Compliance of Physicians with Standard Precautions of Handling Patients with Infectious Respiratory Disease

Background: Standard precautions (SPs) are the minimum infection prevention practices that aim to protect Health care workers (HCWs) including physicians and prevent them from transmitting the infections to their patients. Purpose: To assess the level of compliance of physicians with standard precautions of handling patients with infectious respiratory disease. Method: A cross sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in two tertiary level hospitals named M Abdur Rahim Medical College and Hospital, Dinajpur, Bangladesh and Rajshahi Medical College and Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh to assess the level of compliance of physicians with standard precautions. Purposive sampling technique was applied as per inclusion criteria and data was collected by face to face interview from 285 physicians. Statistical analysis of the results was done by SPSS and a p value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Result: The study revealed that maximum physicians (76.5%) handling patients with infectious respiratory disease had a moderate level of compliance with standard precautions. 78.6% of the physicians had moderate level of awareness about standard precautions. Only 20.35% of the physicians had training on infection control. 94.4% of the respondents didn’t know the component of standard precaution and most of the physicians were not aware of the sequence of wearing and removing the different components of PPEs. Conclusion: The study result implies that with increased awareness, the compliance of the physicians with standard precautions increased. The main reasons of non-compliance with standard precautions were found to be lack of resources, lack of regular training and excess workload.

Impact of designed infection control educational program on nurses’knowledge and compliance with standard precautions at maternity hospitals

Objectives:This study aimed to assess the nurses’knowledge and compliance with infection control standard precautions and evaluate the impact of the designed infection control educational program on nurses’knowledge and compliance with standard precautions at the maternity hospital.Materials and Methods:A quasi‑experimental one‑group pretest‑posttest design was used on convenient sample of 60 nurses working at Obstetrics and Gynecological hospital in Cairo University Hospital,Kasr El Ainy,who received“designed infection control educational program”for 6 months.The data were collected through the questionnaire comprising demographics,knowledge,and compliance with standard precautions questionnaire.The nurses’knowledge and compliance score were compared before and after intervention.Results:The studied nurses had higher level of knowledge(85.3%)and compliance(92.8%)regarding infection control standard precautions after the educational program compared to before the program.The results revealed statistically significant difference between before and after the program regarding nurses’knowledge score(15.5±2.9 vs.17.1±1.6,P<0.001)and compliance score(58.5±13.2 vs.74.3±5.1,P<0.001).In addition,there was insignificant relation between nurses’knowledge and compliance with standard precautions both before(r=0.952,P=0.474)and after educational program(r=0.164,P=0.223).Conclusion:The nurses’level of knowledge and compliance regarding infection control standard precautions was significantly improved after the program.Therefore,it is recommended that periodical educational programs regarding the standard precautions of infection control are essential for nurses at maternity hospital.

Techniques and Precautions of Sod Culture in Citrus Orchards in Sichuan Province

Citrus is an important fruit in Sichuan,accounting for 52.6%fruit yield of the whole Sichuan Province.In recent years,citrus has expanded its original cultivation and planting area in Sichuan,and the planting area has continued to increase.In terms of citrus cultivation methods,the sod culture has become a hot spot.This paper focused on the benefits of sod culture in citrus orchards,the selection of grass species,and the cultivation techniques.It analyzed the problems that should be paid attention to in sod culture in citrus orchards,in order to provide a theoretical basis for production and cultivation of fruit farmers.

