Y2O3增强TC4合金焊激光熔覆仿真及微观组织性能研究

TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)钛合金因其低密度、高比强度和良好的加工性能,在航空航天、航海石油和国防等领域得到了广泛应用。然而,其硬度低、耐磨性差,限制了其在摩擦工况下的使用。基于涂层与TC4基材的相容性及基体对生成相的润湿性原理,在TC4表面制备了Ti基稀土激光熔覆层,研究了Y2O3对涂层显微硬度和耐磨性能的影响。通过COMSOL软件模拟单道和多道TC4粉末熔覆动态过程,结合试验研究温度变化与熔覆层厚度,阐明了熔覆机理并验证了模型的正确性。对熔覆层的组织结构和物相组成进行了详细分析,利用显微维氏硬度计测量熔覆层硬度,结果表明,Y2O3增加显著减少了气泡和裂纹数量,促进了组织细化。为TC4表面激光熔覆涂层的微观组织调控、成形质量提供了试验和理论依据。

Pr_2O_3/TiO_2纳米粒子的制备及其US/UV协同催化降解苯酚的研究

以钛酸丁酯为原料,用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法制备了Pr2O3/TiO2纳米粒子。采用X光衍射仪对粉体的物相进行了表征。样品经500℃焙烧2 h后,0.5%(摩尔分数)Pr3+-TiO2纳米粉末为单一的锐钛型结构。研究了US(超声波)/UV(紫外光)协同催化氧化水中苯酚的降解效果,考察了超声波声强、溶液pH值、反应温度和催化剂投加量对苯酚降解速率的影响。研究结果表明:US/UV协同催化氧化要比单独超声波或光化学处理效果显著,证实了声光联合技术具有明显的协同效应。

纳米TiO_(2)对NH_(3)-H_(2)O-LiBr工质降膜吸收性能的影响

为了探讨纳米TiO_(2)对三元NH_(3)-H_(2)O-LiBr工质降膜吸收的影响,本文利用数值分析建立了三元工作流体薄膜吸收的连续方程、能量方程和组分质量平衡方程,采用Matlab软件进行编程和计算纳米流体的降膜吸收性能,将其与实验数据进行对比验证,并进一步分析了纳米TiO_(2)质量分数、初始氨浓度、初始温度、冷却水进口温度、吸收压力和下降薄膜管长度对薄膜吸收性能的影响。研究表明:添加纳米TiO_(2)可以增强降膜吸收的传质速率,主要原因为液膜中氨的扩散系数增加。当纳米TiO_(2)质量分数从0%增加到0.1%、0.3%和0.5%时,扩散系数分别增加了3.44倍、6.42倍和11.76倍。此外,增加初始氨浓度、降低初始温度、提高冷却水进口温度或降低吸收压力都可以提高最终溶液的饱和度。

Modification of Nano-α-Al2O3 and Its Influence on the Surface Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane Resin Composite Passivation Films

Silane coupling agent KH560 was used to modify the surface of nano-α-Al2O3 in ethanol-aqueous solution with different proportions. The particle size of nano-α-Al2O3 was determined by nano-particle size analyzer, and the effects of nano-α-Al2O3 content, ethanol-aqueous solution ratio and KH560 dosage on the dispersion and particle size of nano-α-Al2O3 were investigated. The material structure before and after modification was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Aqueous polyurethane resin and inorganic components are combined with modified nano-α-Al2O3 dispersion to form chromium-free passivation solution. The solution is coated on the galvanized sheet, the adhesion and surface hardness are tested, the bonding strength of the coating and the surface hardness of the substrate are discussed. The corrosion resistance and surface morphology of the matrix were investigated by electrochemical test, neutral salt spray test and scanning electron microscope test. The chromium-free passivation film formed after the modification of nano-α-Al2O3 increases the surface hardness of galvanized sheet by about 85%. The corrosion resistance of the film is better than that of a single polyurethane film. The results show that the surface hardness and corrosion resistance of polyurethane resin composite passivation film are significantly improved by the introduction of nano-α-Al2O3.

