The aim of this of this experimental study to investigate the effect of 3 voluntary waiting periods (VWP) on health of dairy cows. A total of 100 lactations of 100 Holstein Friesian cows with high milk production (ave...The aim of this of this experimental study to investigate the effect of 3 voluntary waiting periods (VWP) on health of dairy cows. A total of 100 lactations of 100 Holstein Friesian cows with high milk production (average 9.442 ± 620 kg) were randomly (based on the ear tags digits of cows) distributed to 1 to 3 experimental groups with VWP of 50 (VWPG50;n = 32), 100 (VWPG100;n = 34) or 150 days (VWPG150;n = 34). Observations relating to diseases of the cows were made by the farm veterinarian and research personnel. Were defined eight disease: puerperal fever, retained fetal membranes, displaced abomasum, metritis, clinical ketosis, clinical mastitis, ovarian cysts, and claw diseases. The experimental days (ED) were from 4 days in milk (DIM) to 100 days after the next calving. The experiment was managed at Dairy Research Farm ?imnic-Craiova January 2018 to December 2022. A clear set of clinical signs were used to define a case at the diseases without the need for laboratory confirmation. Values of Lactational incidence risk (LIR) median postpartum days at diagnosis and pairwise comparison of proportion between VWPs were calculated. LIR for puerperal fiver, retained fetal membranes, displaced abomasum, clinical ketosis, clinical mastitis, ovarian cysts and claw disease were 4;5;2;8;8;and 4% respectively. Numerically, cows with VWP of 100 and150 days had more disease cases compared with VWP of 50 days. The differences between experimental groups of cows regarding proportions of cows with disease cases were not statistically significant. Any of the eight disorders reported in this study was analyzed independently to other health problems. For all enrolled cows (n = 100) VWP was extended until 100 or 150 days postpartum with no effect on the lactational incidence risk for the eight disorders analyzed.展开更多
Introduction:In the past several decades,declining incidences of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) have been observed in Chinese populations in Hong Kong,Taiwan,Los Angeles,and Singapore.A previous study indicated that th...Introduction:In the past several decades,declining incidences of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) have been observed in Chinese populations in Hong Kong,Taiwan,Los Angeles,and Singapore.A previous study indicated that the incidence of NPC in Sihui County,South China remained stable until 2002,but whether age,diagnosis period,and birth cohort affect the incidence of NPC remains unknown.Methods:Age-standardized rates(ASRs) of NPC incidence based on the world standard population were examined in both males and females in Sihui County from 1987 to 2011.Joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to quantify the changes in incidence trends.A Poisson regression age-period-cohort model was used to assess the effects of age,diagnosis period,and birth cohort on the risk of NPC.Results:The ASRs of NPC incidence during the study period were 30.29/100,000 for males and 13.09/100,000 for females.The incidence of NPC remained stable at a non-significant average annual percent change of 0.2%for