The improvement of machining behavior of prehardened-mould steel for plastic is realized by using computer-aided composition design in this work. The results showed that the matrix composition of large sectional preha...The improvement of machining behavior of prehardened-mould steel for plastic is realized by using computer-aided composition design in this work. The results showed that the matrix composition of large sectional prehardened mould steel for plastic markedly influences the precipitation of non-metallic inclusion and the control of composition aided by Thermo-Calc software package minimizes the amount of detrimental oxide inclusion. In addition the modification of calcium is optimized in the light of composition design.展开更多
The gas in plastics mould has great influence on performance, appearance and lifespan of the injection molded parts. Venting channel and its appendix system should be used for gas exhausting in general. However, the d...The gas in plastics mould has great influence on performance, appearance and lifespan of the injection molded parts. Venting channel and its appendix system should be used for gas exhausting in general. However, the dependence on the venting system complicates the mould design. Furthermore in certain condition, it is difficult to integrate the venting system into the mould. Currently a kind of mold material which has gas permeability has been developed in abroad, but the applications of this mold material were restricted by its higher cost and smaller size. In this research, a porous material which was made by powder metallurgy was applied to plastic mould to replace the venting system. Permeability of the steel with different secondary processing was tested and compared with a special apparatus. The metallographic samples of the steel with different secondary processing were prepared and investigated. Finally an actual injection set was established to investigate the applications of permeable steel. The metallographies indicate that the micro-holes inside permeable steel were interconnected. Moulds made of permeable steel exhibit good permeability in the plastic-injection experiments and gas generated in the mould cavity was smoothly exhausted. The melted plastic did not penetrate into the mould or block in the micro-holes. After several times of plastic-injection experiments, the mould still retained good permeability. The strength of this permeable steel is between 200–250 MPa and suitable for industrial applications. The venting systems simplified by permeable steel in plastic-injection have simple structures, which can be applied into any place that requires gas exhausting.展开更多
A new design of copper-bearing non-quenched plastic mold steel is presented and explained. Two kinds of microstructure can be obtained from this new type copper-bearing steel via cooling with different cooling rates, ...A new design of copper-bearing non-quenched plastic mold steel is presented and explained. Two kinds of microstructure can be obtained from this new type copper-bearing steel via cooling with different cooling rates, bainite and a mixed microstructure consisting of ferrite and bainite. It is found that, after proper tempering process, the hardness will be increased. Moreover, the hardness difference between different microstructures will be reduced. For further investigation, the samples tempered at different temperatures were examined by XRD and 3DAP (three dimensional atom probe) analysis. Results show that the improvement is contributed mainly by the precipitation of Cu phase and transformation of residual austenite.展开更多
In order to meet the demand of prehardened steel for large section plastic mould and save energy, a non-quenched prehardened (NQP) steel is developed. The temperature field of a large block is researched by finite ele...In order to meet the demand of prehardened steel for large section plastic mould and save energy, a non-quenched prehardened (NQP) steel is developed. The temperature field of a large block is researched by finite element method simulation and 9 test steels are designed in the laboratory. Their microstructures and hardness are investigated when they are air cooled and control cooled at cooling rate similar to the simulation. The result shows that the hardness uniformity through section is closely correlated to bainitic hardenability for the NQP steel, and the hardness of one test steel (0.27C-1.95Mn-1.04Cr-0.45Mo-0.1V) fluctuates between HRC 40 and 43 under both cooling conditions. The test steel has better machinability compared with C45 steel, and the NQP steel is produced successfully in the factory based on the laboratory results. Its microstructure is bainite, and it is distributed uniformly through the size of 460 mm×800 mm×3200 mm.展开更多
The influence of austenitizing temperature on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of 55Cr18 MolVN high-nitrogen plastic mould steel was investigated.The microstructure,elemental distribution and Cr-depleted zo...The influence of austenitizing temperature on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of 55Cr18 MolVN high-nitrogen plastic mould steel was investigated.The microstructure,elemental distribution and Cr-depleted zone of different heat-treated samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction,electron probe microanalyzer analysis,and transmission electron microscopy.The corrosion resistance was evaluated using electrochemical measurements,and the analysis of passive film was carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results indicated that the volume fraction of precipitates decreased,and the homogeneity of elements was improved with increasing austenitizing temperature.The degree of Cr-depleted zone around coarse M_(23)C_6 was severer than that around M_2N,and pitting corrosion initiated preferentially around M_(23)C_6.The corrosion resistance of the samples increased with the austenitizing temperature.With the increase in austenitizing temperature,the passive film was thickened and Cr(Ⅲ)_(Cr_2O_3) in the inner layer of passive film was enriched,which enhanced the corrosion resistance of the steel.The higher content of nitrogen in solid solution at higher austenitizing temperature contributed to the increased intensity of CrN and NH_3,leading to the increase in pH value in the pit,and promoting the repassivation of 55Cr18 MolVN steel.展开更多
文摘The improvement of machining behavior of prehardened-mould steel for plastic is realized by using computer-aided composition design in this work. The results showed that the matrix composition of large sectional prehardened mould steel for plastic markedly influences the precipitation of non-metallic inclusion and the control of composition aided by Thermo-Calc software package minimizes the amount of detrimental oxide inclusion. In addition the modification of calcium is optimized in the light of composition design.