Mg_(3)Y_(2)Ge_(3)O_(12)∶Pr^(3+)材料的多色发光及余辉性能

采用高温固相法制备了一种具有颜色变化的长余辉发光材料Mg_(3)Y_(2)Ge_(3)O_(12)∶Pr^(3+)。通过X射线衍射、激发发射光谱、余辉衰减及热释光曲线等,对样品的结构、发光及余辉性能进行了系统分析。在283 nm激发下,发射光谱在485 nm和609 nm处表现出两个较强的尖峰发射,分别归属于Pr^(3+)离子的^(3)P_(2)→^(3)H_(4)及^(3)P_(0)→3H6能级跃迁。通过对Pr^(3+)离子浓度的调控,有效改变了绿光和红光的相对发射强度,从而实现了发光颜色的多色化。此外,在激发光源停止后该材料同样具有多色的余辉发射,对于最佳样品(Mg_(3)Y_(2)Ge_(3)O_(12)∶0.015Pr^(3+))的余辉时间可达1200 s以上。之后,我们通过热释光曲线具体研究了陷阱的分布及余辉的充放能过程。结果表明,Mg_(3)Y_(2)Ge_(3)O_(12)∶0.015Pr^(3+)材料中浅陷阱的浓度相对较低从而导致室温下的余辉性能较弱。由于材料在高温区域具有超宽带陷阱分布,因此,我们进一步探究了其在高温下的多色长余辉性能。在本工作中,我们成功制备了一种单一离子激活的发光及余辉颜色可调的长余辉发光材料,考虑到其在室温以及高温条件下都具有发光及余辉颜色变化的特点,该材料在高温预警标识以及防伪领域有着潜在的应用价值。

Synthesis of Li^+ adsorbent(H_2TiO_3) and its adsorption properties

H2TiO3 was obtained from the acid-modified adsorbent precursor Li2TiO3,which was synthesized by a solid-phase reaction between TiO2 and Li2CO3.The extraction ratio of Li＋ from Li2TiO3 was 98.86%,almost with no Ti4＋ extracted.The effects of lithium titanium ratio,calcining temperature and time were investigated on the synthesis of Li2TiO3.Li2TiO3,H2TiO3 and the adsorbed Li＋ adsorbent were characterized by XRD and SEM.The lithium adsorption properties were investigated by the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm.The results indicate that H2TiO3 has an excellent adsorptive capacity for Li＋.Two simplified kinetic models including the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations were selected to follow the adsorption processes.The rate constants of adsorption for these kinetic models were calculated.The results show that the adsorption process can be described by the pseudo-second-order equation,and the process is proved to be a chemical adsorption.The adsorption process that H2TiO3 adsorbs Li＋ in LiCl solution well fits the Langmuir equation with monolayer adsorption.

Photocatalytic activity of TiO_2 supported SiO_2-Al_2O_3 aerogels prepared from industrial fly ash

A ternary composite of TiO2 and a SiO2-Al2O3 aerogel with good photocatalytic activity was prepared by a simple sol-gel method with TiO2 nanoparticles and SiO2-Al2O3 aerogels derived from industrial fly ash.The structural features of the TiO2/SiO2-Al2O3 aerogel composite were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,gas adsorption measurements and diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy.The optimal conditions for photocatalytic degradation of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol（DNBP],included an initial DNBP concentration of 0.167 mmol/L at pH = 4.86 with a catalyst concentration of 6 g/L,under visible light irradiation for 5 h.A plausible mechanism is proposed for the photocatalytic degradation of DNBP.Our composite showed higher photocatalytic activity for DNBP degradation than that of pure TiO2.This indicates that this material can serve as an efficient photocatalyst for degradation of hazardous organic pollutants in wastewater.

Morphology and Frictional Characteristics Under Electrical Currents of Al_2O_3/Cu Composites Prepared by Internal Oxidation

Two Al2O3/Cu composites containing 0.24 wt.% Al2O3 and 0.60 wt.% Al2O3 separately are prepared by internal oxidation. Effects of sliding speed and pressure on the frictional characteristics of the composites and copper against brass are investigated and compared. The changes in morphology of the sliding surface and subsurface are examined with scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum （EDS）. The results show that the wear resistance of the Al2O3/Cu composites is superior to that of copper under the same conditions, Under a given electrical current, the wear rate of Al2O3/Cu composites decreases as the Al2O3-content increases, However, the wear rates of the Al2O3/Cu composites and copper increase as the sliding speed and pressure increase under dry sliding condition. The main wear mechanisms for Al2O3/Cu composites are of abrasion and adhesion; for copper, it is adhesion, although wear by oxidation and electrical erosion can also be observed as the speed and pressure rise.

