Numerical simulation of the welding deformation for the side sill of the bogie frame based on local-global method

Considering the limitation of computational capacity, a new finite element solution is used to simulate the welding deformation of the side sill of railroad car＇ s bogie frame based on the local-global method. Firstly, a volumetric heat source defined by a double ellipsoid is adopted to simulate the thermal distributions of the arc welding process. And then, the local models extracted from the global model are computed with refined meshes. On these bases, the global distortions of the subject studied are ascertained by transferring the inner forces of computed local models to the global model. It indicates that the local-global method is feasible for simulating the large welded structures by comparing the computed results with the corresponding actual measured values. The work provides basis for optimizing the welding sequence and clamping conditions, and has theoretical values and engineering significance in the integral design, manufacturing technique selection of the bogie frame, as well as other kinds of large welded structures.

Numerical simulation of residual stress and deformation for submerged arc welding of Q690D high strength low alloy steel thick plate

The finite element simulation software SYSWELD is used to numerically simulate the temperature field,residual stress field,and welding deformation of Q690D thick plate multi-layer and multi-pass welding under different welding heat input and groove angles.The simulation results show that as the welding heat input increases,the peak temperature during the welding process is higher,and the residual stress increases,they are all between 330–340 MPa,and the residual stress is concentrated in the area near the weld.The hole-drilling method is used to measure the actual welding residual stress,and the measured data is in good agreement with the simulated value.The type of post-welding deformation is angular deformation,and as the welding heat input increases,the maximum deformation also increases.It shows smaller residual stress and deformation when the groove angle is 40°under the same heat input.In engineering applications,under the premise of guaranteeing welding quality,smaller heat input and 40°groove angle should be used.

Numerical simulation of stress and deformation of in-service welding onto gas pipeline

SYSWELD was used to simulate in-service welding process of gas pipeline of X70 pipeline steel. Welding thermal cycle, stress and deformation of in-service welded joint were studied. The results show that peak temperature of coarse grain heat-affected zone （CGHAZ） of in-service welding onto gas pipeline is the same with routine welding, but ts/5, ts/3 and ts/1 decrease at certain degree. For the zone near welded seam, axial stress and hoop stress in the inner pipe wall are compressive stress when welding source passes through the cross-section that is studied, but residual axial stress and residual hoop stress after welded are all tensile stress. Transient deformation and residual deformation are all convex deformation compared with the original pipe diameter size. Deformation achieves maximum when welding thermal source passes through the cross-section that is studied and then decreases during the cooling process after welding.

Three dimension simulation analysis of the interpass stress and deformation during multipass welding

It has been widely studied about the final residual stress and deformation in muhipass welding of thick weldments. But there is a lack of a clear understanding of the interrelationship of interpass stress and deformation during multipass welding. In this study, a three dimension numerical model of a sixteen-pass double V-groove welded joint with 50 mm plate is developed to compute the stress field and deformation by using multiple CPU parallel processing technology. The following factors such as the non-linear of temperature, heat radiation, filling of material step by step and so on are considered. Distribution and evolution law of welding stress in the transverse and longitudinal section is analyzed in this paper, and the interpnss stresses are studied also. At the same time the evolution course of angular deformation amount is analyzed, and the experimental results show that the calculated resuhs accord with the measured results of angular deformation.

Numerical study of fillet weld leg height of sleeve repair welding for in-service pipeline

This paper presents a mechanical calculation and numerical simulation of the fillet weld of sleeve repair.The mechanical analysis based on the yield criteria is performed to obtain the minimum value of the fillet weld leg height to ensure the strength and loadbearing capacity of the weld. Within the framework of numerical simulation,the parameters of double ellipsoid heat source are determined by fitting method and the simulated molten pool morphology agrees well with the practical weld. Finite element models with various weld leg height are performed to predict the distribution and magnitude of the deformation and stress. The simulation takes into account thermal,metallurgical and mechanical factors,and the maximum value of the fillet weld leg height is obtained based on the magnitude of the deformation and stress.The mechanical calculation and numerical simulation results show that 1.2-2 times wall thickness is an optimal range of fillet weld leg height. And reasonable parameters of sleeve repair for in-service welding are provided for engineering field,which can improve the service life of the weld and production efficiency.