males and-1.6%for females throughout the entire period.A significantly increased estimated annual percent change of 6.8%(95%confidence interval,0.1%-14.0%) was observed from 2003 to 2009 for males.The relative risk of NPC increased with advancing age up to 50-59 and decreased at ages >60 years.The period effect curves on NPC were nearly flat for males and females.The birth cohort effect curve for males showed an increase from the1922 cohort to the 1957 cohort and a decrease thereafter.In females,there was an undulating increase in the relative risk from the 1922 cohort to the 1972 cohort.Conclusions:The incidence trends for NPC remained generally stable in Sihui from 1987 to 2011,with an increase from 2003 to 2009.The relative risks of NPC increased in younger females.展开更多
The improvement of attosecond pulse reflection by large angle incidence for a periodic multilayer mirror in the extreme ultraviolet region has been discussed. Numerical simulations of both spectral and temporal reflec...The improvement of attosecond pulse reflection by large angle incidence for a periodic multilayer mirror in the extreme ultraviolet region has been discussed. Numerical simulations of both spectral and temporal reflection characteristics of periodic multilayer mirrors under various incident angles have been analyzed and compared. It was found that the periodic multilayer mirror under a larger incidence angle can provide not only higher integrated reflectivity but also a broader reflection band with negligible dispersion, making it possible to obtain better a reflected pulse that has a higher pulse reflection efficiency and shorter pulse duration for attosecond pulse reflection. In addition, by increasing the incident angle, the promotion of attosecond pulse reflection capability has been proven for periodic multilayer mirrors with arbitrary layers.展开更多
目的分析1990-2019年中国睾丸癌的发病和死亡情况,并探讨年龄、时期和队列效应对睾丸癌发病和死亡的影响。方法利用全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)2019数据库,分析1990-2019年中国睾丸癌发病和死亡情况,应用Joinpoint软件...目的分析1990-2019年中国睾丸癌的发病和死亡情况,并探讨年龄、时期和队列效应对睾丸癌发病和死亡的影响。方法利用全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)2019数据库,分析1990-2019年中国睾丸癌发病和死亡情况,应用Joinpoint软件分析标化发病率和标化死亡率的时间变化趋势,计算平均年度变化百分比。构建年龄-时期-队列模型,分析年龄、时期和出生队列效应对睾丸癌发病及死亡趋势变化的影响。结果2019年,中国睾丸癌发病率为1.21/10万,死亡率为0.08/10万,发病率和死亡率比1990年升高了348.15%和14.29%。1990-2019年,中国睾丸癌标化发病率呈升高趋势,平均每年升高5.23%,趋势有统计学意义(P<0.05),睾丸癌标化死亡率呈下降趋势,平均每年下降0.12%,但趋势无统计学意义(P>0.05)。年龄效应结果显示,1990-2019年中国睾丸癌的发病率和死亡率整体呈升高趋势,发病率和死亡率均在60岁以后呈快速升高趋势,在85岁以上年龄组达到高峰。时期效应结果显示,1990-2019年,中国睾丸癌发病风险的时期变化相对危险度(relative ratio,RR)呈升高趋势,在2015-2019年发病风险最高,发病风险RR=2.44[95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)2.31~2.56];睾丸癌死亡风险的时期变化RR值趋势呈下降趋势,1995-1999年死亡风险最高,死亡风险RR=1.09(95%CI 0.99~1.19)。队列效应结果显示,出生越晚的人,发病风险越高,死亡风险越低。结论1990-2019年,中国居民睾丸癌的标化发病率呈升高趋势,标化死亡率呈下降趋势但无统计学意义。不同年龄、时期和出生队列的睾丸癌流行病学模式和趋势可能为公共卫生提供新的见解,这些发现可为进一步减轻睾丸癌负担的公共卫生策略的制定提供重要依据。展开更多
背景使用行政管理数据时,确立清晰、适当的慢性病洗脱期时长是正确确定反复就医的慢性病患者发病时点、确定新发病例的基础。目的通过系统文献回顾,综述确定洗脱期时长的方法,以期为我国研究者后续使用行政管理数据识别慢性病新发病例...背景使用行政管理数据时,确立清晰、适当的慢性病洗脱期时长是正确确定反复就医的慢性病患者发病时点、确定新发病例的基础。目的通过系统文献回顾,综述确定洗脱期时长的方法,以期为我国研究者后续使用行政管理数据识别慢性病新发病例时确认洗脱期长短、正确识别新发病例提供思路。方法于2021年10月,系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、EmBase、中国知网、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库、万方知识服务平台,获取有关利用行政管理数据探究慢性病发病、患病情况的文献,检索时限均为建库至2022-10-01。由两名研究者独立筛选文献并提取相关信息,并采用定性研究报告评价标准(SRQR)评价文献方法学质量后,使用描述性分析法总结洗脱期时长的确定方法。结果共纳入26篇文献,纳入文献的SRQR评分均≥15分,方法学质量较好。文献所使用的数据主要来自加拿大、美国、澳大利亚等行政管理数据完整、丰富的国家(地区),聚焦的疾病包括糖尿病、肿瘤、精神分裂症等多种慢性病。研究指出,设定合适的洗脱期时长是准确识别发病病例的基础。目前,文献中确定洗脱期时长的方法主要包括直接限定法、一致性检验法和逆向生存函数法三大类,其中最常用的方法是直接限定法,逆向生存曲线法的使用率相对较低。结论直接限定法、一致性检验法和逆向生存函数法均有相应的优势和局限性,方法的选择标准、判断标准和稳定性有待进一步探究。展开更多
