Study on Regionalization of High Efficiency Eco-agriculture in Eco-economic Zone of Poyang Lake

The high efficient eco-agricultural zone in Eco-economic Region of Poyang Lake was divided into three different areas. 12 indicators including per capita cultivated land,forest coverage,comprehensive utilization rate of straw,the ratio of the effective irrigation area to the arable land,amount of pesticide usage per unit area of arable land,the output value ratio of planting industry,the output value ratio of forestry and fruit industry,the output value ratio of stock farming,the output value ratio of fishery,the proportion of sown area of crop,proportion of sown area of oil plants and the proportion of sown area of vegetable were screened to construct the indicator system of regionalization of high efficient eco-agriculture. The average index values of the high efficient eco-agricultural regionalization of three regions were obtained,the development direction of the efficient eco-agriculture construction of three areas were analyzed according to the natural resources characteristics f eco-agricultural and requirements of high efficient eco-agricultural development of the regions.

Tourism Development Strategy in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Area from the Perspective of Industrial Cluster

As a regional tourism development strategy, tourism industrial cluster can promote the core competitiveness of tourism industry in advantageous regions and the great-leap-forward development of regions with less-developed tourism industry. The conditions of forming tourism industrial cluster in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Area was analyzed, the development strategies for tourism industry from the perspective of industrial cluster was put forward.

Study on Planning and Design Mode of Eco-agricultural Demonstration Base in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone

Guided by the Planning of Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone, traffic and geographic conditions of the Eco-agricultural Demonstration Base in the study area were analyzed, and design principles proposed as "adaptation to local conditions, scientific planning, benign circulation and sustainable development". Detailed planning and design was interpreted from the perspectives of infrastructure planning and functional area planning. Specifically, infrastructure construction should focus on traffic design, water, power and gas supply design, and also architectural design; while functional areas should be gradually developed from south section to central and then north section. It was to establish a design and planning mode that can be widely applied.

Spatio-temporal difference analysis of cultivated land use intensity based on emergy in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone of China

Taking the emergy requirements of the five input indexes as the foundation, this paper analyzes the total temporal and spatial changes in cultivated land use intensity in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone from 2000 to 2010. The results are obtained as follows： （1） Over a period of 10 years, the cultivated land use intensity has increased exponentially in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone; agricultural machinery intensity has been the largest proportion of the total inputs, comprising more than 99.50% and increasing year by year, which indicates that agricultural mechanization is a basic trend in agricultural development in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone. （2） The total number of counties belonging to the moderate- and low- intensity cultivated land use categories is the largest, while the number of counties belonging to the high-intensity cultivated land use and extensive cultivated land use categories is the smallest. （3） This zone can be divided into five areas： an eastern area of high-intensity cultivated land use, a central and eastern area of low-intensity cultivated land use, a central area of low-intensity cultivated land use, a southern area of moderate-intensity cultivated land use, and a northern area of moderate-intensity cultivated land use. （4） The counties which had a coordinated development between cultivated land use intensity and their socio-economic development level increase year by year, and the socio-economic development level had increasingly obvious effects on the cultivated land use intensity. Finally, this paper presents suggestions for the development of cultivated land use intensity in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone, especially for different levels of intensity among counties.

Sustainable Livelihood Security in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone:Ecologically Secure,Economically Efficient or Socially Equitable?