Simulating the residual deformation of thin-plate butt weldments without wire filling by contact mode

The residual deformation in thin-plate butt weldments without wire filling was investigated by simulative and experimental methods.The good consistency on the residual deformation between the simulation result and test measurement data indicates that the contact mode can be used to simulate the butt welding process of thin plates without wire filling.The longitudinal residual tensile stress in the weld zone lead to the buckling deformation of thin-plate weldments,and the appearance of buckling deformation would in turn reduce the peak value of longitudinal residual tensile stress.As for the thin-plate butt weldments,the tensile stresses in the weld and its neighboring zone are produced in the post-weld cooling process and have not peak until the temperature of the welds dropped to near room temperature.

Deformation analysis of a friction stir-welded thin sheet aluminum alloy joint

The deformation characteristics of a friction stir welded thin sheet aluminum alloy joint were analyzed via numerical simulations.The simulated results were compared with the experimental results obtained for the deformation of actual welded joints.The results revealed that the deformation of the joint was described by an asymmetric distribution with a large deformation region occurring mainly in the advancing side.This asymmetric deformation was mainly caused by the direct mechanical force applied by the welding tool to the workpiece.Furthermore,the deformation characteristics of the fixed points on both sides of the weld revealed that the deformation of the retreating side fluctuated significantly during the welding process.That is,the retreating side exhibited less welding stability than the advancing side.The stress distribution of the welded joint showed that a high stress region was formed at the end of the weld.In addition,the final stress distribution of the welded joint resulted mainly from the shear stress in the x-y direction.

Study on stress and deformation of keyhole gas tungsten arc-welded joints

Keyhole gas tungsten arc welding(K-TIG)of Q345 low alloy steel plates was simulated by using SYSWELD software.The temperature field of the K-TIG welding process was simulated with three different combined heat sources and was compared with the weld profile that was obtained experimentally.The temperature field that was obtained by a combination of a double ellipsoid heat source on the upper half and a three-dimensional Gauss heat source on the lower half was similar to the real situation.The effects of plate thickness,gap and welding speed on the deformation and stress of the K-TIG welded joints were investigated by K-TIG welding numerical simulation.A reduction in the thickness of the weld plates reduced the z-direction deformation and transverse residual stress;an appropriate gap reduced the residual stress and an increase in the welding speed reduced deformation after welding,but did not help to control the residual stress after welding.

基于SYSWELD的铝合金角接接头激光-MIG复合焊变形模拟

采用SYSWELD有限元软件对多种夹持条件下的5mm厚的L形铝合金角接接头的激光-MIG复合热源焊接变形进行数值模拟,并与实际焊接结果进行比较。研究表明:该软件能较好地模拟L形角接接头的激光-MIG复合焊,模拟结果与实际变形偏差为10%,夹持近焊缝处和焊缝冷却到室温时卸下夹具,更利于控制L形铝合金结构的激光-MIG复合焊接变形。

焊接变形与基于SYSWELD的焊接力学数值模拟

汽轮机焊接一直受到由于焊接残余应力和变形所导致的产品成本高、生产效率低等问题的困扰,研究焊接残余应力和变形具有重要的工程实际意义。利用SYSWELD有限元软件完全实现了机械、热传导和金属冶金的耦合焊接计算,既考虑晶相转变又考虑了同一时间晶相转变潜热和晶相组织对温度的影响。分析空心叶片的结构特点和焊接变形原因,利用有限元软件SYSWELD对核电空心叶片的焊接进行了实时三维数值模拟,获得了焊接温度场、焊接残余应力分布及变形,并定性分析了模拟计算结果,为核电空心叶片的七段焊接方法提供理论依据。

