Alternation and Evolution of the Fables of Pre-Qin Scholars Along With the Contextual Changes

The fables of Pre-Qin scholars occupied an important position in the history of the development of Chinese culture,thoughts,and literature,hence had profound and extensive influence on later generations.As a kind of carrier of thoughts,the fables of the Pre-Qin scholars were not immutable and frozen,for they have been influenced by various aspects in the process of transmitting and recognizing.This article attempts to study the evolution of the function,expression,and connotation of the fables of the Pre-Qin scholars.

论儒家人性学说的卵茧之喻

为了对人性问题做出描述、论证,儒家学者发明了大批“妙喻取譬”“辞喻横生”的譬喻。其中,以卵、茧对人性做出比喻,在先秦两汉时期得到学者的广泛使用。学者用其阐明恶之来源、论证政教秩序的合理性、标著归复善性的路径,使得卵茧之喻成为与儒家人性论关系密切、体系完备的譬喻。持此说者既有儒家经生,也有道家哲人。两汉之后,这一譬喻消沉千余年,在明清时期重新得到儒家士绅、学者的热烈讨论。卵茧之喻的隐显起伏,蕴藏着学者对人性论关注重点的转移轨则。

科技与伦理交叉视域下李觏思想研究

基于科技与伦理交叉视域观照李觏的思想就会发现:其以物质第一性为基础构筑自己的世界观,坚持彻底的经验论;在创造性地构建自己的“礼论”体系下有条件地肯定了利和欲,并强调了情的作用;在“礼”与“学”的加持下李觏认为,人“性”的境界可以提升、与“命”得以相宜;以唯物的科学思维和中正观为基础,李觏阐述了“人事”需要遵守的道德准则,强调了在中正之上的“权宜”性。宋代造就了中国古代科技的高峰,李觏等人的天和人相和谐的本质和精髓仍值得现代社会借鉴和传承。

探究儒家慈善思想及慈善事业的发展

当代中国的慈善事业正处于由传统向现代的转型时期,以慈善事业助推人的全面发展,为中国式现代化添砖加瓦。走出具有中国特色的慈善发展道路不仅需要具有现代意识,还要不断挖掘传统文化中的合理成分。长期以来,以仁爱为核心、以义利观为践行、以民为本的儒家慈善思想深远而持久地影响着慈善事业的发展。该文以文献研究法、系统分析法着手,追根溯源挖掘出传统儒家文化中蕴含的慈善基因,以此来研究当代社会慈善事业发展面临的困境,力求探究其困境背后隐含的理念性因素,在此基础上将传统儒家慈善理念与当下实际创新性结合,形成具有时代特征的慈善思想,从而在新时代新征程上助力慈善事业良好发展,建构符合时代发展的慈善事业。

Apercu des pensees des Lumieres de Voltaire d travers la culture confucianiste

En exposant la quintessence de la culture confucianiste de la Chine et 15 essence des pensees des Lumieres,on analyse principalement 15 influence de la culture confucianiste vers des pensees des Lumieres de Voltaire dans cet article.D5 ou il ressort que la combinaison rationnelle des pensees du confucianisme et de celles des Lumieres donne une impulsion d la succession et au d6veloppement de la culture humaine et mondiale.

儒家修身思想在当代大学生理想人格塑造中的价值探析

儒家修身思想作为儒家思想的核心部分,内涵丰富,影响深远,在今天依然具有十分重要的现实意义。塑造符合时代要求的理想人格是促进当代大学生成长成才的应有之义。儒家修身思想中蕴含的“内圣外王”的修身目标、“德才兼备”的修身内容、行之有效修身方法,对于大学生理想人格的塑造具有重要的借鉴意义。文章通过对儒家修身思想的价值目标、修身内容、修身方法的阐述梳理,在把握当代大学生理想人格时代蕴涵和对儒家修身思想批判继承的基础上,从目标参考、内容依托、方法借鉴三个层面,阐述儒家修身思想对于当代大学生理想人格塑造的价值意蕴,为儒家修身思想的传承和创新性发展、创造性转化,为当代大学生理想人格塑造提供有益参考。

Features of Gardens of Shu Kingdom in Pre-Qin Period of China

After the illustration of Shu Kingdom in pre-Qin period, the origin of Sichuan gardens has been discussed. Through the research on relevant materials of old Shu Kingdom, and by comparing with the archaeological discovery of Yangzi Mountain Terrace, the paper has proposed that the origin of Sichuan gardens can trace back to gardens in the period of Duyu King. It is considered that gardens in pre-Qin period are dominated by imperial gardens, emperors' or aristocratic cemeteries, among which the historical function and features of Yangzi Mountain Garden, Nanzhong Garden and Wudan Mountain Cemetery have been introduced. On this basis, characteristics of Sichuan gardens in pre-Qin period have been concluded, and the grand manner manifested through "Great Stone Worship" in ancient Shu Kingdom has been highlighted.

