Uncertainty Evaluation of Preparation of Organophosphorus Pesticide Mixed Standard Solution

The uncertainty of standard solution plays an important role in detection of pesticide residues. It may affect the accuracy of detection results. In this study, the 14 organophosphorus pesticides mixed standard solution was used as the material to analyze all the influencing factors for the preparation of mixed standard solution with uncertainty as the only judging index. The preparation uncertainty of mixed standard solution was calculated with the top-down calculation method. In the end, the expanded uncertainty was presented. The results showed that the preparation of mixed standard solution from stock solution with precise pipettes had a relatively low uncertainty.

Monte Carlo Method for the Uncertainty Evaluation of Spatial Straightness Error Based on New Generation Geometrical Product Specification

Straightness error is an important parameter in measuring high-precision shafts. New generation geometrical product speeifieation（GPS） requires the measurement uncertainty characterizing the reliability of the results should be given together when the measurement result is given. Nowadays most researches on straightness focus on error calculation and only several research projects evaluate the measurement uncertainty based on ＂The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement（GUM）＂. In order to compute spatial straightness error（SSE） accurately and rapidly and overcome the limitations of GUM, a quasi particle swarm optimization（QPSO） is proposed to solve the minimum zone SSE and Monte Carlo Method（MCM） is developed to estimate the measurement uncertainty. The mathematical model of minimum zone SSE is formulated. In QPSO quasi-random sequences are applied to the generation of the initial position and velocity of particles and their velocities are modified by the constriction factor approach. The flow of measurement uncertainty evaluation based on MCM is proposed, where the heart is repeatedly sampling from the probability density function（PDF） for every input quantity and evaluating the model in each case. The minimum zone SSE of a shaft measured on a Coordinate Measuring Machine（CMM） is calculated by QPSO and the measurement uncertainty is evaluated by MCM on the basis of analyzing the uncertainty contributors. The results show that the uncertainty directly influences the product judgment result. Therefore it is scientific and reasonable to consider the influence of the uncertainty in judging whether the parts are accepted or rejected, especially for those located in the uncertainty zone. The proposed method is especially suitable when the PDF of the measurand cannot adequately be approximated by a Gaussian distribution or a scaled and shifted t-distribution and the measurement model is non-linear.

Threat evaluation method of warships formation air defense based on AR(p)-DITOPSIS

For the target threat evaluation of warships formation air defense, the sample data are frequently insufficient and even incomplete. The existing evaluation methods rely too much on expertise and are difficult to carry out for the dynamic evaluation on time series. In order to solve these problems, a threat evaluation method based on the AR(p)(auto regressive(AR))-dynamic improved technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(DITOPSIS) method is proposed. The AR(p) model is adopted to predict the missing data on the time series. Then, the entropy weight method is applied to solve each index weight at the objective point. Kullback-Leibler divergence(KLD) is used to improve the traditional TOPSIS, and to carry out the target threat evaluation. The Poisson distribution is used to assign the weight value.Simulation results show that the improved AR(p)-DITOPSIS threat evaluation method can synthetically take into account the target threat degree in time series and is more suitable for the threat evaluation under the condition of missing the target data than the traditional TOPSIS method.

Assessing Suitability of Rural Settlements Using an Improved Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution

Land suitability assessment is a prerequisite phase in land use planning; it guides toward optimal land use by providing information on the opportunities and constraints involved in the use of a given land area. A geographic information system-based procedure, known as rural settlement suitability evaluation(RSSE) using an improved technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS), was adopted to determine the most suitable area for constructing rural settlements in different geographical locations. Given the distribution and independence of rural settlements, a distinctive evaluation criteria system that differed from that of urban suitability was established by considering the level of rural infrastructure services as well as living and working conditions. The unpredictable mutual interference among evaluation factors has been found in practical works. An improved TOPSIS using Mahalanobis distance was applied to solve the unpredictable correlation among the criteria in a suitability evaluation. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses obtained via Monte Carlo simulation were performed to examine the robustness of the model. Daye, a resource-based city with rapid economic development, unsatisfied rural development, and geological environmental problems caused by mining, was used as a case study. Results indicate the following findings: 1) The RSSE model using the improved TOPSIS can assess the suitability of rural settlements, and the suitability maps generated using the improved TOPSIS have higher information density than those generated using traditional TOPSIS. The robustness of the model is improved, and the uncertainty is reduced in the suitability results. 2) Highly suitable land is mainly distributed in the northeast of the study area, and the majority of which is cultivated land, thereby leading to tremendous pressure on the loss of cultivated land. 3) Lastly, 12.54% of the constructive expansion permitted zone and 8.36% of the constructive expansion conditionally permitted zone are situated in an unsuitable area, which indicates that the general planning of Daye lacks the necessary verification of suitability evaluation. Guidance is provided on the development strategy of rural settlement patches to support decision making in general land use planning.