Healthcare Professionals’ Adherence to Contact Precautions at a Maternal and Child Teaching Hospital

Background: Healthcare-associated infections affect hundreds of millions of patients worldwide. Children have greater susceptibility to healthcare-associated infections due to the immaturity of their immune system. Contact precautions aim to promote safety, protection and prevention of contamination. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify adherence to contact precaution measures, as well as compliance to the use of personal protective equipment. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out from July to October 2019 using a checklist to evaluate health professionals’ adherence to hand hygiene procedures and the use of gloves and surgical gowns when assisting children on contact precautions. Results: A total of 941 observations were carried out in a total of 300.532 hours. Hand hygiene was performed before and after contact with the patient in 58.84% and 75.09% of the cases, respectively and a surgical gown was used in 86.40% of the cases. The use of gloves was the variable most adhered to by professionals (87.57%). Intensive care unit professionals were the care workers who most complied with the regulation regarding hand hygiene after contact with the patient (p = 0.009) and the use of the surgical gown (p < 0.001). The correct hand hygiene technique was the recommendation with least adherence. Non-compliance to the hand hygiene technique was statistically significant among intensive care unit professionals (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Adherence to hand hygiene before contact with the patient and compliance with the hand hygiene technique were neglected by most professionals. However, there was good adherence to the use of surgical gloves and gowns, as well as high compliance to the techniques of removing these items. .

2012—2022年北京市石景山区肺结核流行特征分析

目的:分析2012—2022年北京市石景山区肺结核流行特征,为以后更好开展结核病防治工作提供科学依据。方法:通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”的子系统“结核病信息管理系统”,收集2012—2022年北京市石景山区肺结核患者相关资料,包括性别、年龄、职业、病原学情况、现住址等,采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果:2012—2022年石景山区共报告肺结核患者1954例,年均报告发病率为28.60/10万。肺结核报告发病率由2012年的35.70/10万(231例)下降到2022年的21.85/10万(123例),总体呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=40.035,P<0.001)。报告肺结核患者中,男性1288例,女性666例,性别比为1.93∶1,男性报告发病率(37.44/10万,1288/3 440 000)高于女性(19.63/10万,666/3 392 000),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=189.416,P<0.001)。0~14岁、15~64岁、≥65岁3个年龄组肺结核报告发病率分别为2.76/10万(19/688 973)、25.69/10万(1372/5 341 527)和69.21/10万(563/813 409),≥65岁年龄组报告发病率明显高于0~14岁和15~64岁年龄组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=647.183,P<0.001)。职业分布前5位的是离退休人员(33.88%,662/1954)、家务及待业(21.19%,414/1954)、干部职员(9.88%,193/1954)、工人(8.55%,167/1954)、学生及教师(6.14%,120/1954)。第2季度报告肺结核患者例数最多(26.36%,515/1954),其次是第4季度(25.03%,489/1954),第1季度(23.80%,465/1954)最少。结论:2012—2022年北京市石景山区肺结核报告发病率总体呈下降趋势,≥65岁老年人是石景山区肺结核防控的重点人群,应采取有效措施,尽早发现老年患者,及时采取治疗措施。

我国利福平耐药结核病防治的历史沿革及展望

利福平耐药结核病(rifampicin resistant tuberculosis,RR-TB)是我国面临的重大公共卫生问题。如何防治耐药结核病,降低其对社会和民众的危害,笔者从探索研究、规划实施和全面推广3个阶段出发,全面回顾了我国耐药结核病防治的历史沿革,从一无所有的探索,到创新性地建立耐药结核病防治新模式,以及所取得的成效。与此同时,针对当前我国复治结核病患者耐药率高、治疗成功率不理想等挑战,作者也提出了下一步的应对建议和展望,以供读者参考。

移动护理信息系统的建设体会

随着医疗信息化的不断发展,移动护理信息系统已成为医疗机构提高护理工作效率、减少医疗风险、提高护理服务质量的重要手段。为实现过程控制和质量管理,该研究对医院移动护理信息系统的系统构建、业务流程、系统功能、建设注意事项、应用效果进行分析。结果表明,应用移动护理信息系统后的日均护理工作时长减少206.03 h、患者满意度提升至97.10%、护理不良事件发生率降至1.20%(P<0.05),可显著提高护理人员的工作效率、质量。