Pr^(3+),Hor^(3+)掺杂TiO_2纳米粒子的光催化性能

TiO2因具有化学性质稳定、成本低、难溶、无毒等特点,是理想的光催化剂,但由于其吸收光谱在紫外区,日光利用率低,故其应用受到限制.为了提高太阳能的利用率和光催化活性,需研究出可提高TiO2光催化活性的掺杂物,为此,以稀土元素氧化物和钛酸丁酯为原料,用溶胶 凝胶法制备掺杂有镨(Pr)和钬(Ho)稀土元素的TiO2纳米粒子,并用XRD,TEM手段对纳米粒子进行表征.以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察掺杂TiO2纳米粒子在自然光下的催化效果.实验结果表明,稀土掺杂能显著提高TiO2纳米粒子的光催化性能,当掺杂量为1%时,光催化剂的活性最高,而且,掺杂Ho的TiO2催化活性高于掺杂Pr的TiO2.

Preparation of α-Bi_2O_3 from bismuth powders through low-temperature oxidation

α-Bi2O3 powders were prepared from nanometer Bi powders through low-temperature oxidation at less than 873.15 K. XRD, SEM, TEM and HRTEM were used to characterize the structure and morphology of Bi powders and Bi2O3 particles. Kinetic studies on the bismuth oxidation at low-temperatures were carried out by TGA method. The results show that bismuth beads should be reunited and oxidized to become irregular Bi2O3 powders. The bismuth oxidation follows shrinking core model, and its controlling mechanism varies at different reaction time. Within 0-10 min, the kinetics is controlled by chemical reaction, after that it is controlled by O2 diffusion in the solid α-Bi2O3 layer. The apparent activation energy is determined as 55.19 kJ/mol in liquid-phase oxidation.

Designing ultrastable P2/O3-type layered oxides for sodium ion batteries by regulating Na distribution and oxygen redox chemistry

P2/O3-type Ni/Mn-based layered oxides are promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)owing to their high energy density.However,exploring effective ways to enhance the synergy between the P2 and 03 phases remains a necessity.Herein,we design a P2/O3-type Na_(0.76)Ni_(0.31)Zn_(0.07)Mn_(0.50)Ti_(0.12)0_(2)(NNZMT)with high chemical/electrochemical stability by enhancing the coupling between the two phases.For the first time,a unique Na*extraction is observed from a Na-rich O3 phase by a Na-poor P2 phase and systematically investigated.This process is facilitated by Zn^(2+)/Ti^(4+)dual doping and calcination condition regulation,allowing a higher Na*content in the P2 phase with larger Na^(+)transport channels and enhancing Na transport kinetics.Because of reduced Na^(+)in the O3 phase,which increases the difficulty of H^(+)/Na^(+) exchange,the hydrostability of the O3 phase in NNZMT is considerably improved.Furthermore,Zn^(2+)/Ti^(4+)presence in NNZMT synergistically regulates oxygen redox chemistry,which effectively suppresses O_(2)/CO_(2) gas release and electrolyte decomposition,and completely inhibits phase transitions above 4.0 V.As a result,NNZMT achieves a high discharge capacity of 144.8 mA h g^(-1) with a median voltage of 3.42 V at 20 mA g^(-1) and exhibits excellent cycling performance with a capacity retention of 77.3% for 1000 cycles at 2000 mA g^(-1).This study provides an effective strategy and new insights into the design of high-performance layered-oxide cathode materials with enhanced structure/interface stability forSIBs.

