Parkinson＇s disease （PD） is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder which mainly affects the motor system. The pathological characteristics of PD include the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia...Parkinson＇s disease （PD） is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder which mainly affects the motor system. The pathological characteristics of PD include the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region and dopamine depletion in the striatum. Dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter that is involved in motor control, executive functions, motivation, arousal, reinforcement, and reward [1]. The ongoing tonic levels of dopamine release in the dorsal striatum are thought to be important for the regulation of movement. Because of the dopamine depletion in the striatum, movement is affected in PD. The typical motor symptoms consist of poverty of movement, tremor at rest, rigidity, and postural instability. Meanwhile, pre-motor symptoms, including hyposmia, constipation, depression, and REM sleep behavior disorder, have been suggested to precede these typical motor symptoms by years [2]. It is usually proposed to alleviate these symptoms via boosting the levels of dopamine in PD. However, this may not be the case.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81430024 and31771124)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M622128)+1 种基金Qingdao Postdoctoral Research ProjectShandong Province Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Project(2017WS121)
文摘Parkinson＇s disease （PD） is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder which mainly affects the motor system. The pathological characteristics of PD include the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region and dopamine depletion in the striatum. Dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter that is involved in motor control, executive functions, motivation, arousal, reinforcement, and reward [1]. The ongoing tonic levels of dopamine release in the dorsal striatum are thought to be important for the regulation of movement. Because of the dopamine depletion in the striatum, movement is affected in PD. The typical motor symptoms consist of poverty of movement, tremor at rest, rigidity, and postural instability. Meanwhile, pre-motor symptoms, including hyposmia, constipation, depression, and REM sleep behavior disorder, have been suggested to precede these typical motor symptoms by years [2]. It is usually proposed to alleviate these symptoms via boosting the levels of dopamine in PD. However, this may not be the case.
