Pain and hospitalization caused a crisis in the child’s life. At the pre-school children, the stress of the disease makes children become less able to cope with separation. As a result, many children show anxious beh...Pain and hospitalization caused a crisis in the child’s life. At the pre-school children, the stress of the disease makes children become less able to cope with separation. As a result, many children show anxious behavior though more vague than toddler age children. Various ways have been conducted by nurses to treat anxiety in children, but the most effective types of the intervention have not be found. Types of intervention that can be done are art therapy and play therapy. This study aims to compare the effects of art therapy and play therapy in reducing anxiety on children who experience hospitalization. A quasi-experimental research design with pre-post test two group design is used. The sample was 23 children pre-school age for art therapy group and 25 children for play therapy with sampling techniques performed purposive sampling. Intervention of art therapy and play therapy each performed for 3 days with duration about 30 minutes. Anxiety levels before and after the intervention were measured by using the facial affective scale. The results show that there is a difference in anxiety between before and after the action in the art therapy group (p = 0.00) and that there are differences in anxiety before and after the action in the play therapy group (0.00). But statistical tests using Man Whitney U indicate that there is no difference in anxiety levels in pre-school children who do art therapy and play therapy (p = 0.26). So, it is concluded that the art therapy and the play therapy can reduce the level of anxiety on pre-school school children that experience hospitalization. Based on these conclusions, it is recommended that the art therapy and the play therapy can be used by nurses and the choice of the intervention should be submitted to the child.展开更多
Background: Infection transmission among them occurs easily and sometimes causes outbreaks at facilities where children live in groups. Early response is necessary for infection control measures to avoid larger cluste...Background: Infection transmission among them occurs easily and sometimes causes outbreaks at facilities where children live in groups. Early response is necessary for infection control measures to avoid larger clusters. In Japan, (Nursery) School Absenteeism Surveillance System ((N)SASSy), which is a kind of school absenteeism surveillance, has activated since 2007 and covers about 60% of all schools and 40% of all nursery schools in 2017. Objective: The objective of the present paper is investigation and demonstration of how caregivers receive information related to infectious diseases in Japan and how (N)SASSy contributes health of children. Method: We randomly selected subjects with children by pre-fecture in October, 2017. The survey questionnaire asked background information and information about infectious diseases to maintain health in children. We regressed health concern variables on background information and information provision situation about community outbreaks using weighted logistic regression. Results: We received responses from 1172 people. Estimation results showed higher concern about a facility providing information about community outbreak. Caregivers whose children attend facilities provided about community outbreak or covered (N)SASSy significantly higher opportunity to arrange a schedule when a child has a high fever. Discussion: The obtained results demonstrated that activation in (N)SASSy affects the possibility of arranging a schedule when a child has a high fever. This capability might improve community health.展开更多
Background: It is known that, for reasons of hygiene and/or anxiety, some first year primary school children actively choose to avoid going to the toilet whilst at school, while at the same time many young children’s...Background: It is known that, for reasons of hygiene and/or anxiety, some first year primary school children actively choose to avoid going to the toilet whilst at school, while at the same time many young children’s primary care visits are due to urinary tract and bowel problems. By this age most children can recognise the bodily signals indicating the need for a toilet visit, and can independently perform the associated routines. Aim of this study was to describe the experience of healthy 5 to 6 years old when needing and using toilets whilst at pre-school. Methods: A qualitative descriptive method was used. Seventeen children aged 5 to 6 years were interviewed. Results: Nearly all used the toilet when the need arose, but there were times during the day when their freedom to use the toilet was restricted. Most children experienced periods of waiting outside the toilet and a long wait could result in a decision to not use it. On those occasions when help was needed, it was usually necessary to shout once or more in order to attract the teacher’s attention. Some children found the toilets clean and fresh while others found them dirty and smelly. Privacy during toilet visits was desirable among the children but queue outside the toilet was a cause of worry. Conclusion: The children were mostly able to use the toilet whilst at preschool, despite the challenges to their senses and integrity and occasionally issues with the teacher’s rules. The need for privacy often had to yield to the teacher’s need to control the children or even because toilet doors and/or locks were not adapted to the children’s requirements.展开更多
目的探讨以护士为主导的出院准备干预对学龄前反复喘息患儿出院后症状控制的影响。方法以2020年10月—2023年3月收治的99例学龄前反复喘息患儿及其照护者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和干预组。对照组接受常规出院护理指导。干预组在按常...目的探讨以护士为主导的出院准备干预对学龄前反复喘息患儿出院后症状控制的影响。方法以2020年10月—2023年3月收治的99例学龄前反复喘息患儿及其照护者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和干预组。对照组接受常规出院护理指导。干预组在按常规出院护理指导基础上,实施以护士为主导的出院准备干预。根据出院准备度-父母版量表评分、改良中文版儿童呼吸和哮喘控制测试(test for respiratory and asthma control in kids,TRACK)问卷评分以及患儿症状控制指标的变化情况,对2组的干预效果进行评估和比较。结果出院准备度总分及其疾病知识、自身状况、出院后应对、可获得的社会支持维度评分,干预组分别为195.28±5.23、74.52±1.72、63.22±1.64、25.18±2.09、32.36±3.71,对照组分别为177.82±7.98、69.84±6.22、57.22±5.33、22.39±2.83、28.37±3.95,干预组各项评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。TRACK问卷评分,2组患儿出院日的评分无显著差异;出院后1、3、6个月随访时,干预组评分分别为80.60±6.52、85.60±5.61、88.10±5.28,对照组评分分别为78.47±6.71、83.47±5.23、83.88±5.52,干预组显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。在症状控制指标的喘息发作和因喘息就诊方面,干预组的表现优于对照组(P<0.001)。结论实施以护士为主导的出院准备干预,可提高学龄前反复喘息患儿照护者的出院准备度,有利于患儿喘息症状控制。展开更多
