Theories and Practical Ideas on Vocabulary Development

The reasons for choosing this topic are two: 1) Vocabulary development is the primeconcern for both learners and teachers of a foreign language; 2) Personal teaching experiencehas often challenged me with the question how to develop vocabualry more effectively. Thegeneral objective of this writing is to generalize some enlightening information on the specificarea of vocabulary learning and instruction and to bring forward some ideas practical to ourteaching situation.

Still Water Runs Deep:On Practices of Innovative Development in People-to-People Diplomacy of Henan

In recent years,Henan sticks to the points of General Secretary Xi Jinping,makes full use of its rich resources and relations,makes efforts to deepen friendship with people around the world,promotes relations with foreign countries,pushes

Vigorously Boosting the Development of Chinese Human Rights Theory and Practice

We feel a great honor and heavy responsibil- ity upon the Human Rights Research Center at Shandong University being named one of China＇s national human rights education and training bases. In our view, national human rights education and training bases should keep up with the times, bring into full play their ad- vantages of uniqueness and openness, complement each other, make con- certed efforts to achieve innovation and vigorously boost the development of Chinese human rights theory and practice. The university center will continue to bring into play its tradi- tional strength in theoretical research and graduate education and work hard to fulfill all the tasks of the center. It will focus on the following work.

Cropland physical disturbance intensity： plot-scale measurement and its application for soil erosion reduction in mountainous areas

Various kinds of human disturbances on cropland are the main reasons for soil erosion and land degradation.Farming practices in mountainous areas vary greatly among cropland plots because of the heterogeneity of biophysical conditions and differences in farmers'management behavior.The main purpose of this paper is to develop a composite index of cropland physical disturbance intensity(CLDI)to reflect the plot-scale discrepancy of potential soil erosion in mountainous areas.The study was based on both plot survey and household interview data,collected from six typical catchments in mountainous areas of southwestern China.Four kinds of physical disturbance practices and two kinds of conservation practices during one crop rotation period were synthesized to develop the CLDI index.The rough set theory was referenced to avoid subjectivity during weight allocation.The results show that conventional tillage,deep fertilization,and manual weeding are the main causes of cropland soil erosion,whereas manure application in combination with seasonal fallow reduces soil erosion.Different crop types as well as cropland location factors determine the spatial pattern of CLDI.Crop rotation modes with major crops of tobacco and maize resulted in a maximal CLDI,and cropland plots with a distance radius of 150 meters away from households received the most intensive physical disturbance.These results are critical to help better protect rural environments in mountainous areas.Based on the results,methods to reduce cropland soil erosion are suggested.

Profile and Performance of Rigid Gas Permeable and Scleral Lenses on Keratoconic Patients in the Developing Contact Lens Practice Settings

Purpose: To present the profile of keratoconic contact lens wearers, alongside with performance of corneal and scleral rigid gas permeable (RGP) at different stages of keratoconus based on limited diagnostic resources. Methods: 5-year Clinical records of keratoconic corneal and scleral RGP contact lens wearers were retrieved. Data on age, gender, visual acuity (VA), refraction (RE), stage of keratoconus and mode of correction among other variables were obtained for analysis. Information pertaining to the outcome in pre and post-fit at different severity was determined. Results: A total of 124 medical records were analyzed, with the age (20.86 ± 9.50 years), gender (58.9% male and 41.1% female), Laterality (57.3% bilateral, 26.6% right eye and left eye as 16.1%) and ethnicity (91.1% Africans and 8.9% Asians). There were no significant differences in effects of lenses (RGP and Scleral lenses) across three stages in visual acuity and in three stages of severity HRGP (2) = 1.05, p = 0.59; HScleral (1) = 2.24, p = 0.134. Similar non-significant effect was observed in refractive error correction HRGP (2) = 1.62, p = 0.44: HScleral (1) = 1.143, p = 0.285. Conclusion: The profile of KC contact lens wearer was comparable to other studies in developing setting. Keratoconic grading should be based on available resources. Corneal rigid gas permeable and scleral lenses were beneficial to keratoconic patients in respect of refractive error correction and visual improvement to keratoconic patient.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT:RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES

This paper studies the business process known as project management. This process has exhibited a remarkable growth in business interest over the last 15 years, as demonstrated by a 1000% increase in membership in the Project Management Institute since 1996. This growth is largely attributable to the emergence of many new diverse business applications that can be successfully managed as projects. The new applications for project management include IT implementations, research and development, new product and service development, corporate change management, and software development. The characteristics of modem projects are typically very different from those of traditional projects such as construction and engineering, which necessitates the development of new project management techniques. We discuss these recent practical developments. The history of project management methodology is reviewed, from CPM and PERT to the influential modem directions of critical chain project management and agile methods. We identify one important application area for future methodological change as new product and service development. A list of specific research topics within project management is discussed. The conclusions suggest the existence of significant research opportunities within project management.