目的:了解中国女性1990—2019年妇科疾病负担变化趋势及其年龄、时期、队列效应,为妇科疾病的预防和控制策略的制定提供科学依据。方法:利用2019年全球疾病负担研究(Global Burden of Disease Study 2019,GBD 2019)数据,采用Joinpoint...目的:了解中国女性1990—2019年妇科疾病负担变化趋势及其年龄、时期、队列效应,为妇科疾病的预防和控制策略的制定提供科学依据。方法:利用2019年全球疾病负担研究(Global Burden of Disease Study 2019,GBD 2019)数据,采用Joinpoint回归模型分析中国妇科疾病发病率和伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)率的变化趋势,基于年龄-时期-队列模型探讨年龄、时期和队列效应对发病率和DALY率的影响,并分析经前期综合征、生殖器脱垂、子宫肌瘤、子宫内膜异位症、多囊卵巢综合征发病率和DALY率的顺位。结果:1990—2019年中国妇科疾病发病率和DALY率均呈下降趋势,平均每年分别下降0.63%(95%CI:-0.73%~-0.54%,P<0.05)和0.34%(95%CI:-0.43%~-0.24%,P<0.05)。年龄-时期-队列模型结果显示,1990—2019年中国妇科疾病发病率和DALY率的纵向年龄曲线均呈先上升后下降的趋势,在30~34岁达高峰。随着时期的推移,妇科疾病的发病风险和DALY风险均呈下降趋势,以2000—2004年为参考时期(RR=1),2015—2019年时期发病风险下降至最低(RR=0.73,95%CI:0.74~0.71)。1905—1909至1985—1989年出生队列的发病风险和DALY风险呈下降趋势,1990—1994至2000—2004年出生队列略呈上升趋势。1990和2019年常见妇科疾病中经前期综合征发病率(7245.53/10万、5695.02/10万)和DALY率(222.21/10万、197.95/10万)居于首位。结论:我国减少妇科疾病负担的工作已取得一定进展,但疾病负担仍然严重,应加强对年轻女性妇科疾病的健康宣传教育,开展有针对性的普查,提高诊断和治疗技术,继续降低我国的妇科疾病负担。展开更多
目的分析1992—2021年中国居民胃癌发病率现状及其变化趋势,评估年龄、时期和队列对其长期趋势的影响,为中国胃癌防治策略的制定提供更科学的参考依据。方法利用2021全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease2021,GBD 2021)数据库中1992—...目的分析1992—2021年中国居民胃癌发病率现状及其变化趋势,评估年龄、时期和队列对其长期趋势的影响,为中国胃癌防治策略的制定提供更科学的参考依据。方法利用2021全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease2021,GBD 2021)数据库中1992—2021年中国居民胃癌发病率的数据,基于年龄-时期-队列模型评估年龄、时期和队列对胃癌发病率的影响。结果1992—2021年中国胃癌发病率呈上升趋势,从1992年的34.35/10万上升至2021年的43.00/10万,平均每年上升0.79%(95%CI:0.74%~0.83%)。年龄-时期-队列模型的年龄效应分析结果显示,发病率随着年龄的增长呈上升趋势,在85~89岁达高峰(207.42/10万,95%CI:197.18/10万~218.20/10万);时期效应分析结果显示,胃癌发病风险随着时期的推移呈下降趋势,以2002—2006年的时期为对照组,2017—2021年时期的发病风险最低(RR=0.69,95%CI:0.67~0.71);队列效应分析结果显示,以1952—1956年的出生队列为对照组,2002—2006年出生队列的发病风险最低(RR=0.40,95%CI:0.17~0.91)。结论我国胃癌发病率呈上升趋势,老年人群发病风险较高,较晚出生队列的男性发病风险高于女性,需采取相应措施进一步降低胃癌的疾病负担。展开更多
文摘The aim of this of this experimental study to investigate the effect of 3 voluntary waiting periods (VWP) on health of dairy cows. A total of 100 lactations of 100 Holstein Friesian cows with high milk production (average 9.442 ± 620 kg) were randomly (based on the ear tags digits of cows) distributed to 1 to 3 experimental groups with VWP of 50 (VWPG50;n = 32), 100 (VWPG100;n = 34) or 150 days (VWPG150;n = 34). Observations relating to diseases of the cows were made by the farm veterinarian and research personnel. Were defined eight disease: puerperal fever, retained fetal membranes, displaced abomasum, metritis, clinical ketosis, clinical mastitis, ovarian cysts, and claw diseases. The experimental days (ED) were from 4 days in milk (DIM) to 100 days after the next calving. The experiment was managed at Dairy Research Farm ?imnic-Craiova January 2018 to December 2022. A clear set of clinical signs were used to define a case at the diseases without the need for laboratory confirmation. Values of Lactational incidence risk (LIR) median postpartum days at diagnosis and pairwise comparison of proportion between VWPs were calculated. LIR for puerperal fiver, retained