Sustainable Livelihood Security(SLS)remains a rarely considered yet important issue for rural sustainability and natural resource management.Particularly in China,rural SLS research in a typical area is urgently needed,but insufficient under the background of National Rural Revitalization and Ten-year Fishing Ban of Yangtze River.Focusing on the policy-targeted inland lake area,we proposed a Livelihood Security Analysis(LSA)framework by establishing an adaptive indicator system and integrating multiple econometrical and geographical methods.This study aims to evaluate the SLS in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone comprehensively from the three aspects of ecology,economy and society,analyze their spatial patterns,identify the main constraints,and finally give specific suggestions for improving rural sustainability management.The results showed that rural SLS in the inland great lake area tended to be vulnerable mainly due to the lagging economic efficiency and unbalanced social equality,and mediated by regional ecological characteristics.The overall SLS and Ecological Security Index(ESI)were higher in the north and lower in the south,while Economic Efficiency Index(EEI)and Social Equality Index(SEI)were at the middle level and circularly distributed around Nanchang City.The dominating factors which have greatly shaped the spatial pattern of SLS include rural per capita electricity consumption,fishery breeding area,population dependency ratio,urbanization rate,and fishery population.The obstacle degree is ranked as economic system>social system>ecological system.An outdated economy and incomplete social services are the main constraints,characterized by weak electricity consumption,limited beds in hospitals,low urbanization rate,deficient agricultural machinery power,and a small agricultural output value.Therefore,one urgent need is to activate the rural economy by reinforcing rural electric power facilities and promoting agricultural mechanization.In addition,transforming the peasants/fishermen to the non-agricultural sector should be accelerated,which will help to reduce ecological pressure,boost urban-rural integration and narrow the income gap.

假俭草不同种植方式在鄱阳湖区堤防的适宜性实证研究

河湖圩堤植被结构复杂,杂草杂灌较多,阻碍巡堤查险。研发新型圩堤植被控高技术,具有重要现实需求和广泛应用前景。在鄱阳湖典型堤防开展原位控高试验,利用假俭草易形成低矮致密草皮的特点,研究其控制圩堤植被高度的效果。研究了假俭草草皮间铺、茎段条播和茎段撒播三种种植方式下圩堤植被覆盖度变化、高度以及抑制杂草入侵的效果。结果表明,条播和撒播种植方式下假俭草覆盖度可在3个月内从20%提升至65%,2020—2022连续3年控高效率达31.48%~71.03%,植被群落组成与对照坡面显著不同。草皮间铺成本高于条播和撒播,撒播的覆盖速度高于条播,二者在控高和抑制杂草效果方面无显著差异,但撒播的成本低于条播。因此,假俭草可用于河湖圩堤植被管理,且茎段撒播适宜大面积推广应用。

环鄱阳湖区农村饮用水重金属健康风险评价

运用目前美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对环鄱阳湖区农村饮用水中重金属所引起的健康风险作了初步评价．结果表明：沙湖长古村、赣江中支、滁槎的Pb含量超过GB5749---2006（（生活饮用水卫生标准》，应引起高度重视；通过饮水途径所致健康风险中，非致癌物和致癌物所致风险都远低于国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）推荐的最大可接受风险水平（5×10^-5·a^-1），其中非致癌物引起的个人年均风险Zn〉Pb〉Cu，致癌物cd所致风险大于非致癌物，占总风险度的70．65％～96．04％，表明Cd是产生风险的主要污染物，因此，应优先考虑防治致癌物Cd对农村饮用水的污染．

鄱阳湖生态经济区A级旅游景区空间结构研究

通过ArcGIS和地理集中系数、基尼系数、洛伦兹曲线等数理方法,对鄱阳湖生态经济区A级旅游景区的空间结构进行了探讨和分析,将2004、2007、2010和2012年4个时间段A级景区的数量进行对比,并将新增景区与交通干线、重要水系进行叠置,动态分析A级景区空间结构的演化规律.研究结果表明:鄱阳湖生态经济区A级旅游景区在空间分布类型上属于集群分布,空间结构上呈多核-边缘结构,等级规模上为纺锤型结构,空间上呈现非均衡的分布态势,时间上呈现沿交通干线和主要水系的演变规律.