Decolorization Kinetics of Sludge Protein Solution by ^(60)Coγ-Ray Irradiation/H_2O_2 Oxidation

In order to carry out decolorization, sludge protein solution, a dark brown close to black solution from activated sludge, was subjected to ^(60)Co γ-ray irradiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. UV/Vis spectrophotometric method was used to investigate the effect of H2O2 on the coloration apparent kinetics and rate constants of sludge protein solution under γ-ray irradiation. In addition, the effects of irradiation dose, initial sludge protein solution concentration, and pH value on the decolorization efficiency of sludge protein solution were studied. Results showed that the decolorization apparent kinetics of sludge protein solution was a first-order reaction. The solution decolorization percentage increased with the increase of irradiation dose or the decrease of initial sludge protein solution concentration. The examination results of pH value showed that the sludge protein solution could be more efficiently decolorized in alkaline media than in acid media. Moreover, sensory evaluation and foamability analysis indicated that irradiated samples under H2O2 oxidation showed better sensory score and foamability.

Evaluation of Plant Landscape in Residential Areas Based on AHP and TOPSIS

Taking 6 residential areas in Nyingchi of Tibet as research objects,from aesthetic effect,ecological function and leisure service,this paper established the evaluation indicator system for plant landscape in residential areas using AHP,and calculated the weight of indicators using the judgment matrix. Besides,it calculated the ideal solution and closeness degree of matrix using TOPSIS,and established the evaluation method and preference method for plant landscape in residential areas. The results show that the indicators of seasonal variation,environmental benefit and per capita green space mattered most in the landscape evaluation of residential areas. The richness of flowering plant is weak in the landscape evaluation. From the comprehensive evaluation of residential areas,Nyingchi Garden District and Xingfu District have excellent plant landscape,Jialong Garden District and Shangcheng Garden District have general plant landscape,and Sun City District and Niyang Garden District have poor plant landscape.

Study and application on the evaluation method of porous formation for long-term waterflooding sand reservoir

Nine targets which stand both for the static characteristic of produced formations and the dynamic parameter of wells including the average permeability,variation coefficient of permeability,moving capability,remaining recoverable reserves,coefficient of flooding,daily oil production,increasing rate of water cut,cumulative liquid production per unit meter and efficiency index of oil production are selected as the evaluation indexes,a novel model to evaluate the porous formations in long-term waterflooding sand reservoir was established by using the support vector machine and clustering analysis. Data of 57 wells from Shentuo 21 block Shengli oilfield was analyzed by using the model. Four kinds of formation groups were gained. According to the analysis result,different adjustment solutions were put forward to develop the relevant formations. The Monthly oil production increased 7.6 % and the water cut decreased 8.9 % after the adjusted solutions. Good results indicate that the learning from this method gained will be valuable adding to other long-term waterflooding sand reservoirs in Shengli oilfield and other similar reservoirs worldwide.

Selecting suitable key supplier for core components during smart complex equipment central-private enterprises collaborative development process:from two different forms of evaluation information and matching perspective

With the development of central-private enterprises integration,selecting suitable key suppliers are able to provide core components for smart complex equipment.We consider selecting suitable key suppliers from matching perspective,for it not only satisfies natural development of smart complex equipment,it is also a good implementation of equipment project in central-private enterprises integration context.In in this paper,we carry out two parts of research,one is evaluation attributes based on comprehensive analysis,and the other is matching process between key suppliers and core components based on the matching attribute.In practical analysis process,we employ comprehensive evaluated analysis methods to acquire relevant attributes for the matching process that follows.In the analysis process,we adopt entropy-maximum deviation method(MDM)-decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)to obtain a comprehensive analysis.The entropy-MDM is applied to get weight value,DEMATEL is utilized to obtain internal relations,and TOPSIS is adopted to get ideal evaluated solution.We consider aggregating two types of evaluation information according to similarities of smart complex equipment based on the combination between geometric mean and arithmetic mean.Moreover,based on the aforementioned attributes and generalized power Heronian mean operator,we aggregate preference information to acquire relevant satisfaction degree,then combine the constructed matching model to get suitable key supplier.Through comprehensive analysis of selecting suitable suppliers,we know that two-sided matching and information aggregation can provide more research perspectives for smart complex equipment.Through analysis for relevant factors,we find that leading role and service level are also significant for the smart complex equipment development process.