fetal membranes, displaced abomasum, clinical ketosis, clinical mastitis, ovarian cysts and claw disease were 4;5;2;8;8;and 4% respectively. Numerically, cows with VWP of 100 and150 days had more disease cases compared with VWP of 50 days. The differences between experimental groups of cows regarding proportions of cows with disease cases were not statistically significant. Any of the eight disorders reported in this study was analyzed independently to other health problems. For all enrolled cows (n = 100) VWP was extended until 100 or 150 days postpartum with no effect on the lactational incidence risk for the eight disorders analyzed.
文摘Introduction:In the past several decades,declining incidences of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) have been observed in Chinese populations in Hong Kong,Taiwan,Los Angeles,and Singapore.A previous study indicated that the incidence of NPC in Sihui County,South China remained stable until 2002,but whether age,diagnosis period,and birth cohort affect the incidence of NPC remains unknown.Methods:Age-standardized rates(ASRs) of NPC incidence based on the world standard population were examined in both males and females in Sihui County from 1987 to 2011.Joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to quantify the changes in incidence trends.A Poisson regression age-period-cohort model was used to assess the effects of age,diagnosis period,and birth cohort on the risk of NPC.Results:The ASRs of NPC incidence during the study period were 30.29/100,000 for males and 13.09/100,000 for females.The incidence of NPC remained stable at a non-significant average annual percent change of 0.2%for males and-1.6%for females throughout the entire period.A significantly increased estimated annual percent change of 6.8%(95%confidence interval,0.1%-14.0%) was observed from 2003 to 2009 for males.The relative risk of NPC increased with advancing age up to 50-59 and decreased at ages >60 years.The period effect curves on NPC were nearly flat for males and females.The birth cohort effect curve for males showed an increase from the1922 cohort to the 1957 cohort and a decrease thereafter.In females,there was an undulating increase in the relative risk from the 1922 cohort to the 1972 cohort.Conclusions:The incidence trends for NPC remained generally stable in Sihui from 1987 to 2011,with an increase from 2003 to 2009.The relative risks of NPC increased in younger females.
文摘The improvement of attosecond pulse reflection by large angle incidence for a periodic multilayer mirror in the extreme ultraviolet region has been discussed. Numerical simulations of both spectral and temporal reflection characteristics of periodic multilayer mirrors under various incident angles have been analyzed and compared. It was found that the periodic multilayer mirror under a larger incidence angle can provide not only higher integrated reflectivity but also a broader reflection band with negligible dispersion, making it possible to obtain better a reflected pulse that has a higher pulse reflection efficiency and shorter pulse duration for attosecond pulse reflection. In addition, by increasing the incident angle, the promotion of attosecond pulse reflection capability has been proven for periodic multilayer mirrors with arbitrary layers.