杀菌机启车快速升温的方法及注意事项

管式杀菌机循环水的路径较长,生产前为了达到快速升温对设备杀菌消毒清洗的目的,只对加热升温段加热升温,往往在生产工艺流程上对加热循环水进行节流短路的设计,本文就此进行阐述。

密集城区深基坑工程施工安全管理研究--以某中医院工程为例

随着城市化进程的加速,高层建筑和地下空间的利用越来越普遍,深基坑工程也日益增多。而深基坑工程施工事故频发,且一旦发生事故,极易造成群死群伤,后果严重,究其原因,主要是相关管理经验不足,施工过程管理控制措施不到位。近10年来,深基坑开挖和支护成为国内岩土工程最为关注的问题之一。该文以某中医院工程为例,就深基坑的类型、适用范围及施工安全风险进行了剖析,并结合案例,总结了一些对于密集城区深基坑施工的安全管理经验,为类似工程提供参考。

基于决策实验分析法的船舶冰困预防研究

冰困是影响冬季船舶航行安全的重要因素。为避免冰困突发应急处置中,不合理操作引发的严重安全问题,本文采用决策实验分析法全面分析我国辽东湾2012-2022年冰困数据,确定各要素间的因果关系和系统中的地位,得出冰困的本质层因素,并根据本质层因素与过渡层的关系,提出船舶冰困预防的技术建议和管理建议,以期为相关部门提供技术支持和决策依据。

氢化物原子荧光光谱分析中的故障及其排除

阐述了氢化物原子荧光光谱分析中的常见故障及其排除方法。

高校学籍管理改革与探索

学籍管理是高校教学管理的重要组成部分。从学校制度建设、日常管理、队伍建设等方面分析总结这项工作在具体执行中遇到的问题,提出改革措施,并对其中的风险防范给出建议,以期为高校学籍管理工作提供经验借鉴。

Research Progress and Prospect of Road Dust Suppressants

Road dust has great adverse effects on traffic quality,traffic safety,atmospheric environment quality,and human health.Therefore,with the continuous development of modern science and technology,the research of road dust suppressants is also progressing.To promote the rational application and development of road dust suppressants,the research progress and prospects of them are analyzed in this paper.It includes a basic overview of road dust suppressants,the main types,the usage and precautions,and the main development direction.It is hoped that this analysis can provide some reference for further research and development of road dust suppressants.

沙坦类药物的临床特点和注意事项

沙坦类药物属于血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂(ARB),具有降低血压、逆转左心室肥厚、脑血管保护、肾脏保护等作用,常见有氯沙坦、缬沙坦、厄贝沙坦、替米沙坦、阿利沙坦、阿齐沙坦等。本文详细介绍了沙坦类药物的作用特点及注意事项,以期更好地指导临床合理用药。

保压候凝对页岩气井固井质量的影响及机理分析

页岩气井开发过程面临钻压同步的情况,常伴有套变现象发生,影响后期压裂改造。为此,油田采取保压候凝措施预防套变。通过跟踪页岩气井保压候凝后续固井质量情况,发现采取该措施的页岩气井存在质量分界现象,即保压候凝后,在某一井深范围会出现质量反转,固井质量差异明显。通过统计数据与测井曲线图特征分析,探索总结其影响规律,并结合弹性力学厚壁筒理论对其进行了机理分析。对于抗外挤强度高的套管,在满足抗外挤条件下,不建议候凝期间采取管内保压措施。如果必须采取保压措施,建议采用弹性水泥浆、树脂水泥浆等体系进行浆体设计,并合理控制保压值以减小微间隙的产生。另外,还可在重叠段关键位置使用遇烃遇水自膨胀管外封隔器封堵气窜通道,降低后期环空带压机率。

纺织品中的甲醛与标准检测研究分析

在实际生产纺织品时,需要经过多道加工工序,包括前处理、后整理以及印染等多道加工工序,纺织品中可能存在甲醛残留。对于纺织品当中的甲醛,可以通过皮肤接触、呼吸等在人体中进入,并导致使用者患上多种疾病。本研究针对纺织品中的甲醛检测展开分析,探讨了甲醛含量的标准检测方法,并阐述甲醛检测值的处理和校正,能为相关工作人员提供一些参考和借鉴。