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration via Steelmaking Slag Carbonation in Alkali Solutions: Experimental Investigation and Process Evaluation

Carbon dioxide mineral sequestration with steelmaking slag is a promising method for reducing carbon dioxide in a large- scale setting. Existing calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide in steelmaking slag can be easily leached by water, and the formed calcium carbonate can be easily wrapped on the surface of unreacted steelmaking slag particles. Thus, further increase in the carbonation reaction rate can be prevented. Enhanced carbon dioxide mineral sequestration with steel- making slag in dilute alkali solution was analysed in this study through experiments and process evaluation. Operating conditions, namely alkali concentration, reaction temperature and time, and liquid-to-solid ratio, were initially investigated. Then, the material and energy balance of the entire process was calculated, and the net carbon dioxide sequestration efficiency at different reaction times was evaluated. Results showed that dilute alkali solution participated in slowing down the leaching of active calcium in the steelmaking slag and in significantly improving carbonation conversion rate. The highest carbonation conversion rate of approximately 50% can be obtained at the optimal conditions of 20 g/L alkali concentration, 2 mL/L liquid-to-solid ratio, and 70 ℃ reaction temperature. Carbonation reaction time significantly influences the net carbon dioxide sequestration efficiency. According to calculation, carbon dioxide emission of 52.6 kg/t- slag was avoided at a relatively long time of 120 min.

Enhanced carbon solubility in solvent for SiC rapid solution growth:Thermodynamic evaluation of Cr-Ce-Si-C system

The carbon dissolution in solvent plays a key role in the process of solution growth route for SiC single crystal,which could determine the growth rate and quality of the products.However,the carbon dissolving ability of binary alloy solvent still needs to be improved.Here,we demonstrate the improved carbon dissolution and enlarged carbon supersaturation in Cr-Ce-Si ternary solvent,showing great potential for SiC solution growth.The phase relations of Cr-Ce-Si-C system were determined by using CALPHAD method based on thermodynamic parameters of CeCr_(2)Si_(2)C.It is indicated that the Cr-Ce-Si ternary solvent shows much larger carbon solubility in temperature range from 1700 to 2000℃compared to Cr-Si binary one,Furthermore,the carbon supersaturation in solvent is also significantly increased in low temperature range after the addition of Ce,leading to a rapid growth rate.Our work not only demonstrates the feasibility of adding Ce in the alloy solvent for rapid growth of SiC crystal,but also provides an example for investigating the C solubility in ternary solvent.

Evaluating the weekly changes in terrestrial water storage estimated by two different inversion strategies in the Amazon River Basin

In this study,we estimated the weekly Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)spherical harmonic(SH)solutions and regional mascon solutions using GRACE-based Geopotential Difference(GPD)data and investigated their abilities in retrieving terrestrial water storage(TWS)changes over the Amazon River Basin(ARB)from January 2003 to February 2013.The performance of the weekly GPD-SH and GPDmascon solutions was evaluated by comparing them with the weekly GFZ-SH solutions,Global Land Data Assimilation Systems(GLDAS)-NOAH hydrological model outputs,and monthly GFZ-SH,GPD-SH,and CSRmascon solutions in the spatio-temporal and spectral domains.The results demonstrate that the weekly GPD-SH and GPD-mascon present good consistency with the weekly GFZ-SH solutions and GLDAS-NOAH estimates in the spatio-temporal domains,but GPD-mascon presents stronger signal amplitudes and more spatial details.The comparison of the monthly average of weekly estimates and monthly solutions demonstrates that the weekly GPD-mascon and GFZ-SH with DDK1 filtering are close to the monthly CSRmascon and GFZ-SH solutions,respectively.However,the signal amplitudes of TWS changes from GPD-SH and GFZ-SH with 650 km Gaussian filtering are smaller than the monthly solutions,and the corresponding Root Mean Square Errors between the TWS change time series from the monthly average of weekly solutions and monthly estimates are 18.12 mm(GPD-mascon),18.81 mm(GFZ-SH-DDK1),24.93 mm(GPDSH-G650km),and 33.07 mm(GFZ-SH-G650km),respectively.Additionally,the TWS change time series derived from weekly solutions present more high-frequency time-varying information than monthly solutions.Furthermore,the 300 km Gaussian filtering can improve the signal amplitudes of TWS changes from the weekly GPD-SH solutions more than those with 650 km Gaussian filtering,but the corresponding noise level is higher.The weekly GPD-SH and GPD-mascon solutions can extend the application scopes of GRACE and provide good complements to the current GRACE monthly solutions.