基金supported by Guangdong-Hong Kong Key Project of China (Grant No. 2007Z010)National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant No. 2007CB616905)
文摘The gas in plastics mould has great influence on performance, appearance and lifespan of the injection molded parts. Venting channel and its appendix system should be used for gas exhausting in general. However, the dependence on the venting system complicates the mould design. Furthermore in certain condition, it is difficult to integrate the venting system into the mould. Currently a kind of mold material which has gas permeability has been developed in abroad, but the applications of this mold material were restricted by its higher cost and smaller size. In this research, a porous material which was made by powder metallurgy was applied to plastic mould to replace the venting system. Permeability of the steel with different secondary processing was tested and compared with a special apparatus. The metallographic samples of the steel with different secondary processing were prepared and investigated. Finally an actual injection set was established to investigate the applications of permeable steel. The metallographies indicate that the micro-holes inside permeable steel were interconnected. Moulds made of permeable steel exhibit good permeability in the plastic-injection experiments and gas generated in the mould cavity was smoothly exhausted. The melted plastic did not penetrate into the mould or block in the micro-holes. After several times of plastic-injection experiments, the mould still retained good permeability. The strength of this permeable steel is between 200–250 MPa and suitable for industrial applications. The venting systems simplified by permeable steel in plastic-injection have simple structures, which can be applied into any place that requires gas exhausting.
基金Sponsored by National Key Technology Research and Development Program in 11th Five-Year Plan of China(2007BAE51B04)
文摘A new design of copper-bearing non-quenched plastic mold steel is presented and explained. Two kinds of microstructure can be obtained from this new type copper-bearing steel via cooling with different cooling rates, bainite and a mixed microstructure consisting of ferrite and bainite. It is found that, after proper tempering process, the hardness will be increased. Moreover, the hardness difference between different microstructures will be reduced. For further investigation, the samples tempered at different temperatures were examined by XRD and 3DAP (three dimensional atom probe) analysis. Results show that the improvement is contributed mainly by the precipitation of Cu phase and transformation of residual austenite.
基金Item Sponsored by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (T0101)
文摘In order to meet the demand of prehardened steel for large section plastic mould and save energy, a non-quenched prehardened (NQP) steel is developed. The temperature field of a large block is researched by finite element method simulation and 9 test steels are designed in the laboratory. Their microstructures and hardness are investigated when they are air cooled and control cooled at cooling rate similar to the simulation. The result shows that the hardness uniformity through section is closely correlated to bainitic hardenability for the NQP steel, and the hardness of one test steel (0.27C-1.95Mn-1.04Cr-0.45Mo-0.1V) fluctuates between HRC 40 and 43 under both cooling conditions. The test steel has better machinability compared with C45 steel, and the NQP steel is produced successfully in the factory based on the laboratory results. Its microstructure is bainite, and it is distributed uniformly through the size of 460 mm×800 mm×3200 mm.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.51304041, 51434004 and U1435205)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. N150204007)
文摘The influence of austenitizing temperature on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of 55Cr18 MolVN high-nitrogen plastic mould steel was investigated.The microstructure,elemental distribution and Cr-depleted zone of different heat-treated samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction,electron probe microanalyzer analysis,and transmission electron microscopy.The corrosion resistance was evaluated using electrochemical measurements,and the analysis of passive film was carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results indicated that the volume fraction of precipitates decreased,and the homogeneity of elements was improved with increasing austenitizing temperature.The degree of Cr-depleted zone around coarse M_(23)C_6 was severer than that around M_2N,and pitting corrosion initiated preferentially around M_(23)C_6.The corrosion resistance of the samples increased with the austenitizing temperature.With the increase in austenitizing temperature,the passive film was thickened and Cr(Ⅲ)_(Cr_2O_3) in the inner layer of passive film was enriched,which enhanced the corrosion resistance of the steel.The higher content of nitrogen in solid solution at higher austenitizing temperature contributed to the increased intensity of CrN and NH_3,leading to the increase in pH value in the pit,and promoting the repassivation of 55Cr18 MolVN steel.