Interface characteristics of Al_2O_3－13%TiO_2 ceramic coatings prepared by laser cladding

Al2O3-13%TiO2 （mass fraction） coatings, prepared by laser cladding on nickel-based alloy, were heated using high frequency induction sources. The coating microstructure and the interface between bond coating and ceramic coating were characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. The results show that two-layer substructure exists in the ceramic coating： one layer evolving from fully melted region where the sintered grains grow fully; another layer resembling the liquid-phase-sintered structure consisting of three-dimensional net where the melted Al2O3 particles are embedded in the TiO2-rich matrix. The mechanism of the two-layer substructure formation is also explained in terms of the melting and flattening behavior of the powders during laser cladding processing. The spinel compounds NiAl2O4 and acicular compounds Cr2O3 are discovered in the interface between bond coating and ceramic coating. It proves that the chemical reactions in the laser cladding process will significantly enhance the coating adhesion.

TiO_2包覆上转换发光材料Pr^(3+)∶Y_2SiO_5的制备及其可见光催化性能的研究

为了提高TiO2对可见光的利用率,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2包覆上转换发光材料Pr3+∶Y2SiO5的复合材料,并借助XRD、TEM、紫外-可见吸收光谱等对制备的样品进行了表征和研究。同时,研究了不同条件下制备的复合粉体对罗丹明B光降解效率。结果表明,该方法制备出的Pr3+∶Y2SiO5/TiO2复合材料较纯TiO2和简单机械混合两种粉体在可见光下具有较强的光催化效果。验证了Pr3+∶Y2SiO5作为上转换发光材料,可吸收可见光发射紫外线,从而满足TiO2光催化降解的要求。文中最后对Pr3+∶Y2SiO5/TiO2复合材料的光催化机理进行了研究。

Dielectric properties and phase transitions of La_2O_3- and Sb_2O_3-doped barium strontium titanate ceramics

The dielectric properties and phase transition characteristics of La2O3- and Sb2O3-doped barium strontium titanate ceramics prepared by solid state route were investigated. The microstructure was identified by X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscope was also employed to observe the surface morphologies. It is found that （La,Sb）-codoped barium strontium titanate ceramics exhibit typical perovskite structure and the average grain size decreases dramatically with increasing the content of Sb2O3. Both La3＋ ions and Sb3＋ ions occupy the A-sites in perovskite lattice. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of barium strontium titanate based ceramics are obviously influenced by La2O3 as well as Sb2O3 addition content. The tetragonal-cubic phase transition of La2O3 modified barium strontium titanate ceramics is of second order and the Curie temperature shifts to lower value with increasing the La2O3 doping content. The phase transition of （La,Sb）-codoped barium strontium titanate ceramics diffuses and the deviation from Curie-Weiss law becomes more obvious with the increase in Sb2O3 concentration. The temperature corresponding to the dielectric constant maximum of （La,Sb）-codoped barium strontium titanate ceramics decreases with increasing the Sb2O3 content, which is attributed to the replacement of host ions by the Sb3＋ ions.

Pr^(3+)掺杂的TiO_2纳米粉体的表面特性和光催化活性

利用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯的和不同Pr3+掺杂量的TiO2纳米粉体.以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了它们的光催化活性.利用XRD和BET技术研究了Pr3+掺杂量和焙烧温度对TiO2纳米粉体的相结构、晶粒尺寸和表面织构特性的影响,并用XPS和SPS技术研究了Pr3+掺杂的TiO2纳米粉体的表面组成和表面光伏特性,探讨了Pr3+掺杂提高纳米TiO2的光催化活性的机制.结果表明:适量Pr3+掺杂能显著提高纳米TiO2的光催化活性.当Pr3+掺杂量为1.25%(以Pr3+/TiO2质量比计),焙烧温度为600℃时,制得粉体的光催化活性最佳.Pr3+掺杂强烈地抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,减小晶粒尺寸,增大比表面积,增加表面羟基和吸附氧的含量,提高光生电子和空穴的分离效率,改善粉体表面的光吸收性能,上述因素均有利于光催化活性的提高.

