epoxides consumes a large amount of energy and generates abundant carbon emissions.Therefore,sustainable manufacturing technologies are highly desired.Taking advantage of renewable electricity to drive electrochemical epoxidation reactions provides a novel approach to generating value-added products in the chemicals sector.This review describes the current progress of selective electrochemical oxidation of olefins to epoxides,which is categorized according to the different reaction mechanisms.The halide-mediated method is first discussed,followed by an overview of electrochemical epoxidations with H_(2)O and O_(2)-derived H_(2)O_(2).Moreover,the existing problems in this fast-growing field and future developing directions are pointed out.This review hopes to provide inspiration for the design of electrocatalysts,electrode materials,and electrolyzers for the electrochemical production of epoxides in a sustainable manner.

电解水制氢在丹麦能源系统中的发展与应用

电解水制氢技术,因其在绿氢产业链条中的重要作用,近年来在全球获得了广泛的关注和快速发展。作为绿色国度的代表,丹麦在提升电解水制氢相关技术及其产业链发展的同时,结合其能源系统固有特色,将电解水制氢这一设备层级技术与Power-to-X、风力发电、区域能源及海上能源岛等一系列能源系统升级和转型方案深度融合,从而达到相辅相成、相互促进的目的。针对这一特色,阐述了电解水制氢在丹麦的发展、应用现状及面临的挑战,为相关技术及产业的发展提供了国际上的经验与参考。