Discussion on Agricultural Religion in the Pre-Qin Period of China

Since ancient times,agricultural religion has been infiltrated into all aspects of economic,political and social life in China. Using rich historical data such as archeology,anthropology and ethnology,this paper discussed the historical process of agricultural religion in the pre-Qin period from animal worship to agricultural worship. It also discussed the agricultural objects,land,celestial nature,and labor ghosts.Finally,it revealed the inevitable trend of combination of social sacrificing activities.

The History of Xu-style Garden in the Pre-Qin Period

Based on ancient documents and archaeology,this paper studied the general situation and landscape conditions of ancient Xuzhou in the pre-Qin period,including regional changes,economic development,and gardening activities and characteristics of Xu-style gardens.The study found that ancient Xuzhou had been inhabited by human beings as early as 6,000 years ago,and villages and kingdoms had gradually formed.When Yu the Great ruled the country(also known as Jiuzhou,or nine states),Xu was one of the nine states,known as Xuzhou.Local natural geographical environment was superior,the transportation was convenient,economy and society was relatively developed,thus by the Zhou Dynasty,ancient Xuzhou region had already had a large number of early garden forms.This period was the incubation period of Xu-style garden.

Inheritance and Development of Three Pre-Qin Classics of Confucianism——An Application of Topic Modeling in Classical Chinese Text Analysis

The Analects, Mengzi and Xunzi are the top-three classical works of pre-Qin Confucianism, which epitomized thoughts and ideas of Confucius, Mencius and XunKuang1. There have been lots of spirited and in-depth discussions on their ideological inheritance and development from all kinds of academics. This paper tries to cast a new light on these discussions through “machine reading2”.

On the Ancient Educational Thought under the Opposite View of Human Nature of the Pre-Qin Scholars--On its Value to Contemporary Higher Education

The pre-qin Scholars’views on human nature could be divided into two types:malleable human nature and immalleable human nature.Based on the theory of the malleability of human nature,Confucianism formed an educational concept aiming at shaping the ideal personality of Confucianism.The theory of immutability of human nature has become the root of the two distinct educational concepts of Taoism,which advocates letting nature take its course,and Taoism,which aims at reforming human behavior.Either idea has its reasonableness.All of these have a very important impact on our higher education today.

古希腊雅典学派与先秦儒家正义本质观比较

正义与义形成于古希腊和先秦时期,构成一组可类比的概念,两者在雅典学派和儒家的相关理论中集成,共同构成轴心文明时代两种典型的正义论。以亚里士多德为代表的古希腊守法正义观关注个人外在行为规范,与荀子行义以礼等观念具有相似性,构成两种不同道德规范体系;古希腊公平正义观涉及利益占有行为,不同于孔孟个体道德领域的义利之辩,却与荀子礼义观具有相似处。柏拉图个人正义强调心灵和谐状态,类似于孟子义内说之寡欲集义,两者聚焦个体内在德性,但属于不同人格类型。从社会制度德性而言,柏拉图城邦正义与亚里士多德分配正义,各与荀子群居和一说及度量分界论具有极大相似性,两者皆强调基于天赋资质的社会分工和个人优绩的差等分配。正义与义容纳德性与规范维度,在个体或社会层面体现秩序与公正本质。

论孔子对子产形象的多维评议

孔子对子产形象的散点式评论,暗含了一套涉及政治文明理想和人物典范的评议体系。归纳了孔子评议子产的话语类型,发现该体系有着严密的内部逻辑,其以子产的执政理念和政治功绩为关键依据,并与子产的个体修养构成双重评判标准,进而达成了“圣贤”文化系统中的近源范式塑造。孔子之所以建立对子产形象的多维评议,一则借助子产的“贤臣”身份传递自身政治文明理想的核心诉求,二则经由子产的“君子”品格展现理想人格的诸种特质。此外,在现存文献记载中,孔子对子产的负面评价较少,研究发现这是后儒的改造,而这一话语类型正反映出孔子评议体系的文化影响力及子产形象在后世的接受情况。

先秦儒家义利观探析

以孔子、孟子、荀子为代表的先秦儒家,在义利观上的深刻洞见奠定了中国古代儒家伦理思想的基本路向。先秦儒家认为,礼义与利益并非单线统摄,而是双向互动的关系。义利既可两有,又会相互冲突。面对义利冲突,先秦儒家主张通过礼义的方式去解决和调节公私、群己、人我的利益冲突,并针对性地提出了“义以为上”“义之与比”“见利思义”“义然后取”的义利抉择原则,其内在根据是“义以为质”,把义视为人之所以为人的本质规定,从而将人是什么、应该做什么人、怎样做人这些根本问题统合到如何做一个仁人义士的问题上,为儒家君子成德之教的展开奠定了基础。先秦儒家对义利观的思考,对于新时代社会主义义利观的建构具有重要的借鉴意义。