基于KJ-AHP-VIKOR集成法的老年智能厨电产品设计研究

目的为设计出更符合老年用户真实需求的智能产品,探讨如何综合应用多种科学方法进行老年智能厨电产品设计与方案优选决策。方法提出KJ亲和图-AHP层次分析-VIKOR多准则妥协解排序三种方法相结合的集成法,以辅助老年智能厨电产品设计。首先,通过KJ法挖掘用户功能需求清单,运用AHP法对用户需求进行筛选并构建分层模型,计算各因素权重值并输出优先级排序结果;其次,根据所得结果提出可供性设计策略并进行概念方案设计;最后,邀请相关人员利用VIKOR法对备选方案的判断矩阵进行聚合函数统计,获得最接近理想点且能被决策者接受的优选折衷解。结果以老年智能电饭煲设计为例进行方法模型实证,精准获得老年用户的需求,为智能电饭煲指出设计重点,解决设计方案的优选问题。结论通过实证验证该集成法具有一定的可操作性、实用性和优越性,为后期设计师优选老年智能厨电产品方案提供了科学的参考依据。

基于云-TOPSIS法的应急物流供应商综合评价

为实现应急物流降本增效的目标,从供应商层面出发,运用云-逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)评价应急物流供应商综合能力;根据应急物流特点,从应急响应能力、物资质量、成本控制、应急响应柔性、企业内外部条件等5方面,构建应急物流供应商综合评价指标体系;借鉴博弈论思想,将用改进熵权法求得的客观权重和用层次分析法(AHP)求得的主观权重作为博弈对手,确定最优组合权重;运用云模型量化指标决策云和加权云对供应商的模糊定性评价语义;采用TOPSIS法构建正负理想解集合,计算备选方案与正负理想解的距离确定相对贴近度,确定最优备选方案。研究结果表明:指标决策云能准确地将评价语言量化,云-TOPSIS法的评价结果更合理;在供应商相对贴近度排序中,采用云-TOPSIS法计算的最优与最劣者差值为0.3315,而TOPSIS法为0.0882,两者相差0.2433,表明云-TOPSIS法的评价结果区分度更大,能更直观地辅助决策者做出最优选择。

基于TOPSIS法和波士顿矩阵的医院神经专科能力评估研究

目的通过对以神经科学集群建设为特色的三级甲等医院的神经专科能力进行评估,为国内医院的特色专科建设提供参考。方法从服务能力、技术能力、质量安全和服务效率4个维度建立神经外科、神经内科专科能力评估指标体系,通过优劣解距离(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)法纵向比较首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经专科2019—2023年发展趋势,并采用波士顿矩阵深入分析神经专科各亚专业建设情况。结果2019—2023年首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经专科TOPSIS综合得分指数呈上升趋势。神经外科以胶质瘤诊治为主的肿瘤专业1,在技术能力和质量安全方面得分指数最高;神经内科以脑血管病为主的亚专业,在技术能力和服务效率方面得分指数较高,以上两个亚专业在波士顿矩阵中均处于优势巩固区。结论2019—2023年首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经专科诊治能力不断提升。神经外科亚专业中,专科能力排名最高的为肿瘤专业1,诊疗技术难度较高,同时医疗质量负性事件发生率低。神经内科各亚专业中,脑血管专业诊疗技术难度高且服务高效。

“小麦青贮”事件引发的关于黄淮海区草业问题的思考——以河北省为例

2022年“小麦青贮”事件引发广泛关注和热议,为了发掘“小麦青贮”事件发生的根本原因,为黄淮海区草业发展提出高质量发展路径,推动黄淮海区草产业绿色健康发展目标的实现,作者以河北省为例,对“小麦青贮”事件从科学评价和理性认知进行了探讨,从发生根源进行了分析,并提出了杜绝“小麦青贮”再次发生的解决路径和技术策略建议等。即树立大食物观念,提高对饲草产业认知;并由管理部门协调好口粮与肉奶生产关系;顺畅各类饲草产品的产供销渠道;发展冷季型饲草,完善饲草生产供应技术体系,从根本上解决春夏饲草短缺矛盾,避免“小麦青贮”事件再次发生。