Improving Clinical Practice Guideline Development in Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine

Integration of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and Western medicine （WM）, or called as integrative medicine （IM） in China, came into being in 1950s as a new form of medicine. IM emphasizes the combination of both conventional WM and TCM alternative approaches to address all aspects of health and illness.（1） The major practice in IM includes the integration of disease diagnosis in WM and pattern classification （or syndrome differentiation） in TCM, and the integration of WM interventions and TCM interventions.

Exploring Education for Sustainable Development in a Chinese Kindergarten:An Action Research

Purpose:This article was intended to share and reflect on experiences concerning the education for sustainable development(ESD)project at Hongqiao Kindergarten in Shanghai.The project aimed to explore how ESD could be implemented in a current curriculum and to provide useful examples of educational activities and experiences.Design/Approach/Methods:The action research included two cycles with four steps.The first cycle involved the integration of ESD into a traditional science curriculum.The second cycle involved the validation and optimization of the ESD objectives.The implementation strategies were reviewed and refined.Findings:First,a variety of strategies can be used to identify the theme and choose the content.Second,the objectives should be developed on children’s life experiences and interests.Third,the idea of ESD can be implemented in multiple ways.Fourth,a reasonable objective system involving ESD was constructed for children by ages.Fifth,there were many effective ways to integrate ESD activities into other domains of curriculum.The challenges and implications were also discussed.Originality/Value:The study had a positive effect on teachers’ability to practice ESD.This was a pioneer project in early childhood education in China,which provided valuable information for those aiming to implement ESD practices in Chinese kindergartens.

The Practicalities of Developing A Successful E-Business Strategy

本文作者是美国BDO Seidman LLP公司的商务和技术研究部主管并领导该公司在美国西部地区的电子商务。据Forrester Rearch预测,到2003年美国商务部门之间的Internet销售额将达到1.3兆美元;到2004年商务部门与顾客之间的Internet销售额也将达到1000亿美元。任何商业组织想生存和发展,都必须从事和开发电子商务。然而E-business风险大,陷阱多。75％的E-Business可能以失败而告终。本文作者在文中指出了避免失败的关键。

JOURNAL OF PRACTICE IN EDUCATION FOR DEVELOPMENT(Vol.1,No.1)

Recently,with university departments putting pressure on academics to‘publish or perish’,there hasbeen a glut of academic articles.This in turn has resulted in a number of new journals catering forever more specific interest groups.One of the most recent to emerge is the Journal of Practice inEducation for Development,published by the University of Manchester:School of

PARTICIPATION IS KEY TO DEVELOPMENT FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION--Elementary Introduction of Practice Features and Understanding ofHuoshan China-Netherlands Poverty Alleviation Forestry Development Project

HuoshanChina-NetherlandsPovertyAlleviationProjectisanintegratedpovertyreliefprojectassistingHuoshanCountyofAnhuiProvincebyNetherlandsgovernment.Itwasstartedin1998withadurationof5years.Thewholeprojectwillpersistinabasicthoughtofpatticipatorythinking,s...

Advances in LID BMPs research and practice for urban runoff control in China

China is at present experiencing a very rapid urbanization process, which has brought a number of adverse impacts upon the water environment. In particular, urban runoff quantity and quality control have emerged as one of the key concerns for municipal officials. One of the strategies being considered is the use of a Low Impact Development type of Best Management Practices （LID BMPs） for urban storm water runoff quantity and quality control. In this paper, the situation surrounding urban runoff control in China is reviewed first. Then the conventional strategy and technologies for the construction and management of urban drainage systems are discussed, while exploring their inherent dilemmas. The LID BMPs are then introduced to control urban runoff in the context of urban sustainable water systems. After the comprehensive analysis of the various LID BMPs, the advances in LID BMPs research and practice for urban runoff control in China are investigated and summarized. At last, the difficulties of implementing LID BMPs in China are discussed, and a direction for the future is proposed.