文摘Pain and hospitalization caused a crisis in the child’s life. At the pre-school children, the stress of the disease makes children become less able to cope with separation. As a result, many children show anxious behavior though more vague than toddler age children. Various ways have been conducted by nurses to treat anxiety in children, but the most effective types of the intervention have not be found. Types of intervention that can be done are art therapy and play therapy. This study aims to compare the effects of art therapy and play therapy in reducing anxiety on children who experience hospitalization. A quasi-experimental research design with pre-post test two group design is used. The sample was 23 children pre-school age for art therapy group and 25 children for play therapy with sampling techniques performed purposive sampling. Intervention of art therapy and play therapy each performed for 3 days with duration about 30 minutes. Anxiety levels before and after the intervention were measured by using the facial affective scale. The results show that there is a difference in anxiety between before and after the action in the art therapy group (p = 0.00) and that there are differences in anxiety before and after the action in the play therapy group (0.00). But statistical tests using Man Whitney U indicate that there is no difference in anxiety levels in pre-school children who do art therapy and play therapy (p = 0.26). So, it is concluded that the art therapy and the play therapy can reduce the level of anxiety on pre-school school children that experience hospitalization. Based on these conclusions, it is recommended that the art therapy and the play therapy can be used by nurses and the choice of the intervention should be submitted to the child.
文摘Background: Infection transmission among them occurs easily and sometimes causes outbreaks at facilities where children live in groups. Early response is necessary for infection control measures to avoid larger clusters. In Japan, (Nursery) School Absenteeism Surveillance System ((N)SASSy), which is a kind of school absenteeism surveillance, has activated since 2007 and covers about 60% of all schools and 40% of all nursery schools in 2017. Objective: The objective of the present paper is investigation and demonstration of how caregivers receive information related to infectious diseases in Japan and how (N)SASSy contributes health of children. Method: We randomly selected subjects with children by pre-fecture in October, 2017. The survey questionnaire asked background information and information about infectious diseases to maintain health in children. We regressed health concern variables on background information and information provision situation about community outbreaks using weighted logistic regression. Results: We received responses from 1172 people. Estimation results showed higher concern about a facility providing information about community outbreak. Caregivers whose children attend facilities provided about community outbreak or covered (N)SASSy significantly higher opportunity to arrange a schedule when a child has a high fever. Discussion: The obtained results demonstrated that activation in (N)SASSy affects the possibility of arranging a schedule when a child has a high fever. This capability might improve community health.
文摘Background: It is known that, for reasons of hygiene and/or anxiety, some first year primary school children actively choose to avoid going to the toilet whilst at school, while at the same time many young children’s primary care visits are due to urinary tract and bowel problems. By this age most children can recognise the bodily signals indicating the need for a toilet visit, and can independently perform the associated routines. Aim of this study was to describe the experience of healthy 5 to 6 years old when needing and using toilets whilst at pre-school. Methods: A qualitative descriptive method was used. Seventeen children aged 5 to 6 years were interviewed. Results: Nearly all used the toilet when the need arose, but there were times during the day when their freedom to use the toilet was restricted. Most children experienced periods of waiting outside the toilet and a long wait could result in a decision to not use it. On those occasions when help was needed, it was usually necessary to shout once or more in order to attract the teacher’s attention. Some children found the toilets clean and fresh while others found them dirty and smelly. Privacy during toilet visits was desirable among the children but queue outside the toilet was a cause of worry. Conclusion: The children were mostly able to use the toilet whilst at preschool, despite the challenges to their senses and integrity and occasionally issues with the teacher’s rules. The need for privacy often had to yield to the teacher’s need to control the children or even because toilet doors and/or locks were not adapted to the children’s requirements.
文摘目的探讨以护士为主导的出院准备干预对学龄前反复喘息患儿出院后症状控制的影响。方法以2020年10月—2023年3月收治的99例学龄前反复喘息患儿及其照护者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和干预组。对照组接受常规出院护理指导。干预组在按常规出院护理指导基础上,实施以护士为主导的出院准备干预。根据出院准备度-父母版量表评分、改良中文版儿童呼吸和哮喘控制测试(test for respiratory and asthma control in kids,TRACK)问卷评分以及患儿症状控制指标的变化情况,对2组的干预效果进行评估和比较。结果出院准备度总分及其疾病知识、自身状况、出院后应对、可获得的社会支持维度评分,干预组分别为195.28±5.23、74.52±1.72、63.22±1.64、25.18±2.09、32.36±3.71,对照组分别为177.82±7.98、69.84±6.22、57.22±5.33、22.39±2.83、28.37±3.95,干预组各项评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。TRACK问卷评分,2组患儿出院日的评分无显著差异;出院后1、3、6个月随访时,干预组评分分别为80.60±6.52、85.60±5.61、88.10±5.28,对照组评分分别为78.47±6.71、83.47±5.23、83.88±5.52,干预组显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。在症状控制指标的喘息发作和因喘息就诊方面,干预组的表现优于对照组(P<0.001)。结论实施以护士为主导的出院准备干预,可提高学龄前反复喘息患儿照护者的出院准备度,有利于患儿喘息症状控制。