鄱阳湖区加州鲈网箱生态养殖模式的效果评估

为做好鄱阳湖区农(渔)民的"转捕为养、退田还湖"工作,发展适于湖区资源生态特点的高效渔业模式,2008—2011年在江西省都昌县鄱阳湖水域开展了加州鲈规模化网箱生态养殖试验,采用现场调查、生态监测与数据分析相结合的研究方法对养殖效益和生态经济效果进行了综合评估。结果表明,鄱阳湖的气候、生态和资源条件均适合加州鲈养殖,加州鲈年有效生长期8个月以上;2008—2011年网箱养殖的饵料系数分别为8.04、7.14、6.11和5.25,投入产出比分别是1︰1.53、1︰1.59、1︰1.77和1︰1.84,经济效益逐年递增;能量转换效率分别为0.18、0.20、0.24和0.29;生态效益也逐年提高;生态经济综合效价分别是0.36、0.42、0.58和0.70,增幅近1倍,表明该模式的经济效率、生态效率呈正相关关系,生态经济效益显著。此外,对本模式的碳汇价值和氮磷污染消减潜力的初步评估,得出2011年加州鲈网箱养殖固定的C、N、P达到7.08 t、1.18 t、0.57 t,碳汇价值评估最高可达4 250美元,相当于养殖毛利润的3.35%。加州鲈网箱生态养殖作为鄱阳湖区退田还湖的一种生态经济途径,有推广实施的价值,适宜规模的确定应以网箱养殖区小型野杂鱼类资源量的科学评估为基础。

鄱阳湖区休闲渔业发展水平研究

以2014年鄱阳湖周边12个县区为样本,选取了8个指标,运用综合指数法和聚类分析法对鄱阳湖休闲渔业发展进行了实证分析。研究表明,鄱阳湖区休闲渔业发展的综合评价指数低,区域差异大,整体处于初级发展阶段。进一步运用灰色关联分析探讨鄱阳湖休闲渔业发展的影响因素,从而提出编制总体规划、探索休闲渔业发展模式、加强产业联合、完善鄱阳湖区休闲渔业保障政策等四条对策,以促进鄱阳湖休闲渔业健康快速的发展,并将其培育成江西休闲旅游市场主打产品。

“农进渔退”:近世以来鄱阳湖区域宗族变迁——以余干县瑞洪西岗为中心

渔业是鄱阳湖区传统产业。20世纪下半叶湖区出现了明显的"农进渔退"。这对鄱阳湖区经济、生态与社会产生了重要的影响。宗族是中国传统社会基本组织形式之一。余干县瑞洪西岗村是鄱阳湖区渔业大村,以其为中心考察湖区宗族变迁有其典型性。鄱阳湖区域宗族的滥觞与发展同其渔业关系密切。1949年,国家的刚性介入使宗族迅速走向衰落,但其深层次的原因则是农进渔退使宗族失去了赖以存在的物质基础。随着人民公社的解体和社会经济的发展,宗族得以"复兴",并被赋予新的时代内涵。

“农进渔退”：清末以来鄱阳湖区水旱灾情的历史考察

渔业曾经是鄱阳湖区主导产业,明清以来圩堤围垦促进了湖区农业发展,鄱阳湖区成了著名的"鱼米之乡"。"农进渔退"成为近世以来鄱阳湖区及中国大湖区域开发利用的普遍形式。20世纪下半叶鄱阳湖区出现了明显的"农进渔退"。农进渔退引发鄱阳湖区生态环境系统的逆向演替,破坏了湖区的生态环境,农进渔退诱发水旱灾害发生及频发加剧,致使湖区水旱灾害日趋严重。"农进渔退"给湖区造成了巨大灾情,阻碍区域社会经济的发展。

论鄱阳湖区生态安全与生态建设

鄱阳湖是中国最大的淡水湖。鄱阳湖区生态安全具有重要的生态意义、经济意义、社会意义和国际意义。目前,鄱阳湖区生态安全面临着一系列问题和挑战,如水土流失、土地沙化、水旱灾害、耕地锐减、农田鼠害、农田渍害、土壤退化、环境污染、生物入侵、生物多样性衰退等。为确保新世纪鄱阳湖区生态安全,必须加强生态建设,并采取各种有效对策和措施。这包括:提高生态素质、开展植树造林、加强水利建设、实施退田还湖、调整产业结构、实行清洁生产、发展循环经济、增加物质投入、制定生态规划、完善法律法规、重视国际交流与合作。

鄱阳湖生态经济区发展“低碳农业”的若干思考与对策

鄱阳湖生态经济区发展"低碳农业"是调整农业结构、发展优势农业的必然要求,是实现农业现代化的现实选择,是新农村持续发展的有力保障。鄱阳湖生态经济区发展"低碳农业"应本着因地制宜、务实推进的原则,在发展模式上做出相应选择。要在相关法律法规的制定、技术创新、项目管理、领导宣传方面提供有力保障与支撑。