文摘背景使用行政管理数据时,确立清晰、适当的慢性病洗脱期时长是正确确定反复就医的慢性病患者发病时点、确定新发病例的基础。目的通过系统文献回顾,综述确定洗脱期时长的方法,以期为我国研究者后续使用行政管理数据识别慢性病新发病例时确认洗脱期长短、正确识别新发病例提供思路。方法于2021年10月,系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、EmBase、中国知网、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库、万方知识服务平台,获取有关利用行政管理数据探究慢性病发病、患病情况的文献,检索时限均为建库至2022-10-01。由两名研究者独立筛选文献并提取相关信息,并采用定性研究报告评价标准(SRQR)评价文献方法学质量后,使用描述性分析法总结洗脱期时长的确定方法。结果共纳入26篇文献,纳入文献的SRQR评分均≥15分,方法学质量较好。文献所使用的数据主要来自加拿大、美国、澳大利亚等行政管理数据完整、丰富的国家(地区),聚焦的疾病包括糖尿病、肿瘤、精神分裂症等多种慢性病。研究指出,设定合适的洗脱期时长是准确识别发病病例的基础。目前,文献中确定洗脱期时长的方法主要包括直接限定法、一致性检验法和逆向生存函数法三大类,其中最常用的方法是直接限定法,逆向生存曲线法的使用率相对较低。结论直接限定法、一致性检验法和逆向生存函数法均有相应的优势和局限性,方法的选择标准、判断标准和稳定性有待进一步探究。
文摘目的:了解中国女性1990—2019年妇科疾病负担变化趋势及其年龄、时期、队列效应,为妇科疾病的预防和控制策略的制定提供科学依据。方法:利用2019年全球疾病负担研究(Global Burden of Disease Study 2019,GBD 2019)数据,采用Joinpoint回归模型分析中国妇科疾病发病率和伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)率的变化趋势,基于年龄-时期-队列模型探讨年龄、时期和队列效应对发病率和DALY率的影响,并分析经前期综合征、生殖器脱垂、子宫肌瘤、子宫内膜异位症、多囊卵巢综合征发病率和DALY率的顺位。结果:1990—2019年中国妇科疾病发病率和DALY率均呈下降趋势,平均每年分别下降0.63%(95%CI:-0.73%~-0.54%,P<0.05)和0.34%(95%CI:-0.43%~-0.24%,P<0.05)。年龄-时期-队列模型结果显示,1990—2019年中国妇科疾病发病率和DALY率的纵向年龄曲线均呈先上升后下降的趋势,在30~34岁达高峰。随着时期的推移,妇科疾病的发病风险和DALY风险均呈下降趋势,以2000—2004年为参考时期(RR=1),2015—2019年时期发病风险下降至最低(RR=0.73,95%CI:0.74~0.71)。1905—1909至1985—1989年出生队列的发病风险和DALY风险呈下降趋势,1990—1994至2000—2004年出生队列略呈上升趋势。1990和2019年常见妇科疾病中经前期综合征发病率(7245.53/10万、5695.02/10万)和DALY率(222.21/10万、197.95/10万)居于首位。结论:我国减少妇科疾病负担的工作已取得一定进展,但疾病负担仍然严重,应加强对年轻女性妇科疾病的健康宣传教育,开展有针对性的普查,提高诊断和治疗技术,继续降低我国的妇科疾病负担。
文摘目的分析1992—2021年中国居民胃癌发病率现状及其变化趋势,评估年龄、时期和队列对其长期趋势的影响,为中国胃癌防治策略的制定提供更科学的参考依据。方法利用2021全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease2021,GBD 2021)数据库中1992—2021年中国居民胃癌发病率的数据,基于年龄-时期-队列模型评估年龄、时期和队列对胃癌发病率的影响。结果1992—2021年中国胃癌发病率呈上升趋势,从1992年的34.35/10万上升至2021年的43.00/10万,平均每年上升0.79%(95%CI:0.74%~0.83%)。年龄-时期-队列模型的年龄效应分析结果显示,发病率随着年龄的增长呈上升趋势,在85~89岁达高峰(207.42/10万,95%CI:197.18/10万~218.20/10万);时期效应分析结果显示,胃癌发病风险随着时期的推移呈下降趋势,以2002—2006年的时期为对照组,2017—2021年时期的发病风险最低(RR=0.69,95%CI:0.67~0.71);队列效应分析结果显示,以1952—1956年的出生队列为对照组,2002—2006年出生队列的发病风险最低(RR=0.40,95%CI:0.17~0.91)。结论我国胃癌发病率呈上升趋势,老年人群发病风险较高,较晚出生队列的男性发病风险高于女性,需采取相应措施进一步降低胃癌的疾病负担。