物联网设备方案在手术室应用的临床效益评价

目的 探索物联网设备方案以提升住院部日间手术室的过程管理效率,解决麻醉医师、巡回护士走动次数多和距离长的问题。评价该方案对手术患者的影响,确定方案改善效益、减少患者手术时长的同时,提高医护满意度。方法 对实施物联网设备方案与未实施的手术室进行对照试验,记录的定量数据采用t检验进行实证分析。结果 使用物联网方案的手术室减少了麻醉医师及巡回护士走动次数和距离、手术记录时间,获得了更高的满意度。结论 该方案在手术室的使用可提高手术室效率、减少记录时间,实时的数据决策可提升麻醉医师、巡回护士工作效率。

基于属性层次模型加权逼近理想解排序法的阿哌沙班药物利用评价

目的促进临床合理使用阿哌沙班。方法以阿哌沙班药品说明书为基础,参考相关指南和文献,建立阿哌沙班药物利用评价(DUE)标准。采用属性层次模型(AHM)对DUE标准的指标进行赋权,采用逼近理想解排序(TOPSIS)法对医院2021年8月至2022年7月使用阿哌沙班的病历进行用药合理性评价。结果共形成3个一级指标,12个二级指标。共纳入102份病历(涉及患者102例),其中男52例,女50例,以非瓣膜性房颤(52例)和预防静脉血栓(30例)为主要用药指征。二级指标中相对权重系数较高的为适应证(0.108)、药物转换(0.107)、禁忌证(0.089),不合理率排前3的为用法用量(61.76%)、适应证(44.12%)、联合用药(38.24%)。评价为合理用药[与最优方案相对接近度(C_(i))≥0.8]、基本合理用药(0.6≤C_(i)<0.8)、不合理用药(C_(i)<0.6)的分别有15例(14.71%),61例(59.80%),26例(25.49%)。结论基于AHM加权TOPSIS法进行阿哌沙班药物利用合理性评价具有可行性。该院阿哌沙班的使用基本合理,但在适应证、联合用药、用法用量等方面仍存在问题,临床医师和药师应加强干预,进一步提高该药使用的规范性。

基于加权逼近理想解排序法对儿科应用喜炎平注射液的药物利用评价

目的:探讨喜炎平注射液药物利用评价(DUE)标准的建立与应用,为喜炎平注射液在儿童患者中的合理使用提供参考。方法:以喜炎平注射液说明书为基础,参考相关共识及指南建立新乡市第一人民医院喜炎平注射液DUE标准,并采用加权逼近理想解排序(TOPSIS)法对我院2023年3-6月使用喜炎平注射液的130份患儿归档病历进行评价及分析。结果:制订的喜炎平注射液DUE标准包括用药指征、用药过程、用药结果3个方面,11项评价指标。经评价我医院患儿在喜炎平注射液使用过程中存在的主要问题为用法用量不适宜24例(18.46%)、无适应证用药15例(11.54%)、用药疗程不适宜12例(9.23%)、给药速度不适宜6例(4.62%)。结论:基于加权TOPSIS法的儿科应用喜炎平注射液DUE方法可综合多个评价指标,操作性强,评价方法简便灵活,但我院儿科喜炎平注射液的临床应用存在不合理使用现象,应加强点评和干预。

复合微生物除臭液制备及其安全性与除臭效果评估

为制备复合微生物除臭液并评估其除臭效果和安全性,试验通过特殊营养液、光照厌氧处理从鸡粪样品中富集和扩增培养微生物菌液,从中筛选出最优复合微生物除臭液J9和J10,测定其生长曲线,并进行除臭效果试验和小鼠急性毒性检测。结果表明:J9和J10在扩增培养第2 d进入对数期,在第5~6 d进入稳定期。与不喷洒除臭液的对照组相比,筛选出的最优复合微生物除臭液J9和J10对鸡粪产生的NH_(3)和H_(2)S的去除率可高达82.41%和76.18%,显著(P<0.05)高于不喷洒除臭液的对照组。安全评价结果显示,复合微生物除臭液对小鼠急性经口毒性LD_(50)>40 g/kg体重,属于实际无毒级物质,具有较好的安全性。说明该复合微生物除臭液在实际应用中具有高效的除臭能力和安全性,并易制备。