论先秦儒家“善”的三重境界

先秦儒家对“善”的境界的阐发,具有三个层级:一是以“自足其乐”为中心的一般境界,此种境界追求的“乐”并非物质生活的享受,而是内心的充实快乐,以此实现自我的价值,发挥“善”的潜质,达到理想人格;二是渐次境界的淑世情怀,体现为博施济众、修己安人的道德精神,并将个人之善推广到天下,使个人与群体关系达到和谐;三是最高境界的止于至善,这是儒家所提倡的最高的价值目标和道德境界,“至善”不是静止不动的,而是对本性的复归,自我生命的升华。

谶纬视域下的《儒林外史》预言叙事探究

谶纬文化作为神秘文化的表现形式,在明清小说创作时已成为指导文本内部预言叙事模式的创作理念。《儒林外史》在预言叙事上对于结构设置的独特性、表现形式的多样性与特点的鲜明性显示出有别于其他作品的特点。同时又暗合吴敬梓对于社会进行揭露批判的需要和对重构以宗法礼教为核心的三代之治理想国的崇尚。

Evolution of the Pre-Qin Theory of Shi Yan Zhi and Different Interpretations

The phrase,shi yan zhi(poetry expressing aspirations)is ancient China’s first ontology of poetry,and therefore its significance should be examined from the ontological perspective.This paper explores the historical context in which this theory is created in three respects:the maturity of the artistic form that integrates poetry,music,and dance,the establishment of governance through an education system,and the establishment of an ethical system.This paper holds that as an ancient and classical theory,shi yan zhi was embraced and carried forward by the scholar-officials of the Spring and Autumn Period when reciting poems,and later was cited and further expanded by the pre-Qin philosophers.Zhi is the unique attribute of The Book of Odes to distinguish it from other classics.This paper also investigates the evolution history from shi yan zhi to the six music language skills and six forms of poetry described in“The Office of Spring”in The Rites of Zhou,as well as the six essential elements mentioned in the Introduction to Mao’s Version of The Book of Odes,highlighting the contribution of“The Record of Music”in The Book of Rites to the development of shi yan zhi.

Research on the origin of the theory of“heart as monarch”in Huang Di Nei Jing(Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic)

Scholars have previously attributed the theoretical origin of“the heart is the monarch/ruler”to the monarchical view of politics.However,according to the latest unearthed documents and relevant documents handed down from ancient times,it can be found that the theory of“the heart is the monarch”might derive from the importance of attachment to the“Zhong”ideology in traditional culture,which promoted the concept that the heart as the center of body,should be the ruler and was later evolved as the“monarch”.Similar cognitive views were all mentioned in Confucianism,Taoism,eclectics scholars and other pre-Qin literature,but only in the system of traditional Chinese medicine,they played a significant role in building the heart-centered theory of Zang-Fu.Traditional Chinese medicine is a discipline developed mainly by clinical practice with the fundamental purpose of curing diseases and saving people.Although the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)roots in the pre-Qin Dynasty,the development is unique to the other philosophies.With rich cultural connotations and philosophical thoughts,TCM is certainly the key to the treasures of Chinese civilization and deserves more attention and exploration.

宋代理学家与《老子》的关系及其历史意义

宋明时期注《老》群体愈发庞大,但宋代少见为《老》作注的理学家,在对老子思想“明斥暗合”的主基调中,惟见吕祖谦和林希逸两人注《老》。面对佛道两家思想,宋代理学家对道家老子的态度,整体呈现出一个演进的过程:从接纳《老子》,到在批判中予以吸收或严厉批判,再到汇通儒老而注《老》。吕祖谦、林希逸《老子》注本的问世,标志着南宋时期理学界内已经出现“为《老》正名”的先声。

美德的有效领导:基于儒家视角的政治领导力分析

结合了儒家伦理学和亚里士多德伦理学的观点,提出了道德作为个人能力的理论。根据这一重要见解,以及《论语》中智、仁、勇三大道德能力的发展和实现,进一步提出关于领导力(特别是政治领导力)的理论。赞同儒家学说在人类的感觉、思想、意志等深度结构中的见解,从而实现智、仁、勇(智慧、关怀、勇气)的道德能力,并解释了这3项道德能力是如何三者合一以保证高效的政治领导力,同时展示了这一政治领导力的模型将如何在社会的3个阶层,即社区、商界和政界发挥效力。在评论Governance Principles of Caux Table的时候,从"智"、"仁"、"勇"三者合一的角度提出一个建议,以此呈现所论述方法的意义和价值。