Friction and wear properties of in-situ synthesized Al_2O_3 reinforced aluminum composites

Al-5%Si-AI2O3 composites were prepared by powder metallurgy and in-situ reactive synthesis technology. Friction and wear properties of Al-5%Si-Al2O3 composites were studied using an M-2000 wear tester. The effects of load, sliding speed and long time continuous friction on friction and wear properties of Al-5%Si-Al2O3 composites were investigated, respectively. Wear surface and wear mechanism of Al-5%Si-Al2O3 composites were studied by Quanta 200 FE-SEM. Results showed that with load increasing, wear loss and coefficient of friction increased. With sliding speed going up, the surface temperature of sample made the rate of the producing of oxidation layer increase, while wear loss and coefficient of friction decreased. With the sliding distance increasing, coefficient of friction increased because the adhesive wear mechanism occurred in the initial stage, then formation and destruction of the oxide layer on the surface of the sample tended to a dynamic equilibrium, the surface state of the sample was relatively stable and so did the coefficient of friction. The experiment shows that the main wear mechanism of Al-5%Si-Al2O3 composites includes abrasive wear, adhesive wear and oxidation wear.

Microstructure and evolution of(TiB_2+Al_2O_3)/NiAl composites prepared by self-propagation high-temperature synthesis

（TiB2＋Al2O3）/NiAl composites were synthesized by self-propagation high-temperature synthesis, and their phase compositions, microstructures and evolution modes were studied. The microstructures and shapes vary with the TiB2＋Al2O3 content in the NiAl matrix. TiB2 particles take a great variety of elementary shapes such as white bars, plates, herringbones, regular cubes and cuboids. These results outline a strategy of self-assembly processes in real time to build diversified microstructures. Some TiB2 grains in sizes of 2-5μm are embeded in Al2O3 clusters, while a small number of TiB2 particles disperse in the NiAl matrix. It is believed that the higher the TiB2＋Al2O3 content is, the more the regular shapes and homogeneous distributions of TiB2 and Al2O3 will be present in the NiAl matrix.

Preparation of TiO2/Bi2O3 Microfibers and Their Photocatalytic Activity

A series of TiO2/Bi2O3 heterojunction microfibers have been fabricated using cotton fibers as bio-templates, and characterized by XRD, SEM and UV-Vis techniques. Results reveal that Bi2O3 in the TiO2/Bi2O3 sample is assigned to monoclinic and tetragonal mix-crystal phase. Fibers lengths can reach several micrometers and diameters range from 0.5 μm to 3 μm. Compared with pure TiO2 and Bi2O3, TiO2/Bi2O3 samples display better absorption in visible light region. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degradation of MB under visible light irradiation. TiO2/Bi2O3 microfibers exhibite much higher activity than pure TiO2 and Bi2O3, and 22.84%TiO2/Bi2O3 can achieve the decomposition of about 95%MB, which is attributed to synergistic effects of the strong visible-light absorption of TiO2/Bi2O3 microfibers and the heterojunction formed between TiO2 and Bi2O3.

Preparation and oxidation resistance of B_2O_3-coated boron-modified carbon foams

To improve the oxidation resistance of boron-modified carbon foams, the B2O3 coating was prepared on boron-modified carbon foams by low-cost slurry method. The microstructures and phase compositions of the coated carbon foams were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Oxidation resistances of uncoated and coated boron-modified carbon foams were investigated at 873 K in air. The results showed that as-received B2O3 coating could protect boron-modified carbon foams from oxidation at 873 K. B2O3-coated carbon foam doped with 7% B2O3 （mass fraction） （BO-7） had better oxidation resistance, exhibiting mass loss of 17.40% after oxidation at 873 K for 120 min. The melting glass layer formed on the surface of BO-7 could prevent oxygen from diffusing into boron-modified carbon foams substrate during oxidation to some extent.

Hot deformation and processing maps of Al_2O_3/Al composites fabricated by flake powder metallurgy

The deformation behaviors of Al2O3/Al composites were investigated by compressive tests conducted at temperature of 300-450 °C and strain rates of 0.001-1.0 s-1 with Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulator system. The results show that the flow stress increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. The hyperbolic sine constitutive equation can describe the flow stress behavior of Al2O3/Al composites, and the deformation activation energy and constitutive equations were calculated. The processing maps of Al2O3/Al-2 μm and Al2O3/Al-1 μm composites at strain of 0.6 were obtained and the optimum processing domains are in ranges of 300-330 °C, 0.007-0.03 s-1 and 335-360 °C, 0.015-0.06 s-1 for hot working, respectively. The instability zones of flow behavior can also be recognized by the maps.