鄱阳湖区生态指标体系分析

以鄱阳湖区为研究对象,结合鄱阳湖区特征及生态建设需求,在遵循评价指标选取原则的基础上,初步建立了反映鄱阳湖区自然地理状态、社会经济特征、水环境特征、水生态特征、政府管理等综合功能特征的主要指标。通过对鄱阳湖区的水文、工程、生态、经济社会资料进行了调查研究。运用定量遥感方法反演鄱阳湖流域相关的水量、水质和生态环境特征参量,建立长时间序列的生态环境特征参数,综合分析鄱阳湖区生态系统特征。分析鄱阳湖区生态系统面临的主要问题,有针对性地提出了生态系统调控对策。为解决维持和增强鄱阳湖区生态系统的结构和功能、增大生态系统的负荷能力、保证生态系统服务功能的正常发挥提供全方位的数据支持。

20世纪下半叶鄱阳湖区“农进渔退”的正向生态效应

渔业是鄱阳湖区传统产业.明清以来圩堤围垦大大促进湖区农业发展,鄱阳湖区成为著名的"鱼米之乡"."农进渔退"成为近世以来鄱阳湖区及中国大湖区域开发利用的普遍形式.一项制度的安排或者政策的推行,其中必有利.20世纪下半叶鄱阳湖区出现明显的"农进渔退",其利就是一定时空条件下鄱阳湖区"农进渔退"的正向生态效应.

鄱阳湖区稻田水竹叶生物学特性及发生分布

通过对稻田水竹叶萌芽、出苗、生长、分枝、开花、结实、衰老、死亡等形态特征与生态特性的情况进行系统观察调查,综述了稻田水竹叶的生物学特性,研究了水竹叶的发生分布及在鄱阳湖区田间消长规律,提出了防控对策。

鄱阳湖区发展畜牧业造成的农业面源污染及其防治对策

对鄱阳湖区当前发展畜牧业所造成的农业面源污染问题进行了调查和分析,指出发展畜牧业(主要是养猪业)对鄱阳湖区经济发展有着重要意义,但同时也造成了严重的农业面源污染,给农业生产和人民生活带来诸多不利影响和危害。结合鄱阳湖区农业生产的实际,针对当前发展畜牧业造成的农业面源污染问题,提出了合理规划和选址、合理配制饲料、科学处理废弃物、实行农牧结合、加强周围环境绿化,以及加大资金投入等6项具体的防治对策和措施,可为有关部门对鄱阳湖区进行综合开发和治理提供科学依据和参考。

“农进渔退”:明清以来鄱阳湖区经济、生态与社会变迁的历史内涵

渔业是鄱阳湖区传统产业。明清以来圩堤围垦使鄱阳湖区成为我国重要的商品粮基地。明清至民国时期鄱阳湖区圩堤围垦的生态影响总体上协调可控,渔、农两大产业相辅相成,共同成就了其"鱼米之乡"的美誉。20世纪下半叶鄱阳湖区圩堤围垦快速发展,出现了明显的"农进渔退"。农业主体地位空前加强,渔业日益式微,湖区整体生态环境恶化,但在一定时空下"农进渔退"也有正向生态效应。渔民弃渔上岸成为农民,典型渔业社区嬗变为农村社会。湖区渔业械斗、草洲纠纷和水利案件随着"农进渔退"具有明显的阶段性特点。

鄱阳湖水环境研究主要关注的几个问题(Ⅰ)重金属污染演变

以鄱阳湖生态经济区建设为背景,在综述鄱阳湖历史与当前重金属污染研究现状的基础上,基于流域系统管理思想与生态水质目标发展理念,提出鄱阳湖水环境保护中重金属污染研究与管理中存在主要问题,并重点阐述在水资源开发、利用与研究中应加强的几个方面,为鄱阳湖流域生态系统管理和鄱阳湖水环境保护、水污染控制提供科学支撑。