鄱阳湖流域堤防工程险情分析及除险加固技术研究

鄱阳湖流域最主要的自然灾害为洪涝灾害,堤防工程是水利工程防洪涝的重要组成部分。文中简述了鄱阳湖流域近年堤防建设,分析了鄱阳湖流域堤防常见险情及加固措施,并介绍了鄱阳湖流域常用的部分除险加固技术、创新技术与材料,以供参考。

初中生肥胖防控资源评估的质性研究

背景 青春期是肥胖问题的高风险期,针对青少年开展肥胖防控尤为紧迫和必要。然而现有干预措施普遍面临无法持续开展或扩大推广的困境,亟需通过资源评估识别和发掘现有的社区资源或优势,促进青春期肥胖防控项目的开展和维持。目的 对初中生肥胖防控进行资源评估,识别获得当下政策环境、物质环境、社会环境、信息环境中的优势资源、不足之处与改进建议。方法 2023—2024年1月采用目的抽样法,从中国东部某市疾病控制中心、教育局、城区3所初级中学中选取11名承担初中生肥胖防控相关工作的工作人员进行一对一、面对面访谈;在以上3所初中各邀请8名家长及其子女进行专题小组访谈,每组8人,共计6组。通过主题分析法对访谈资料进行分析。结果关于初中生肥胖防控,受访者提及的优势资源主要包括实现肥胖监测、保障校内营养膳食和体育运动的政策与条件,以及可用于传播健康信息的宣传媒介;不足之处主要为缺乏可高效推进肥胖防控的专项政策与方案、各场所的物质和社会环境资源无法充分支持健康饮食与运动、信息环境资源的质量与力度难以促成知信行转变等。关于改善资源环境,受访者提出的建议主要包括落实刚性监管和柔性激励、提高资源可及性、动员多方合作和强化健康宣教等。整合现有资源和改进建议形成了一份资源评估清单,分别对应10类政策环境资源,8类物质环境资源,20类社会环境资源和12类信息环境资源。结论 当前各环境中存在多项有利于初中生肥胖防控的优势资源,但也面临诸多不足之处亟需改善。后续初中生肥胖防控可参考资源评估清单诊断资源现状,使干预措施更好地匹配现有环境,以增强干预策略的效果与可持续性。

危险化学品生产企业提升班组自主安全管理的方式探究

聚烯烃是一种性能优良的半透明固体材料,具有良好的热塑性,因而在现代机械、包装以及食品工业领域都得到了广泛运用,但聚烯烃生产工艺上具有一定的危险性,为了防止安全事故的发生,需要对引起生产危险的因素进行分析,进而更好地采取安全防范措施。本文基于聚烯烃生产的危险因素,从工艺、设备、安全技术等方面,提出了小班组大安全生产实践活动,创新性地对相关工作进行了梳理和分析,为安全生产和高质量发展奠定了理论和实践基础。

纺织品掉毛与起球现象的分析与防范策略

纺织品掉毛和起毛起球问题的形成机制及其相互关联性的研究表明,这些问题的发生是纤维质量、加工过程和使用洗涤条件等多重因素的综合结果。纺织品起毛起球问题主要受纤维结构、纺织品磨损以及纤维表面能等因素影响,优化纤维选择、纺织品设计和加工过程可显著提高纺织品的质量和使用寿命。掉毛问题与起毛起球现象存在紧密关联,表现为掉毛加速起毛起球过程、影响纤维表面能及纤维疏松度的变化。实践中,优化纤维原材料的选择,调整加工过程,应用纤维表面处理技术和纤维混纺技术都是有效的预防措施,这些手段可以显著提高纺织品的品质和耐用性。