基于SYSWELD薄板焊接变形研究

焊接变形是影响车身质量和生产率的主要问题之一。焊接变形的存在不仅影响着焊件的使用性能,而且影响着车身的装配质量。本文采用有限元法对DP600双相钢薄板件焊接热变形进行模拟,并对焊核进行试验验证。通过不同参数组合,得出x和y方向的焊接变形量,讨论了焊接工艺参数对焊接热变形的影响规律。结果表明,焊接电流对焊接变形影响最大,且y方向的变形量是x方向的2倍;同时,焊件厚度选用多层等厚薄板,可以大大减小变形量。因此,采取合理的焊接工艺参数来降低焊接变形量,对提高车身质量具有重要的意义。

基于SYSWELD的在役焊接径向变形数值模拟

采用焊接模拟软件SYSWELD研究壁厚、管径及熔池尺寸等因素对天然气管道在役焊接径向变形的影响.结果表明：发生烧穿的临界瞬时最大变形有时间效应;发生临界变形的时间随着壁厚的增大而增加,径向变形量减小;随着管径增加,径向变形量在同壁厚下逐渐增大;壁厚为4.5 mm时,小管径管道易达到临界变形量;壁厚为6 mm时,管径的增大降低了临界变形发生的可能性;当壁厚为7.5 mm,管径由254 mm增大到508 mm时,发生临界变形的可能性减小,而管径在508～ 1016 mm时,管径的增大增加了临界变形发生的可能性;内壁点的径向变形随着热源的靠近而增大,随着壁厚的增大而减小,但当壁厚增大到6 mm后,壁厚的增大对其不再有显著影响;熔池尺寸影响焊接修复同时刻时的径向变形量,达到临界变形量的时间与熔池尺寸成反比,表现出明显的熔池尺寸效应.

Computational fluid dynamics simulation of friction stir welding:A comparative study on different frictional boundary conditions

Numerical simulation based on computational fluid dynamics （CFD） is a useful approach for quantitatively investigating the underlying thermal-mechanical conditions during FSW, such as temperature field and material deformation field. One of the critical issues in CFD simulation of FSW is the use of the frictional boundary condition, which represents the friction between the welding tool and the workpiece in the numerical models. In this study, three-dimensional numerical simulation is conducted to analyze the heat transfer and plastic deformation behaviors during the FSW of AA2024. For comparison purposes, both the boundary velocity （BV） models and the boundary shear stress （BSS） models are employed in order to assess their performances in predicting the temperature and material deformation in FSW. It is interesting to note that different boundary conditions yield similar predictions on temperature, but quite different predictions on material deformation. The numerical predictions are compared with the experimental results. The predicted deformation zone geometry by the BSS model is consistent with the experimental results while there is large difference between the predictions by the BV models and the experimental measurements. The fact that the BSS model yields more reasonable predictions on the deformation zone geometry is attributed to its capacity to automatically adjust the contact state at the tool/workpiece interface. Based on the favorable predictions on both the temperature field and the material deformation field, the BSS model is suggested to have a better performance in numerical simulation of FSW than the BV model.

基于SYSWELD的地铁构架焊接变形数值模拟

通过SYSWELD焊接仿真软件的局部-全局法模拟计算了某地铁构架组焊时产生的焊接变形量,根据计算结果优化了焊接工艺,对构架设计提供数据支持。数值仿真计算结果与构架试制结果进行了验证对比,两者趋势吻合度高。通过这种方法可缩短产品试制周期,减少成本。

高速动车组铝合金车体T形焊缝接头的SYSWELD数值模拟研究

高速动车组铝合金车体焊缝接头形式主要分为对接与角接,角接又分为搭接与T形接头,文中以T形接头为例,运用焊接专用数值模拟软件SYSWELD对高速动车组普遍采用的5083铝合金的MIG焊进行了焊缝过程模拟计算。主要分析了焊接电流与焊接速度对熔池温度场以及焊接变形的影响。模拟结果显示,焊接速度一定条件下,随着焊接电流的增加,熔池的宽度、长度、熔深增加,温度循环曲线的最高温度升高;焊接变形量增大,焊接变形量最大处的面积增加;焊接电流一定的条件下,随着焊接速度的提高,熔池的宽度、长度、熔深减小,温度循环曲线的最高温度降低;焊接变形量减小,焊接变形量最大处的面积减小。

火箭贮箱侧壁法兰结构TIG焊接变形仿真与顺序优化

文中针对火箭贮箱侧壁法兰结构TIG焊接的变形情况开展有限元分析,建立2A14铝合金贮箱侧壁法兰结构TIG焊接有限元模型,采用双椭球模型模拟马鞍形焊缝的焊接热输入情况,并根据焊接过程温度检测结果及焊缝宏观形貌校核热源模型,重点探究焊接起始位置、焊接顺序对关键部位(焊缝、密封槽)焊接变形的影响。模拟结果表明,焊后变形主要集中在焊缝区域,密封槽变形较小;焊缝与密封槽的焊接变形分布趋势相近,均在B(B')点出现变形峰值。此外,与改变焊接起点相比,改变焊接顺序对焊接变形的影响更为显著。贮箱侧壁法兰结构焊接顺序优化结果显示,在盖面反向焊(方案四)下,焊接变形分布较为均匀,焊缝和密封槽焊接变形最小。在这种情况下,焊缝最大变形量为1.022 mm,密封槽最大变形量为0.505 mm。

基于固有应变的旧钢桥加固焊接应力和变形分析

文章针对某大型桥梁实际加固修复焊接,利用独自开发的焊接变形分析系统软件,预测不同工艺和工况条件下大桥的应力和变形,获得不同条件下桥梁变形和应力的分布规律,确认该大型桥梁加固焊接施工方案的安全性。同时,该文为实际焊接工艺的优化提供了技术解决方案。

6061-T6铝合金高速搅拌摩擦焊数值模拟

基于耦合欧拉-拉格朗日方法,建立了6061-T6铝合金薄板的高速搅拌摩擦焊数值模型,研究高速焊接工艺条件下的温度场及变形场特点,采用示踪粒子方法研究焊接区材料塑性流动规律。开展高速搅拌摩擦焊试验,分别从温度场、宏观样貌和内部缺陷对数值模型进行验证。结果表明,采用该模型能够准确描述高速搅拌摩擦焊过程的温度场及变形场,也能精准预测焊接缺陷出现的位置及尺寸。相较于常规搅拌摩擦焊,高速搅拌摩擦焊在焊接方向和横截面都具有更密集的温度梯度,塑性应变区域也较为集中,其热影响区更小。

大型底板结构焊接顺序控制变形数值分析

利用非线性有限元方法对某大型结构底板焊接顺序进行数值模拟计算,建立了疏密过渡的有限元模型.使用随温度变化的材料热-力参量,采用高效率的移动串状双椭球热源模型,定性地对比了不同焊接顺序及不同约束情况下底板挠曲变形量数值大小.结果表明,先焊底板比先焊筋板方法挠曲变形小;底板两条纵、长焊缝分别焊接比同时焊接方法挠曲变形小;使用刚性平台约束焊接比自由焊接挠曲变形小;筋板两侧横、短焊缝同时焊接不会产生扭曲变形;焊接结构的挠曲变形与结构的中性轴密切相关.

搅拌摩擦焊接的热力耦合分析模型

随着数值模拟技术在搅拌摩擦焊接研究中的应用日益广泛,对模型本身的准确程度要求越来越高,因而针对数值分析模型的研究显得更有意义。通过分析搅拌摩擦焊接热力耦合计算方面的相关资料,结合实际开展的搅拌摩擦焊接试验以及试验过程中对部分物理量的测量和分析,建立更加完善的搅拌摩擦焊接数值模拟模型。对生热过程、材料模型、夹具约束以及搅拌头机械载荷作用都进行细致分析和探讨,在新模型中采用被焊材料的剪切极限作为生热驱动力,考虑被焊材料的力学性能随温度和温度历史发生变化,建立夹具和试板之间的接触关系,并在力学分析模型中将搅拌头机械载荷简化考虑。利用新建立的数值分析模型对铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊接过程进行模拟,得到和试验结果吻合较好的温度场、残余应力和变形结果。